kl/ro

pRr

kxf*L

Products

sf]

lhNnfx?df

s[lif,

nfOe:^s

tyf

hl*a'^L

Value Chain Development (VCD)

f/f

pTkfbgx?
cfo:t/

vf;u/L

a(fpg]

Niche
lbuf]

lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ ug]{ pB]Zon] Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf ;+rfng x'g]
pRr

kxf*

s[lif

Joj;fo

tyf

lhljsf]kf{hg

;'wf/

cfof]hgf

;+rfng

ug{

g]kfn

;/sf/ / Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s lar ;Demf}+tf eO{ ;+rfngdf cfPsf] % . of] cfof]hgf
;g 2011 df ;'? eO{ 2017 ;Dd ;+rfng x'g]% .
p@]Zo (Objective)
pRr

kxf*L

lhNnfx?df

cfo:t/

a(fpg]

lbuf]

lhljsf]kfh{g

;'wf/

ug]{

o;

cfof]hgfsf] nIo /x]sf] % .

ck]lIft pknAwLx? (Expected Outputs)
cfof]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogf/f pGgt pTkfbg k|ljlw, ahf/ / d'No clea[l$df
s[ifsJoj;foLpBdLx?sf]

!fg

kx'r

a[$L

eO{

pRr

kxf*df

s[lif

Joj;fosf]

Joj;flos ?kdf lbuf] ljsf; x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] % .

cfof]hgf nfu' x'g] If]q tyf lhNnfx?

of]

cfof]hgf

k"jf{`rndf

;+v'jf;ef

;f]n'v'Dj',

dWodf`rndf

bf]nvf

/;'jf,

klZrdf`rndf dgf~ / d':tf~, dWoklZrdf`rndf *f]Nkf, d'u', h'Dnf / x'Dnf u/L

10 lhNnfx?df nfu' x'g]% .

cfof]hgf

lhNnf

aflx/sf

;d'xJoj;foLpBdLn]

klg

cfof]hgf

cGtu{tsf

lhNnfdf

pTkfbg x'g] a:t'x? k|of]u u/L ;+sng, k|zf]wg tyf Aofkf/ ug{ rfx]df jf cfof]hgf
cGtu{tsf lhNnfdf pTkfbg x'g] cfof]hgfn] ;d]^g] a:t'x?sf] nflu lap, g:n h:tf
a:t'x? cfk"lt{ jf s/f/ v]tL u/L cfof]hgf cGtu{tsf pRr kxf*L lhNnfdf nfe x'g
;Sg] Joj;fo ug{ rfx]df Mountain agribusiness development component df ;xefuL
x'g ;Sg] k|fjwfg % .
cfof]hgfsf sDkf]g]G^;\ (Project Components)
pRr kxf* s[lif Joj;fo ljsf; -High Mountain agribusiness development),
>[vnf

Ifdtf

ljsf;

-Value chain capacity development) /

cfof]hgf

d'No

JoJ:yfkg

(Project management) u/L o; cfof]hgfsf ltgjf]^f Components x'g]%g\ .

cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog Joj:yf (Implementation Arrangement)
s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno cfof]hgfsf] Executive Agency (EA) / kz' ;]jf ljefu
o;sf] Implementing Agency xf] . cfof]hgfsf] Agribusiness Development component sf]
sfo{Gjog OsfO{ s[lif pBd s]Gb| ;d]t xf] . cfof]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{gjogsf] nflu
gLlt lgb]{zg, ;'emfj, ;Nnfxf Pjd\ dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug{ Project Steering Committee
x'g]% .
s]Gb|df

kz'

;]jf

ljefu

cGtu{t

cfof]hgf

JoJ:yfkg

sfo{no

/xg]%

(PMU)

cfof]hgfsf] b'j} Components sf] overall lhDd]jf/L oxL lgsfo x'g]% . cfof]hgf nfu'
x'g] k|To]s lhNnfdf sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf lhNnf s[lif
ljsf; sfof{nonfO{ lhNnf k|f]h]S^ sf]cl*{g]^/sf] lhDd]jf/L lbOg]% . If]lqo kz' ;]jf
lgb]{zgfnon] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug]{%g\ . cfof]hgfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug{
cfjZos laz]if!k/fdz{bftf pknAw u/fOg] / lhNnfdf NGO ;]jf pknAw ul/g]% .
pRr kxf* s[lif Joj;fo ljsf; -High Mountain agribusiness development)
cfof]hgfsf] klxnf] Component cGtu{t s[ifs ;d'x, ;xsf/L, s[lif Joj;foL ;+# ;+:yf
nufot

lglh

Ifqsf]

;xsfo{df

Agribusiness Development)

sf]

pRr
nflu

kxf*df
cfof]hgfsf]

s[lif
k|d'v

Joj;fo

ljsf;

nufgL

/xg]%

(Mountain
.

Joj;fo

kl/of]hgf tof/ tyf sfo{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug{ pBf]u afl)fho dxf;+# cGtu{t s[lif
pBd s]Gb|n] sfo{Gjog lgsfosf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{% / o; Joj;fo ljsf;nfO{ ;xh
agfpg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf kl/rfng tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]% . cfof]hgfsf]
k|d'v nufgL x'g] o; Component cGtu{t 6 aif{df 18 ldlnog 742 xhf/ *n/

a/fj/sf] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg / 2=6 *n/ k|j${gfTds sfo{df u/L 21=35 ldlnog
*n/ a/fj/ o; sDkf]g]G^df nufgL x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] % .
cfof]hgfsf] o; component sf] sfo{Gjog ;Gbe{df ;xefuL tyf ;xsfo{ ug{ k]z
ePsf k|:tfjx?nfO{ lgwfl/t dfkb)*sf cfwf/df lgikIf %gf]^ ug{ PMU f/f :jtGq
Grant Assessment Committee (GAC) sf]

