Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PREFACE During my industrial training period of past 4 months, I was cherished with practical experiences, knowledge on site procedures and general knowledge on industry. My training establishment was Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd and Isuru Engineering (Pte) Ltd. I am very much pleased in presenting this report on which I gained there. The period that I spent with Sanken Lanka as a trainee was diametrically different from the life in ICBT. But during that short period I gained a lot of experiences on civil engineering construction, realized the value of having a balanced theoretical and practical knowledge and realized about the expected role of engineers from the industry. What I observed about the organization, what I gained as practical experiences and my opinions on training are agglomerated in this report. First elaborates about my training establishment- Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd and Isuru Engineering (Pte) Ltd. The most important thing is what I gained during the training period all those things are summarized in this report. I included there what I have done, what I have seen and what I have come to know during that period. Site procedures including store procedures, safety functions and financial procedures are mentioned that I observed there. Technical experiences that I gained there are described. Functions and duties that I was involved and technical and social matters raised are also included. What I have gained during past 4 months physically and spiritually, my attitudes regarding industrial tanning and the training establishment, my overall assessment on this training session and my own suggestions to improve the training to give more effective training to future batches are also presented.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Theory without practice is not lead to success. The industrial training program organized by ICBT mount campus is highly appreciated because this was a golden opportunity to me as an undergraduate. First of all, I would like to thank Mr. Gamini Rajakaruna for taking a few moments of his valuable time to guide me and support me throughout the course of this project. He all the time encouraged us to work on this module and appreciated our good work is well. He gave us excellent feedbacks and motivated us more on this industrial training. He did a greatest dedication regarding industrial training and encouraged us to get maximum use of industrial training. I would also like thank our site manager Eng. Anurudhdha. I would also thank project Engineers Eng. Kapila Weerasinghe, Eng. H.L.N Priyadharshani, Eng. Samitha Saparamadu and all the other staff members of project who provided me such a good training and assisted me in many ways. And finally my thanks also tend to my parents, family members, my colleagues and all the others who helped me to have a successful training period.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 2
Table of content
Page Number Preface...01 Acknowledgement.02
A) Profile of the Project....04
B).Description Of the Project....09 C).Experience Gained........24 D).Observations Made...54 F).Any problems encountered and solutions found ..56 Conclusion.59 Reference...60
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 3
Sanken construction (Pvt) Ltd About Sanken Construction Formation Sanken construction traces its roots back to their joint venture with Mitsui Construction Company of Japan. Mitsui Construction Company commenced their operation in Sri Lanka in 1977 with a Branch office in Colombo. In May 1984, a Company by the name Mitsui construction Company Lank (Pvt.) Ltd. was incorporated under FIAC authorization to undertake Civil and Building construction work. This was extended in December 1985 to include, the Leasing and Hiring of Industrial equipment. Four years onwards, a name change from Mistui construction Company Lanka (Pvt) ltd took place. Additionally in March 1991, approval was obtained for the sale of Ready mixed concretea pioneering venture of construction Industry in Sri Lanka. In 2011 Sanken Lanka (Pvt) Ltd changed its name to Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd in Sri Lanka. Affiliation Sanken Construct in one of the highest ranked construction companies (ICTAD C1 Grade) Sanken Construction is a member of National Construction Association of Sri Lanka (NCASL) Sanken Construction is ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System Certified Company. Awards
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 4
ICTAD Construction Excellence Award (2007) for the construction of Capitol Residencies luxury Apartments.
Bronze Award for Export of Business and Professional Services by National Chamber Of Exporters of Sri Lank in (2007 and 2008)
Construction Excellence Award for Buildings (National) by National chamber of Construction of Sri Lanka (2007).
Merit Award in Education and Training on Special projects by Ceylon Chamber of Commerce (2008).
Sanken Lanka Vision VISION To be Sri Lankas Premier construction service provider
MISSION To provide Quality professional services, exceeding customer expectations, by effective utilization of all resources within the best practices of the industry
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 5
Quality Policy At Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd are a team committed to provide a quality product and services at affordable price, on time, In the execution of construction projects and the manufacture of related products, with the support of our valuable suppliers and in total harmony with society and the environment. Sanken Construction is further committed, to satisfy our customer whilst improving the quality of life of our organization. Sanken Construction value the team work, efficiency, responsibility and responsiveness to achieve these goals through optimization of resources and continual improvement of their systems, At all levels of operations, to further enhance the quality of their products and services. Services Construction contracts Property development Ready mixed concrete Hiring of scaffoldings Design and build contracts Consultancy Hiring and leasing of machinery Trading
Higher National Diploma in Civil
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 6
Previous Registration No : N (PVS) 1109 Present registration No New date of registration In Sanken Lanka a) Project Name. On 320 Residential Apartment : PV 9889 : 14-10-2011
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 7
Page 8
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 9
Escape, whilst in the hustle and bustle of town. Centrally located in the heart of Colombos commercial and business hub, OnThree20 is just minutes, if not seconds away from hotels, schools, recreational centers, supermarkets, department stores, cinemas, restaurants and clubs
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 10
b) Organization chart
Executive Director DGM (projects) Manager (projects) HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 11
Site Manager I Site Engineer II Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Trainee Engineer I Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Trainee Engineer II Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Technical officer I
Site Manager II Site Engineer II Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Trainee Engineer III Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Trainee Engineer IV Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Technical officer II
Site Manager III Site Engineer III Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Trainee Engineer V Assistan t Engineer Trainee Engineer VI Project Engineer Assistan t Engineer Technical officer III
Supervisor I
Supervisor I
Supervisor I
Supervisor I
Supervisor I
Supervisor I
Supervisor I
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
c) Overall Scope of the project. 3 Towers of 38 Storeys with 475 Apartment Units Over half an acre of landscape garden on the podium level, 2,000 sqft Gymnasium, 40 Visitor parking lots, Large club house, Multi-purpose function rooms, BBQ pits, Business center, Squash Court, Steam Room and Indoor Games Rooms.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 12
Facilities and Finishes Apartments Air Conditioning for Living / Dining Area and Bedrooms Pantry Cupboards with Hob & Hood Maid's Room(Available in some Apartments / Optional) Balcony for the living area Intercom system Porcelain Tiled floor with wooden skirting Veneered finish doors
Higher National Diploma in Civil
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 13
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 14
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 15
Common Areas Covered Car parking for each apartment plus an option to purchase additional car parks (based on availability) Building Management System Standby Power Broadband Infrastructure Separate Entrance Lobbies in each Tower Over half an acre of landscape garden on the podium level Swimming pool, Lap pool & Kiddies pool 2,000 SqFt Gymnasium
Higher National Diploma in Civil
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 16
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 17
A) Profile of the Project: In Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD, popularly referred in the Construction sector as ISURU (IEL), true to its' vernacular meaning having achieved popularity among clients. Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD, popularly referred in the Construction sector as ISURU (IEL), true to its vernacular meaning having achieved popularity among clients, commenced its construction activities in 1993 and became a member of the National Constructors Association of Sri Lanka. Dedication and Commitment to high ideals helped IEL to achieve ICTAD M1 Category in Building Construction, within a very short span through the support of our professional staff consisting of a dedicated team of highly skilled and qualified Engineers and Technical Officers trained in the latest technology.
VISION To be the best service provider in construction industry for Sri Lanka.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 18
MISSION To provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art services in Construction Industry, using latest technology together with competent service personnel to meet the highest standards of the Construction Industry with honesty and integrity.