Aoa:yf

ul/g]%

o;

cfofhgfdf

dlxnf,

hghftL tyf k%f*L k/]sf] ju{nfO{ k|yldStfsf ;fy ;dfj]z ug]{ Aoa:yf % .
%gf]^ ul/Psf a:t'd'No >[vnf
s[lif Joj;fo ljsf;sf] nflu Stakeholder-consultations and workshops df PPTA Team n]
k|fKt u/]sf] Feedbacks and suggestions sf cfwf/df
kmnkm'n,

t/sf/L,

ljp,

hl*a'^L (MAPs), jg

k}bfj/,

pmg, ofs lrh / *]/L, df;',

s[lif-ko{^g

k|fyldStfdf

k/]sf

a:t';]jfx? x'g\ . o;sf] cnfjf dfu / cfaZoStf cg';f/ cGo a:t'x?sf] Value

k|zf]lwt tyf ck|zf]lwt b'j} k|sf/sf

s[lif pTkfbg, a:t'efp, lbuf] ;fd'bflos ag, ;'ulGwt tyf cf}iflwhGo ag:klt (NTFP) sf]
u'0f:t/, d"No, k|efjsf/L ahf/Ls/0f, pTkfbg kl5sf] Joj:yfkg, gof+ pTkfbgsf] ljsf;, a|fG8 kl/ro ;lxtsf] pTkfbg_ nufot pRr d"Nosf pTkfbgsf] ljsf; ug{ ;s]df o; If]qdf k|;:t
cjz/x /x]sf 5g\ . o; kl/of]hgfn] s[lifJoj;fo / ahf/sf] dfunfO{ klxrfg u/]sf] 5 h;n]
lxdfnL If]qsf] s[lif, a:t'efp tyf aghGo pTkfbgsf] ljsf;df g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf v]Ng]5 .
cfof]hgfn] plNnlvt Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf] nflu cg'bfgsf] Aoa:yf u/]sf] 5 .
Chain Development klg cfof]hgfn] ;d]^\g ;Sg]% .

pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo ljsf; sfo{qmddf s[lif pBd s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L
pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo ljsf; (High Mountain Agribusiness Development Component)
cg'?ksf pknAwLx? xfl;n ug{ s]Gb|n] cfof]hgf ;~rflnt lhNnfx?df Joj;flos ?kdf
;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfx?, s[lif d"No >[+vnf -Agricultural Value Chains) sf
Joj;flos kfqx?, / s[lif Joj;fo, pTkfbs / ahf/ Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ pRr kxf8L pTkfbgsf]
ahf/ Aoj:yfkg u/fpg ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug]{ 5 .
s]Gb|n] l6sfp / lbuf] Joj;fo of]hgf th'{df tyf ahf/sf pTkfbg tyf ljt/0fsf dfWodx?sf]
ljsf; ug{ s[ifs ;d"x, lghL s[lif Joj;foL / s[lifhGo a:t'sf] d"No >[+vnf ;]jfsf
Joj;foLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{5 . cfjZos kmd]{6sf] 9fFrfdf s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg lgj]bgsf] nflu
cfjZos sfuhft tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{5 . cfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg OsfO{sf ;Nnfxsf/ tyf
lhNNff u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] lgs6 k/dz{df / ;+u;+u} ldn]/ sfd u/L cg'bfg /sdsf] sfof{Gjog
u/fpg] 5 .

s_

v_

u_

3_

r_

5_

cfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg OsfO{n] k|To]s lhNnfdf s]|Gb| tyf lhNnf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{,
cfof]hgf k|aw{gsf nflu z'?jft cleofg tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf;+u ;"rgf k|jfx u/fpg]
sfo{sf] cu'jfO{ ug]{5 . h; cGt{ut ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ Joj;fo
of]hgf / s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg ;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg Joj;fo of]hgf sfo{zfnfsf]
cfof]hgf ug]{5 .
O{R5's ;d"xx? -h:t}M pg pTkfbs, aLp pTkfbs, cf}ifwLhGo tyf ;'ulGwt (Aromatic)
pTkfbs / Jofkf/Lx?_ sf] klxrfg e};s]kl5 lhNnf s[lif pBd s]Gb|sf lj1x?n] pTkflbt
a:t'sf] pTkfbgf]k/fGtsf lqmofsnfk, ljt/0f, d"No clea[lWb, / ahf/sf kfqx? /
cj;/sf] af/]df AofVof u/L lglZrt d"No >[+vnfsf] hfgsf/L rfxg] lhNnf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf, ;d"x / AolQmnfO{ d"No >[+vnf k|s[ofsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|:t't ug]{5g .
s]Gb|n] s[lif Jofj;fo tyf s[lif Joj;fosf] l6sfp Joj;flos of]hgf vf; u/L
ahf/Ls/0f, cfly{s tyf vl/b k|s[of of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;d"xx?nfO{ dfu{ k|bz{g tyf
;Nnfx pknAw u/fpg]5 .
lhNnf tyf If]lqo lj1x?n] pTkfbg cufl8 / k5fl8sf Joj;fo ;+hfn (Forward and
backward business linkages)sf] ;'b[l9s/0f ug{ / Joj;fo of]hgfdf ahf/sf cfwf/e"t
tTjx?sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ s]Gb|sf] ;+hfnsf] k|of]u ug]{5g\ .
s]Gb|n] pTkfbs ;d"x, s[lif Joj;fo / cfof]hgfsf] bf];|f] c+u -Ifdtf ljsf;_ cGtu{t
:t/f]GgtL ePsf s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno cGtu{tsf kmfd{ tyf cg';Gwfg ljr
;/sf/LlghL;fem]bf/L k|aGwsf] ljsf;df ;xlhs/0f ug]{5 . o; k|s[ofdf u'7Lrf}/sf]
pg k|zf]wg / Ps Kofls, /flhsf]6df aLp ;kmfO{, Kofls / k|df0fLs/0f, h'Dnfsf] vfB
k|ljlw tyf u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f s]Gb|sf] kmnkm"n k|zf]wg tyf u'0f:t/ Aoj:yfkg, dfkmf{sf]
kmnkm"n k|zf]wg tyf pTkfbgf]k/fGtsf lqmofsnfk / :ofaf]r]df rf}/L / 3fF;sf]
Aoj:yfkg nufotsf lqmofsnfk ;+nUGf ul/g]5 .
s]Gb|n] pRr kxf8L s[lif pTkfbgdf Joj;flos rfxgf ePsf cfof]hgf eGbf aflx/sf
s[lif Jofkf/L tyf pTkfbsx?sf] nflu cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo tyf ;]jfx?sf af/]df hfgsf/L
u/fpg sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;~rfng ug]{5 . s]Gb|n] 7"nf s[lif Joj;fo;+u
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Joj;flos of]hgf tof/L tyf s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg lgj]bg tof/ ug{
;xof]u ug]{5, h:df cfof]hgf lhNnfdf x'g] Jofkfl/s nufgL, /f]huf/L, / s[ifs tyf
Joj;foL ;+:yf;+u x'g] ;Demf}tf, ;fdfu|L cfk"lt{, pTkfbg, u'0f:t/ Aoj:yfkg, pTkfbg
;+sng, oftoft tyf ljt/0f / ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu ;lqmo?kdf k|f]T;fxg tyf
dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{5 .
hj s'g} ;d"x, s[lif Joj;foLn] Joj;fo ljsf;sf cfjZostfx?sf] klxrfg u/L Joj;fo
of]hgf tof/ ub{5g ta lhNnf s[lif pBd s]Gb|sf lj1x?n] pgLx?nfO{ s[lif Jofkf/