Company History IEL commenced its operations in 1993 with Chairman/Managing Director and a Director. A small Team of Engineers provided the support services at the inception. IEL received Membership of National Construction Association of Sri Lanka in January 1997. Since then it has undertaken Construction work in Sri Lanka and the Republic of Maldives. Through perseverance and dedication, and with the gradual build up of the Engineering team, it managed to rise to the highest ICTAD Grading within a short period of 4 years. Similarly upgrading was possible in the fields of Water Supply & Drainage, Highways and Bridge Construction. IEL has been admitted to the Dun & Bradstreet Global Database. IEL has been assessed and certified for meeting the requirements of ISO 9001-2000 by SGS, United Kingdom, and has reached a prime position in the construction field through its highly successful operations in Sri Lanka and abroad.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 19
Achievement National Construction Association of Sri Lanka Membership was awarded to Isuru Engineering (Pte) Ltd in 1997 Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD) awarded higher grading Building Construction, Water Supply & Drainage, Road Works etc in 1997 Admitted to the Dun & Bradstreet Global Database in 2003 Awarded ISO 9001-2000 System Certification in 2008
Machinery and work shop IEL maintains a large contingent of machinery, equipment and vehicles and has access to machinery and equipment to undertake the following works: Earth excavation Earth haulage Earth compaction Road Construction Water Supply and Drainage Work Water Retaining Structures High Elevation Water Towers Sumps Sewer Treatment and Disposal Facilities Road construction Fabrication of steel structures School Buildings, Hotels and Multi Storey Buildings
Higher National Diploma in Civil
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 20
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 21
B).Description Of the Project: In Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD a) Project Location- Nawala road, Nugegoda
b) Organization Chart
Project Manager
Site Engineer
Technical Officer
Trainee Engineer
Store keeper
Watcher
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 22
Project manager Project manager is responsible for overall administration of the site. Co-ordination with different persons involved in project, personnel management at site, take heed of financial matters and quality control are done by project manager. All the officers employed in the site are under project managers control.
Site engineer Site engineer is responsible for all the construction works carried out at site and relevant instructions should be given to work supervisors by site engineer. Works according to drawings and specifications should be carried out and payments to sub contractors also should be done under his inspection. Checking bar bending schedules, checking financial aspects of the site, involving in ordering material, machinery and equipments from suppliers and participating in progress meetings are done by site engineers. Work supervisor Giving relevant instructions to workers, getting the plans from site engineers, controlling laborers at work site, issuing materials to the site under approval of site engineers and supervise the works done by workers should be done by site supervisor. Quantity surveyor
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 23
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 24
C).Experience Gained
During my industrial training period of 4 months worked under the supervision of Eng. Kapila Weerasinghe one of the site Engineers in On Tree 20 Project. The training experiences are spread to a large area because this project is a huge project. The experiences including the duties and functions which I had to perform can be categorized as follows.
Backfilling: Backfill material shall be clean earth fill composed of sand, clay and sand, sand and rock, crushed rock, or an approved combination thereof. Backfilling shall be divided into three specified areas: First, from trench grade to a point 12 inches above the top of the utility, called initial backfill; second, from the top of the pipe zone to the bottom of the subgrade called final backfill; and third, from the bottom of the replacement base course to the replacement surface. Where encasements or other below grade concrete work have been installed, backfilling shall not proceed until the concrete has obtained sufficient strength to support the backfill load.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 25
Initial Backfill Granular material shall be carefully placed and tamped around the lower half (springline) of the utility. Backfilling shall be carefully continued until the fill is 12 inches above the top of the utility in layers not exceeding 6 inches (uncompacted thickness), using the best available material from the excavation, if approved. The material shall be lowered to within two feet above the top of pipes before it is allowed to fall, unless the material is placed with approved devices that protect the pipes from impact. Initial backfill shall exclude stones, or rock fragments larger than one inch for either ductile iron. HDPE or PVC pipe. Compacting each lift shall be equal to 100% of maximum density as determined by AASHTO T-99.