`_
6_

cg'bfg lgj]bgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ Joj;flos of]hgf, vl/b k|s[of / cfly{s ljj/0fx?
tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{5g .
s]Gb|sf lj1n] Jofkf/ of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/fpg Joj;flos ;d"x AolQm ;+:yfnfO{
cfjZostf cg';f/ k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] 5g\ .
s]Gb|n] lhNnf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
;xof]udf cfof]hgf cjlwdf !) lhNnfdf u/L %% j6f / If]lqo :t/sf $ If]qdf u/L @)
jf]6f d]nf ;~rfng ug]{5 .

cfj]bs, ;Nnfxsf/ tyf d"Nofg stf{xsf] nflu cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L

lxdfnL s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfgsf] p2]Zo M
o; pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgf cGt/utsf If]qdf ;fdflhs
kdf nfebfos Pjd\ jftfj/0fd}qL cfly{s ljsf; tyf /f]huf/Lsf cjz/x a[l4 ug]{
s[lifJoj;fo hGo ultljlwsf] ljsf; ;~rfng ug]{ of]Uo cfj]bsxsf nflu cg'bfg pknJw
x'g]5 .
cfj]bsn] of]hgf ul/Psf] Joj;fosf] ljsf;df nfUg] s'n vr{sf] a9Ldf *) ;Dd lxdfnL
kl/of]hgf cGt/ut cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 . cfj]bsn] gub, ;fdu|L jf >d u/]/ slDtdf
@) vr{ nufpg' kg]{5 . kl/of]hgfn] cd]l/sL 8n/ #!@% -nueu g]=?= @#$,#&%_ ;Ddsf
of]hgfnfO{ ;fgf Joj;fosf] kdf lng]5 . cg'bfgsf] al9df cd]l/sL 8n/ @%),))) ;Dd
x'g]5 .
Joj;fo ljsf;sf]
hDdf nfut
cg'bfg k|sf/
/sd
-cd]l/sL 8n/df_
Go"gtd cg'bfg
nfut #!@%
tx !sf] cg'bfg (Level 1 Grant) Nfut %),))) jf
%),))) 8n/eGbf sd nfut ;f] eGbf sd

cg'bfg

Joj;fost{fsf] nufgL

/sd

-cd]l/sL 8n/df_
@%))
*)
$),))) jf ;f] *)
eGbf sd

/sd

-cd]l/sL 8n/df_
^%)
@)
!),))) jf ;f] @)
eGbf sd

nfut
%),))) $),))) ;lxt %)
%),))) 8n/eGbf a9L nfut eGbf a9L
%),)))
eGbf
ePsf] Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf] nflu
dflysf] nfutdf
%)
clwstd\ cg'bfg

@%),)))

!),)))
;lxt %)
%),)))
eGbf
dflysf] nfutdf
%)

ePsf] Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf] nflu

tx @ sf] cg'bfg

(Level 2 Grant)

s[lif Joj;fo 5gf}6sf] cfwf/

!=

of]Uo cfj]bsx
lxdfnL If]qsf] s[lifhGo pTkfbgdf cfwfl/t Joj;fo ePsf] sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt -btf{_
ePsf1 s[ifsxsf] ;d"x, ;xsf/L tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx h;dfM pRr d"Nosf pkhsf]
pTkfbg, kz'hGo pTkfbg, cf}iflwhGo tyf ;'ulGwt ag:klt (MAPs) k|zf]wg, d"No
clea[l4 ug]{ (Value adding), pk/f]Qm pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0f tyf ljt/0f Pjd\
s[lif;fdlu|sf] cfk"lt{, kz'af6 9'jfgL ug{] ;]jf / s[lifko{6g .
o:tf] Joj;fo kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{If]q aflx/ klg x'g ;Sg]5 t/ k|Ztfljt cg'bfg pQm
If]qsf] s[lif Joj;fodf s;/L k|of]u x'g]5 egL b]vfpg' kg]{5 -pbfx/0fsf] nfluM kl/of]hgf
If]qdf ;+sng jf k|;f]wg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{, pNn]vgLo ;+Vofdf cfk"lt{stf{ jf sfdbf/x
kl/of]hgf If]qaf6 lng s/f/ ul/Psf], pNn]vgLo dfqfdf sRrf kbfy{x kl/of]hgf
If]qaf6 vl/b ul/Psf]_ .
btf{jfnf ;fd'bflos ag ;d"x tyf rl/r/0fsf ;d"x .
g]kfnL sDkgL P]g cg';f/ s[lif Joj;fo ug]{ u/L ;+:yfkgf ePsf kmd{ h;sf] cf}krfl/s
s/f/ jf pRr lxdfnL If]qaf6 l;wf cfk"lt{ ;~hfn ePsf] .
slDtdf % hgf sfdbf/x /x]sf lxdfnL kl/of]hgf lhNnfsf JolQmut Jofj;flos
JolQm -a}wflgs kdf :yfoL n]vf g+=s/ g+= ePsf_ .
s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno, lxdfnL kl/of]hgf tyf o;nfO{ s/f/ adf]lhd ;]jf k|bfg ug]{
/ ltgsf kl/jf/ eg] cfj]bg ug{ cof]Uo x'g]5g\ .

@=

cg'bfgsf] nflu cfj]bg ug{ of]Uo s[lifJoj;fo / Ef}flts ;+/rgfx?

tn plNnlvt s[lifJoj;fo / Ef}flts ;+/rgfx? lxdfnL kl/of]hgf cGt/ut of]Uo x'g
;Sg] cfj]bgx?sf pbfx/0fx x'g\ M
pTkfbg, k|;f]wg, d"No clea[l4 tyf lxdfnL If]qsf k"0f{ k|;f]lwt ;fdlu|xsf] pTkfbg,
;+sng, e08f/0f, auL{s/0f, u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg, ljt/0fsf nflu Kofls tyf ahf/Ls/0f,
s[lif pTkfbg / x:tsnfsf ;fdfg Pjd\ k|fs[lts >f]t;fwgsf] cg'ejdf cfwfl/t ko{6g
;lxtsf] :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] vfBkbfy{ pknJw u/fpg] s[lif ko{6g,
lxdfnL kl/of]hgf lhNnfxaf6 s[lif pTkfbgx ;+sng tyf lgsf;L ug]{ ;'ljwf, Pjd\
kz'f/f ul/g] 9'jfgL ;]jf nufot ;f] qmddf ug'{kg]{ e08f/0fsf ;'ljwfx,

sDklg P]g, @)^#, ;xsf/L P]g, @)$*, ;+:yf btf{ P]g, @)#$, k|fOe]6 kmd{ /lhi6]zg P]g, @)!$, ;fem]bf/L P]g, @)@) cGt/ut btf{ ePsf] x'g' kg]{ .

 af6f]sf] 6ofs, sNe{6, s[lifJoj;fosf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos ePsf tyf ltgsf]
lgdf{0fdf ;DalGwt s[ifsxsf];d]t nufgL x'g] 5f]6f af6fx -pbfx/0fsf] nfluM
;j{;fwf/0fsf] nflu 6ofs jf af6f] xf]Og_
btf{jfnf s[ifs ;d"xsf] :jfdLTj, Joj:yfkg, tyf dd{t;Def/sf] lhDdfdf /xg] ;fgf
l;+rfO tyf aiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng ug]{ sfo{x,
g;{/L, ;fd'bflos agsf] nflu ;fgf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f tyf /f]kg sfo{ ug]{ / kz'
rl/r/gsf ;|f]txsf] ljsf;, rl/r/gsf ;'ljwf nufot cf}iflwhGo Pjd\ ;'ulGwt
ag:kltx tyf sf7
#=

cg'bfgsf] lgldQ cof]Uo k|:tfjx?

hUuf vl/b tyf ef8fdf lng
Joj;fo ;~rfng tyf rfn'k'FhL
c;'/lIft nufgL
cWoog e|d0f

d"Nofg k|s[of
Jofj;flos of]hgf tyf cg'bfgsf cfj]bgx :jtGq cg'bfg d"Nofg ;d"x (Grant
Assessmeent Panel ) f/f ul/g]5, h;df Joj;fo ljsf;, cfly{s ljZn]if0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f,
;fdflhs tyf n}ls ljsf; nufot ;+:yfut ;';fzg ;DaGwL ljz]if1x /xg]5g\ . o:tf]
d"Nofg Jofj;flos of]hgfsf] ;DefJotf, lbuf]kg tyf k|efj, of]hgf tof/Ldf /x]sf] k"0f{tf tyf
u'0f:t/, pknJw k|df0f tyf sfuhftxdf /x]sf] k"0f{tfsf] cfwf/df x'g]5 .
b;xhf/ 8n/eGbf a9Lsf] cg'bfg dfu ul/Psf] cfj]bgsf] xsdf ;Dk"0f{ tYox ;+nUg x'g'
kg]{5, ;fy} cfj]bg 5gf}6sf] nflu tn lbOPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd plNnlvt ;Dk"0f{ 5fgljg tyf
d"Nofgsf r/0fx k"/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g' kg]{5 . o:tf] cfj]bsn] cfk"m ;Ifd 5' / Joj;fosf]
af/]df pTs[i7 hfgsf/L 5 eGg] b]vfpg' kg]{5 . lxdfnL If]qsf afl;Gbf tyf lxdfnL
s[lifJoj;fonfO{ kmfObf lbg]5 / To:tf] Joj;foaf6 s'g} ;fdflhs tyf jftj/0fLo gsf/fTds
k|efj kb}{g egL b]vfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] cfj]bg :jLs[t, c:jLs[t jf cfj]bs;+u yk hfgsf/L
pknJw u/fpg dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 .