C. Final Backfill: The remainder of the trench, above initial backfill and below the subgrade, shall be backfilled and compacted in layers not exceeding 12 inches (uncompacted thickness), except that the last two lifts shall not exceed six inches
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 26
Shoulder Restoration: All shoulder restoration shall be in accordance with the applicable permit requirements of the agency having jurisdiction. In excavated locations outside a 2(horizontal) to 1(vertical) slope downward from the shoulder line or the back of the curb, backfill (initial and final) shall be compacted to a density equal to 95% of maximum density, as determined by AASHTO T-99, or to natural existing density of the adjacent undisturbed trench embankments, whichever is greater. Protective Concrete Slab: Protective concrete slabs shall be installed over the top of trenches, where required, to protect the installed utility against excessive loads, or when insufficient cover exists. Compacting: Compaction Methods: Specified compaction shall be accomplished using accepted standard methods (powered tampers, vibrators, etc.), with the exception that the first 12 inches of backfilling over the pipe shall be compacted by hand-operated tamping devices. Flooding or puddling with water to consolidate backfill is not acceptable, except where sugar sand is encountered and the operation has been approved by the Engineer of Record Location of Density Tests: Density tests for determination of the specified densities shall be made every 1000 feet parallel to roadways and at least one test location under each perpendicular roadway cut. Reference the standard construction details for density test requirements for trenches at flexible pavement.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 27
Brick work
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 28
Setting out for brickwork Above figure elaborates how setting out lines should be marked for brickwork. Two offset lines should be marked on either sides of brick wall. When the wall plaster is done, correct measurements can be taken from those offset lines. 25 mm allowance should be left on both sides of a door or an opening.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 29
Construction of brick walls 1:5 cement sand mortar was used here. 225 mm thick walls were constructed in English bond and 112.5 mm thick walls in stretcher bond. Concrete floor was wetted with water before laying bricks. Column surfaces that contact with brick wall were chipped and a grout paste was applied on that. Verticality of brick wall should be checked while constructing. Mortar layers should be 10 mm in thickness but practically it was higher than that. That causes to over consumption of cement and sand as I studied in my work study on brick work. The walls will be carried out uniformly in all cases where the mature of the work admits it. The work will not be built higher than 1.5m in a day. The courses will be kept perfectly horizontal and every course will be checked for level and plump.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 30
Construction of columns Setting out for columns Setting out for columns was done using theodolite and steel tape. Marking lines was done using marking chord. It is very important to set out columns accurately otherwise they can be buckle or fail due to excentric loads applied on them.
Laying kickers After setting out was done, kickers were laid in to 75 mm thickness. Steel kicker boxes or plywood sheet boxes were used for its formwork. Grade 40 concrete was used there. Curing kickers should be done at least for 7 days. Reinforcement for columns
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 31
Concerting columns Existing surface of concrete should be made rough in order to have strong bond between newly concreted part and older part. Existing surface was also wet with grout for same purpose. Concreting was done using grade 25 machine-mixed concrete. Since free fall
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 32
Striking column formwork & curing Column formwork was removed after a day (24 hr) from concreting. Then curing was done for 7 days applying moist gunny bags.
Construction of beams and slab Setting out for beams & slab
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 33
Formwork for beam & Slab Beam and column formwork was fixed using plywood sheets, 2 x 2 wooden bars, galvanized iron pipes, separates, p-cones and form ties. Props were placed at 600 mm x 600 mm distances to support beam and slab formwork. A U-head was placed on each prop and then galvanized iron pipes were laid horizontally and tied them. Power saw was used for cutting plywood sheets and then fixed side boards for beams and formwork for slab. Verticality of side boards and dimensions of formworks should be checked. Painting form oil was done on formwork. Form ties, P-cones and separates were placed at 600 mm distance, after laying reinforcement.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 34
Slab & beam reinforcement; Stop board is set at 2/3 of span and sponge sheets are used for prevent leakage.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 35
Level check of slab & beams Leveling the slab and beam formwork should be done after laying reinforcement. Although slab and beams were fixed to right level, it can be deviated due to loads applied and exposure to bad weather conditions. Level check is done using level instrument and inverted staff. According to the figure 2.2, Instrument reading = b Then, 1000 mm + a + b = (floor to floor height) - (thickness of plywood sheet) + 5 mm b = [(floor to floor height) - (thickness of plywood sheet) + 5 mm- (1000 mm+ a)] Jacks are tightened and loosen until slab and beams are leveled (until value b is achieved). 5-mm clearance is left to be settled when laying concrete.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 36