cg'bfg ;Demf}tf tyf cg'bfg e'QmfgL

:jLs[t ePsf cg'bfgsf cfj]bg pk/, cg'bfg ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{ aGb]hx kfngf ug]{
u/L cfj]bs tyf kl/of]hgf b'j}nfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g] s/f/ ul/g]5 . zt{aGb]hxdf ls:tf
e'Qmflgsf] ;dotflnsf, cfj]bsn] ug'{kg]{ k|ltj]bg tyf ;f]sf] ;dfKtLsf] nflu rflxg] s'/fx /
cg'udg tflnsf nufotsf s'/fx pNn]v ul/g]5 . z'? ls:tf e'QmfgL x:tfIf/ ePsf] ;Demf}tf
k|fKt ePkl5 cfj]bsn] tf]s]sf] a}Fsdf hDdf ul/g]5 . clGtd ls:tfsf] e'QmfgL cfj]bsn]
;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ k"/f u/]sf] egL kl/of]hgf lgb]{zs ;Gt'i6 ePkl5 dfq ul/g]5 .
s[lifJoj;fo cg'bfg cfj]bgsf] nflu cfjZos s'/fx tyf lgb]{zgx? M
Jofj;flos of]hgf tyf cg'bfg cfj]bgsf] p2]Zo lgDg ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg' xf]M
;+:yf -cfj]bs_sf] a}wflgs cj:yf tyf o;n] :yfgLo Pjd\ /fli6o lgod sfg'g kfngf
u/]sf] eGg] k|df0f,
Joj;fosf] ;DefJotf d"Nofg, kl/of]hgfsf] :yfgLo If]qsf] jftfj/0f tyf hgtfdf
k/]sf] k|efjsf] hfgsf/L,
cg'bfg ;xof]u vr{ ug{ k|:tfljt lzif{s cg'?ksf] ljj/0f .
s[lif Joj;fosf ;a} cfj]bsxn] lgDg hfgsf/Lx pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 M
!=
Joj;fo jf JolQmut btf{, a}wflgs cj:yf
!=! Joj;fosf] ;+/rgf -9fFrf_ -;+:yflkt ;d"x, ;xsf/L, sDkgL, cflb_
!=@ Joj;fosf] 7]ufgf -:yfg tyf ;Dks{ ljj/0f_
!=# d'Vo lhDd]jf/ JolQm-x_sf] gfd tyf ;Dks{ ljj/0f
!=$ s/ btf{ g+=-kfg g++=_
!=% a}+s vftf ljj/0f -a}+s, hDdf ug{sf] nflu vftf g+=, 7]ufgf_
!=^ hUufsf] :jfdLTjsf] k|df0f -btf{, :jfdLTj, ef8fdf jf pkef]u ug]{ clwsf/_
@=

Joj;fosf] of]hgf
@=! pTkfbg of]hgf pTkfbgsf] ljj/0f / of] s;/L pTkfbg ul/G5 lbg'xf];\ .
@=!=! ;]jf jf pTkfbgsf] ljj/0f lbg'xf];\,
@=!=@ pTkfbg k|s[of, d]lzg cf}hf/, rlxg] ;]jf ;'ljwf / nfUg] >dsf] ljj/0f
-clgjfo{M jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf_

@=@

@=#

@=$

@=%

@=!=# aflif{s kdf cfjZos sRrf kbfy{ tyf cGo ;fdu|Lsf] kl/0ffd tyf
;|f]tx -lg/Gt/ cfk"lt{, u'0f:t/ tyf ;'/Iff k|s[of ;d]t_
@=!=@ aflif{s pTkfbg kl/0ffd
ahf/Ls/0f of]hgf pTkfbg s;/L laqmL ul/g]5, ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ .
@=@=! ljqmL of]hgf -Oltxf; tyf k"jf{g'dfg_
@=@=@ vl/bstf{xM ljj/0f, :yfg jf If]q, cj:yf -olsg eO;s]sf] jf ;DefJo_
@=@=# ljt/0f k|s[of jf k4lt
@=@=$ d"No of]hgf
@=@=% k|ltikwf{sf]nflu /0fgLlt -k|ltiklw{ pTkfbg / Joj;fo, u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg,
leGgtf jf ljlzli6s/0f_
Joj:yfkg of]hgf Joj;fosf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ;~rfng ul/G5 pNn]v
ug'{xf];\
@=#=!= Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf -Joj:yfkgsf pRr txdf /xg]xsf] gfd, kb /
e"ldsfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f_
@=#=@= >ldsx -sfo{ljj/0f, k"0f{sflng tyf cf+lzs sfo{ ug{]M clgjfo{ zt{ M
:yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ /f]huf/Ldf nufpg] of]hgf_
@=#=#= k/fdz{bftf tyf ;Demf}tfsf/Lxsf] >f]t -cfjZos ePdf_
@=#=$= ;fd'bflos k/dz{M clgjfo{ -cfj]bsn] Joj;fo;+u hf]l8Psf, jf To:tf]
Joj;foaf6 c;/ kg]{x;+u sDtLdf Pp6f a}7s cfof]hgf ug'{kg]{, To:tf]
a}7sdf ;+nUg ePsfxn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] dfOGo'6 cfj]bg;fy clgjfo{
kdf ;+nUg ug'{kg]{5 ._
@=#=%= kl/kfng -of]hgf jf cGo lgodgsf/L lgsfoaf6 Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{
tyf ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ :jLs[t u/]sf] cg'dlt -Ohfht_kq jf
cGo lnlvt k|df0fx
cfly{s of]hgf Jo;fosf] cfly{s cj:yfsf] ljj/0f lbg'xf];\M
@=$=!= ;DklQsf] ljj/0fkq -clgjfo{ zt{ M Joj;fo /xg] If]qsf] hUufsf] :jfdLTj,
ef8f jf a}wflgs kdf k|of]u ug{ kfPsf] k|df0f_
@=$=@= bfloTjsf] ljj/0f
@=$=#= cd]l/sL 8n/ @,%)) b]lv !),))) ;Ddsf] k|:tfjM Go'gtd gub k|jfx
ljj/0f
@=$=$= cd]l/sL 8n/ !),))) eGbf dflysf]M gfkmf gf]S;fg vftf, jf;nft,
cfly{s k|If]k0f -slDtdf % aif{sf]_
of]hgfa4 Joj;fo ljsf; of]hgf / ljsf;sf] nflu nfUg] vr{sf] ljj/0f
lbg'xf];\

@=%=!= Joj;fo ljsf; of]hgfsf] ljj/0f lbg'xf];\

@=%=@= of]hgf cg';f/sf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ vf; k|sf/sf j:t'x vf; u/]/ pTkfbgsf] nflu rflxg] ;'ljwf tyf cf}hf/x_
@=%=#= vl/b ul/g] ;fdu|L tyf ;]jfsf] nflu, rflxPsf] ljj/0f -:k]l;lkms];g_ df
cfwfl/t # j6f d"No clt sf]6]zg
@=%=$= d"No / ljQ ljj/0fM of]hgf ul/Psf] Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos
kg]{ ;j} a:t' jf zLif{s} lkR5]sf] d"No tyf ;f]sf] ljQLo ;|f]t -pbfx/0fsf]
nflu Joj;fosf] dflns, s[lifJoj;fo cg'bfg_. olb Joj;fon] a}+saf6
;fk6 lng' kg]{ xf] eg], a}+sn] k|bfg u/]sf] kq clgjfo{ kdf ;fd]n ug'{
kg]{5 .
cg'bfg cfj]bg ug{sf] nflu vr{ ljj/0fsf] pbfx/0f M
lzif{s

hDdf nfut

pbfx/0f !M
%,)))
h'; agfpg d]l;g
pbfx/0f @M
!),)))
sf/vfgf ejg
lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
:jo+sf] >d
OlGhlgo/
/
lgdf{0f
ug]{
7]sbf/
hDdf
!%,)))

ljQLo;|f]t
Aoj;foLsf] nfut
a:t' cg';f/
/sd
)
)
#)))

%
)

s[lifJoj;fosf] cg'bfg ;xof]u

a:t' cg';f/
/sd
%
%,)))
%,))) !))