The striking time of formwork depends on type of cement, grade of concrete, dimension of the section and the temperature of the concrete. High striking time requires in cold weather. Minimum striking time for side formwork of beams, under side formwork of slabs according to its span is mentioned in table 2.1. Curing was done for slab and beams for 7 days using moist gunny bags.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 37
Slab formwork above 4.5 m span & under side of beams up to 6 m span Under sides of beams and arches over 6 m and up to 9 m span Cantilever slab and beams
14 days
21 days
21 days
Safety Procedures
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 38
In the site there were workers with different educational and social levels. Sometimes they got quick decisions which create huge accidents. An accident is an unpredictable event or steps of events, with a result of a personal injury or property damage. The situations and places which essential to insert risk analysis can be listed as follows. It is the responsibility of the safety management board to minimize the risks of this kind of situations. 1. Working at high places or confined places 2. Falling objects from high places 3. Working with fire 4. Preparing for a blasting operation 5. Working on temporary scaffolds and platforms 6. Using temporary access and ladders 7. Operating machinery with temporary electrical installations 8. Places of excavation
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 39
General site rules Persons under 18 years old should not be employed in the site
At the site all the persons should wear safety helmets and other personal
protective equipments Any person who enter to the site without permissions, is not allowed No allowance to enter into confined places in the site without permissions Using of alcohol, drugs are prohibited in the site The working place and the environment should be cleaned All persons in the site have same right to report any accidents, incidents or unsafe conditions immediately
There were specific safety rules for special works like fire work, electrical work, scaffolding work, welding work, machinery work, marine work, and works of confined
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 40
1. Safety helmet All the persons who entered into the site and working areas should wear as a protection against injuries to head from falling objects. 2. Eye goggles It should be wear in the process of material grinding, chipping, and breaking. 3. Ear protectors Ear protectors should be worn when participate the noisy operations above 85 dB 4. Safety shoes Safety shoes and boots should be worn when instances like slab concreting is going on, as the cement can adversely affect the human skin, when walking on grounds having harmful particles such as unwanted nails, parts of steel bars etc. 5. Reflective vests
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 41
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 42
Financial Procedures
The financial procedure Of Sanken Lanka development project is Measure and Pay method. They measure the quantities according to the standard drawings and pay money according to the unit rates in BOQ. I also involved in calculating quantities by referring relevant drawings. The financial procedure of Tank farm project which is a simultaneous project of and construction is Lump-sum method.
Financial matters were mainly conducted by store keeper under the inspection of site engineer. Payments for sub contractors Work done by each sub contractor is measured and quantities are calculated. Prepared bill for that quantity is sent to the base office and payment is done by the base office. Petty cash payment Expenditure for daily conduct of site is recorded and cash float is sent to base office with bills. Generally cash float is sent when cumulative cost reaches to Rs. 25,000. Then the payment is done from the base office.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 43
Backhoe loader Backhoe loader is a most commonly used engineering vehicle which can be used for excavation of soil, light transportation of material, breaking asphalt etc. It consists of a shovel in front side and a back hoe in back side. At work sites where I worked we hired backhoe loaders when they were needed. Concrete mixer Concrete mixer is used to combine cement, water, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate to form concrete. It is a portable machine driven by a diesel engine. Concrete mixer contains of a revolving drum to mix components. Generally cement of one cement bag with aggregate and water in relevant proportions could be mixed in one turn to be well mixed. Vibrating rammer Vibrating rammer is usually used for compact soil in small scale. The base plate at the bottom vibrates when operating.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 44
Vibrating rammer
Plate vibrator Plate vibrator also used for compaction. But it doesnt give heavy compaction strength as vibrating rammer
Angle grinder Angle grinder can be practically used for many purposes such as grinding surfaces, cutting steel bars, cutting tiles, wire brushing etc
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 45
Plate vibrator
Electric drill Electric drill contains of removable bit from which drilling can be done. This can be used for drill wood, concrete etc. Bits can be fixed according to the purpose.
Electric drill
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 46
Bar cutter Bar cutter is also an electric machine from which steel bars can be cut efficiently.