#)

)
#,)))
)

&,)))

&)

!@,)))

*)

#,)))
#,)))
!,)))

#,)))

@)

cfj]bs, ;Nnfxsf/ tyf d"Nofgstf{sf nflu lgb]{lzsf tyf cfj]bg gd'gf

-s_ jftfj/0fLo d"Nofg k/LIf0f ;"rL tyf Joj:yfkg of]hgf
cfj]bsn] jftfj/0fLo d"Nofg k/LIf0f ;"rL tyf Joj:yfkg of]hgf e/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .
hf]lvdM jftfj/0fdf s'g} k|efj kfg]{ hf]lvd 5 eg] cfj]bsn] 5 df lrGx nufpg' kg]{5 .
c;/sf] dfqf M olb To:tf] kfg]{ c;/sf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug{ g;lsg] k|sl[ tsf] 5 eg]
Go'gtd\, dWod jf clwstd\ s]xf] pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
Joj:yfkg of]hgfM o;df Joj;fon] kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efj x6fpg ul/Psf sfo{xsf]
ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ . cfj]bsn] d"NofgnfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s lng' kg]{5 / ;Totfk"j{s pQ/ lbg' kg]{5 .

of] Joj:yfkg of]hgf cg'bfg ;Demf}tfdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5, To;}n] cfj]bs o; adf]lhdsf]
Joj:yfkg ug{ / ;f]sf] nflu nfUg] vr{ Joxf]g{ tof/ x'g' kb{5 . olb kl/of]hgfsf] cg'udgsf]
bf}/fgdf hf]lvd d"Nofg e'mf b]lvP jf Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfo{fGjog gul/Psf] kfOPdf cg'bfg
g} lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;Defljt jftfj/0fLo hf]lvdx?
5
s] Joj;fosf] If]q glhs} jftfj/0f
;+j]bgzLn If]q h:t} /fli6o lgs'~h jf
cf/If kb{5 <
lgdf{0f cj:yfdf
lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lxsf] k|flKt -9'f, u|fj]n,
jfn'jf, sf7_ n] jftfj/0fnfO{ xfgL ub{5 <
lgdf{0fsfo{sf] cNksflng k|efj -h:t}M
e':vng, hn tyf afo'sf] u'0f:t/ vl:sg],
lgdf{0f pks/0faf6 Wjlg tyf sDkg_
;~rfng cj:yfdf
k|zf]wgsf nflu k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|Ln] ubf{
jftfj/0fLo b'ik|efj

vkt x'g] bfp/f

k|of]u x'g] kfgL

k|of]u x'g] /f;folgs kbfy{

cGo
lgisf;g x'g] kmf]x/af6 kg]{ jftfj/0fLo
b'ik|efj

k|b"lift kfgL tyf cGo t/n kmf]x/

7f]; kmf]x/

/f;folgs kmf]x/, ldl>t kbfy{

Uof+; tyf b'u{GwhGo lgisf;g

cGo h:t}M lz;L, Koflssf

;fdu|Lx
hyfefjL cf}iflwhGo tyf ;'ulGwt
ag:kltx ;+sng jf wf+;]d}bfgdf
cTolws kz' r/gaf6 ag:klt pk/ x'g]
xfgL
kmf]x/ tyf d]l;g cf}hf/af6 lgisg]

5}g

c;/sf] dfqf

Joj:yfkg of]hgf

lgDg:t/sf] afo', Wjlg tyf b'u{Gwaf6

;fj{hlgs :jf:ydf kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvd
k]zfut :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff hf]lvd tyf
zf/Ll/s, /f;folgs Pjd\ h}ljs k|bi" f0fsf
sf/0fn] x'g] hf]lvd
k|zf]wg ug]{ OsfO{sf] ;~rfngn] ubf{
:yfgLo ;d'bfodf kg]{ -/f]huf/L u'Dg],
cfDbfgL 36\g]_ ;fdflhs k|efj

-v_ cfly{s ljj/0f

!=

!),))) cd]l/sL 8n/ eGbf sdsf] cfj]bgsf nflu

cfwf/e"t gubk|jfx ljj/0f

pTkfbg tyf ahf/Ls/0f of]hgfnfO{ d"Nodf kl/jt{g u/L cfwf/e"t gubk|jfx ljj/0fdf /x]sf]
aflif{s kl/df0fsf] :yfgdf pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 h;n] ubf{ laQLo of]hgf k|i6 / cGo laQLo
k|If]k0f;+u hf]l8P/ b]lvof];\ . nufgL tyf aflif{s vr{ ljj/0f o; ;"rLdf k"0f{ tyf kof{Kt kdf
b]lvg' Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .
kfgfsf] tn /x]sf] s'n aflif{s gubk|jfx cfGtl/s laQLo k|ltkmn b/ -Financial internal rate of
return (FIRR)_ sf] lx;fj ug{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5, t/ pTkfbg of]hgfdf b]vfOPsf] eP % aif{eGbf
a9L ;do rflxG5 -pbfx/0fsf] nflu a[Iff/f]k0f jf kz'xsf] k|hgg\_ .
plrt /]vb]vsf nflu 7"nf k|:tfjxsf] nflu lj:t[t ljQLo ljin]if0f cfjZos kg]{5 .