Bar cutter Sander Wooden surfaces can be grinded using sander. This also is an electric machine.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 47
Sander
Field Tests
a) Slump Test The slump test was conducted to examine the workability of the concrete in fresh stages. As the apparatus for the test, a conical shaped mould and a tamping rod were used.
600mm Mould
300mm Plate
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
200mm
Page 48
The concrete was poured into the mould in three layers and 25 blows were applied for each layer using the tamping rod. Then the mould was removed and let to concrete behave itself. Then the decrease in the height of the center of the slumped concrete was measured to nearest 5 mm as the slump value. According to the shape of the concrete after removing the mould the slump was called as a true slump, shear slump and collapsed slump.
Laboratory Tests
There were several tests in the site laboratory which were done by the contractors engineers.
a) Cube crushing Casting tests cubes were conducted also in site laboratory at least one sets of cubes for each continuous operation and any event of concreting more than 75 m3. I examined the casting of cubes using vibrators. The moulds of 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm were used for casting cubes and vibrating period was 60 s for one set. Six cubes were
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering Higher National Diploma in Civil
The testing of cubes was carried out after 7 days and 28 days of casting using Cube Testing Machine and with software called Super Test 5. Using the software is very convenience to get results quickly and accurately. It shows a relevant graph of Time Vs Applied load for each cube. And it also clearly indicates the crushing point of the cube. As the results we can obtain the force applied (kN), force applying rate (kN/s), strength of the concrete cube (MPa) and average strength.
Concrete Core Testing The Concrete Core Testing is done if there was an unexpected failure in test cubes without reaching the required strength. Cylindrical core specimen with a diameter of 100mm and a depth of 100 mm are taken out from the hardened concrete of relevant location. And it is examined and tested by engineers.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 50
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 51
Concrete curing
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 52
Page 53
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 54
Concrete chipping
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 55
Page 56
Weather Main problem sites was flood and heavy rain. Sometimes we couldnt even reach to the site due to flood.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 57
Lack of labors Lack of subcontractors skill Design changes Additional works / Quantity variation Unclear site drawings supplied to the contractor Lack of labor Absence of consultants site staff. Lack of experience on the part of the consultant.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 58
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 59
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 60
CONCLUSION In retrospection of past 4 months when I had industrial training I think it was a precious era of my life. I was involved in three construction sites during the industrial training period. I think each and every thing that I gathered there widened my knowledge and also my experiences. I could realize the worth of practical knowledge against theoretical knowledge. As it is not worthwhile theoretical knowledge without practical experiences, it is also not worthwhile practical experiences without theoretical knowledge. There must be a good combination of both those aspects to be a good civil engineer. Being exposed to supervision of works done at site, doing setting outs etc, I could grasp many things regarding technical side. I also could get a good practice on using theodolite and level instrument. Labour management at site and work studies improved the management skills in to a considerable state. I could recognize many people in the industry and also could realize the roles played by persons from upper levels to the lower level of organization structure. I noticed about the duties and responsibilities of each personnel in organization structure. I observed the conduct of them, how they motivate personnel under them and how they carry out works. Those good features may cherish my future career. Getting an idea about site engineers role was important to me since I didnt have a clear idea about that before. Training site was a pleasant place for me since all the staff members treated me in a friendly manner. The establishment denoted a good attitude on trainees. Site engineers gave me valuable advices and helped to widen my knowledge. Work supervisors also helped to gather experiences on technical aspects. Works that were given to me were interesting. I was given freedom to learn there. It was trainees responsibility to get maximum use of training period. Considering my own experiences, I recommend Sanken construction (Pvt) Ltd as a good training establishment for future trainees.
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 61
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 62
REFERENCE Contract Document of the project Method Statements Drawings Official web page of Sanken construction (Pvt) Ltd Official web page of On three20 Official web page of Isuru Engineering (Pvt) Ltd Lecture Notes of Soil Mechanic
HND/CV/MT/02/24
Engineering
International College of Business and Technology
Page 63