@=

cd]l/sL 8n/ !),))) eGbf a9Lsf] cfj]bgsf nflu

gfkmf / gf]S;fg vftf

gfkmf / gf]S;fg vftf cfwf/e"t gub k||jfx ljj/0faf6 ;lhn} tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df s/
tyf x|f; hf]8\g] -o;n] s/df c;/ kfb{5 / jf;nftdf;d]t cfjZos kb{5_ / C0fsf] Jofh

cflb vr{ -o;sf] klg s/df c;/ x'G5 tyflk o;n] gub k|jfxdf c;/ ub{5 / k|fo;M o;n]
z]o/jfnfxnfO{ nfesf/L k|ltkmn / rfn' k'FhL lbG5_ . ;fgf kl/of]hgfxn] k|fo;M s/ ltg]{ /
C0f lng] ub}{gg\ .
gfkmf tyf gf]S;fg vftfn] ljleGg txdf km/s km/s leGgtf -dflh{g_ sf] d"Nofg u/L s;/L
gfkmf lglZrt ug]{ / To:t} k|sf/sf] cGo Joj;fo;+u t'ngf ug{] cj;/ lbG5 -pbfx/0fsf] nflu
Pp6f h'; k|;f]wg ug]{ s]Gb|sf] vr{ tyf ;+/rgf To:t} k|sf/sf] sfo{ ug]{ csf]{sf] s]Gb|;+u w]/}
xb;Dd ldNbf] x'G5_ .
Value
2011
Total annual Revenues
Value Added Tax
Net Revenue
Total Annual Costs
Operating Profit
Depreciation
Profit
Before Finance
Charges
Finance Charges
Net Profit Before Tax
Tax
Profit After Tax
Dividend Paid
Retained Earnings

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

From Basic Cashflow
If Applicable
Simple Calculation
From Basic Cashflow
Simple Calculation
Required also for Balance Sheet
Simple calculation
e.g. on bank loan for working
capital
Simple calculation
If applicable
Simple Calculation
These can be linked to
discussions of working capital
requirement and how to finance
them

jf;nft
jf;nftsf] nflu cfj]bs;+uaf6 pgLxsf] ;|f]txsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ Ifdtf, d'VotM rfn'
;DklQ tyf bfloTj ;DaGwL w]/} hgsf/Lx cfjZos kb{5, To;af6 Jofj;flos pBdzLntfsf]
Ifdtf k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsG5, jf;nftdf unt cg'dfg jf cf+sng ePdf w]/}xb;Dd Joj;fosf]
Joj:yfkg Pjd\ sdhf]/ lg0f{o k|s[ofnfO{ hgfp+b5 .
o;sf] d'Vo ;jfn eg]sf] t/ntf sfod ug{ rflxg] rfn' k'FhLsf] plrt of]hgf -t/ntf gx'Fbf
6f6 klN6G5_ / Joj;fosf] ljQLo of]hgfn] lbuf] tyf :j:y ljQLo ;+/rgf k|bfg ub{5 .

!),))) cd]l/sL 8n/eGbf a9Lsf] k|:tfjdf o;n] 5gf}6sf] nflu d"Nofgsf /fd|f ;"rsxM
cfGtl/s laQLo k|ltkmn b/ -FIRR_, s'n dflh{g -u|; dflh{g_, vf; dflh{g -g]6 dflh{g_, rfn'
t/ntf b/, ;DklQdf k|ltkmn, / ljQLo :j:ytf -C0f M ;DklQsf] cg'kft_ .
Value
2011 2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Assets
Current Assets
Cash

Accounts Receivable
Advance to Suppliers
Inventory
Raw materials
Finished Goods
Others
All Inventory
Total Current assets
Long Term Assets
Fixed Assets
Cost Price
Less
accumulated
Depreciation
Net Fixed Assets
Total Assets
Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Short term loans
Account Payable
Other
Current
Liabilities

Used to balance the Sheet

Only and then credit given
needs to be calculated
yak milk, esp. DDC
Capital

Simple Calculation
Simple Calculation

From Basic Cash Flow

From P&L Account
Simple Calculation

e.g bank lending for working

capital

Total Current Liabilities

Long term Liabilities
Specify
Specify
Specify
Total long-term liabilities
Total Liabilities
Equity
Paid-in Equity

Simple calculation

Retained Earnings
Other Equity
Total Equity
Total Liabilities and Equity

From P&L Account

There are unlikely to be any

of these, but if there are, the
Assesor must know.
Simple Calcualtion
Simple Calcualtion

Simple Calculation
Simple Calculation

Ratio Analysis

Current Ratio
Revenue/Fixed assets (%)
Return on Assets (%)

Debt/Equity ratio

Current
Asset/Current
liabilities
must
always
exceed 1.5
Indication of efficiency and
capital intensity
Indicator of profitability
Financial Soundness, with
grant finance, must see this
as maximum 60:40

s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg ;Demf}tf

(Standard Agribusiness Grant Agreement)

sM kl/efiff
of] ;Demf}tfdf lgDg cg';f/ kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 M
zJb
kl/efiff
;Demf}tf
of] zAbn] cfof]hgf lgb]{zs / s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfgsf] nflu 5gf]6 ePsf
s[ifs;d'xJoj;foL jLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ hgfp5 .
lgj]bg
of] zAbn] s[ifs;d'xJoj;foLn] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfgsf] nflu lhNnf l:yt
cfof]hgf ;dGjostf{, jf cfof]hgf lgb]{zs ;dIf k]; ePsf] lgj]bgnfO{
hgfp5 .
hDdf /sd
of] zAbn] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg / nfeflGjt s[ifs;d'xJoj;foLn] cfKmgf]
tkm{af6 nufgL ug]{ k"hLnfO{ ;d]t hgfp5 .
cg'bfg
of] zAbn] s[lif Joj;fo ljsf;sf] nflu s[ifs;d'xJoj;foLn] k]; u/]sf]
lgj]bgdf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{noaf6 l:js[t u/L pknAw u/fpg]
k"hLnfO{ hgfp5 .
cfof]hgf
of] zAbn] s[lif Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgfsf lgb]{zsnfO{
lgb]{zs
hgfp5 .
PMU
of] zAbn] s[lif Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgfsf] sf7df08f}+ l:yt
s]lGb|o Aoa:yfkg sfof{nonfO{ hgfp5 .
PAM
of] zAbn] s[lif Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgfsf] cfof]hgf
Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf (Project Administration Manual) nfO{ hgfp5 .
lxdfnL
of] zAbn] s[lif Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgf (High Mountain
cfof]hgf
Agribusiness and Livelihooh Improvement Project) nfO{ hgfp5 .
GAC
of] zAbn] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfgsf] nflu nflu s[ifs;d'xJoj;foLn] k];
u/]sf] k|:tfjnfO{ lgikIf 5gf]6 ug{ PMU n] u7g u/]sf] ljz]if1sf] ;ldlt
(Agribusiness Grant Assessment Committee)nfO{ hgfp5 .
bkmf != s[lif Joj;fo ljsf;df nufgLsf] nflu larf/ ug{ lxdfnL cfof]hgfsf] cfof]hgf
Joj:yfkg sfo{nodf k]z eO{ GAC sf] cg'df]bg kl5 PMU n] l:js[t u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] /
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfo{no /jf cfof]hgf lgb{]zsn] d+h'/ u/]sf] s[lif Joj;fo ;Demf}tfnfO{ g}
ca pk/fGt s[lif Joj;fo ;Demf}tf elg a'lemg]5 .

s[lif Joj;fo ;Demf}tf zLif{sM

s[lif Joj;fo ;Demf}tf ;+VofM

bkmf @= o; ;emf}tff/f aflwPsf lgDg s[ifs;d'xJoj;foL ;+:yfx?nfO{ ca pk/fGt

kIfx? elgg]5 / tL kIfx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
kIfx?
cg'bfg bftf
!= lxdfnL cfof]hgfsf] cfof]hgf lgb{]zs

bkmf #= PAM df k|of]u ul/Psf

k|of]u ul/g]5g\ .

abbreviation

cg'bfg k|fKtstf{
!= cg'bfg k|fKtstf{sf] nflu kl/ro ;'rgf, /
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ -sf] gfd / 7]ufgf_
gfdM - JolQmsf] gfd _
kbM
7]ufgfM
@= Joj;fo ;+:yf btf{ ljj/0f
/

acronym

x? o; ;+emf}tfdf pxL cy{ lbg] u/L

v=;xfotfsf] ;dofjwL
bkmf $= o; ;emf}tff/f s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjnfO{ lbPsf] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg lbOg]5 tn
pNn]lvt ;do leq sfof{Gjog x'g]5 . laz]if kl/l:ytLdf, kIfx?sf] ;xdlt ePdf lnlvt ?kdf
o; ;+emf}tfsf] ;dofjwLnfO{ yk36 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;+emf}tf ;'?jft ldlt -ut]dlxgfjif{_

;+emf}tf ;dfkg ldlt -ut]dlxgfjif{_

bkmf %= s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfgsf] hDdf /sd ?=============== x'g]5 / of]ubfg / e'QmfgLsf] af8kmf6
ljj/0f tn tflnsf tn lbPsf] 5M
s'n s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg /sdM ?= ============== cg'bfg kfpg]sf] of]ubfgsf] d'NoM ?= ============

bkmf ^= ;Dk"0f{ cg'bfg /sdsf] e'QmfgL ================== ls:tfdf ul/g]5, h'g cl3Nnf ls:tfdf
cfwfl/t x'g]5 . -e'QmfgL tflnsf lgj]bssf] Joj;fo of]hgfdf n]lvP cg';f/ vr{sf] ;dodf
cfwfl/t x'g]5 . !_ ;Demf}tfdf b:tvt eO;s]kl5 ;'? k]:sL, @_ ls:tfx?, #_ clGtd e'QmfgL .
cl3Nnf e'QmfgLx?sf] lx;fj lstfj eO;s]kl5 clGtd e'QmfgL x'g]5, vr{ u/]kl5 jf e]G8/
e'QmfgL k|yf k|of]u x'g]5 . t/ olb vr{ ug'{ kg]{ ;do / e'QmfgL kfpg] ;dosf] jLrdf lgj]bsn]
cfly{s ;+s6sf sf/0f vr{ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf cfof]hgf lgb]{zsnfO{ nfu]df !),))) 8n/ eGbf
sd /sd k]:sL lbg ;Sg]5 . e'QmfgL /sd / ;do tflnsf lgDg cg';f/ x'g]5M
s_ ;Demf}tfdf b:tvt eO;s]kl5 klxnf] ls:tf pknAw ug]{ /sd ? ================= .
v_ vl/b ePsf] a:t'sf] gfd ;lxt vr{ u/]sf cfwf/ k]; u/]kl5 bf];|f] ls:tf e'QfgL /sd ? ==.
u_ vl/b jf lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd k'/f ePkl5 t];|f] ls:tf e'QmfgL x'g] /sd ? ============= .
3_ vl/b jf lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ sfd k'/f ePkl5 rf}yf] ls:tf e'QmfgL x'g] /sd ? ============= .
bkmf & s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfgsf] nflu nflu s[ifs;d'xJoj;foL;+:yfn] csf]{ ls:tfsf]
e'QmfgL cg'/f]wsf ;fy Joj;fo of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog k|ltj]bg / vr{sf] ljn ekf{O jf vr{
k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft ;lxt k]; ug'{ kg]{5 . ljz]if kl/l:ylt ePsf] v08df cg'bfg kfpg]n]
cfof]hgf lgb]{zsnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 / pxfn] o; ;DagwL lg0f{o lng ;Sg'x'g]5 . t/
Joj;fo of]hgfsf] sfof{x? k'/f gu/Lsg, cg'bfg /sd / cfkm'n] of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ vr{sf] k|df0f
k]; gu/Lsg clGtd e'QmfgL x'g] 5}g . cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] csf]{ ls:tfsf] e'QmfgL cg'/f]w ubf{
k|utL k|ltj]bg ;lxt k]; ug'{ kg]{5 .
3. sfof{gjog Joj:yfkg M
bkmf *= o; ;+emf}tf cGt{ut k|bfg ul/Psf] cg'bfg, k|:tfjsf] p2]Zo, tn tf]lsPsf zt{ /
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf (PAM) cg';f/ k|of]u ul/g]5 .
bkmf (= o; cg'bfg ;+emf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ul/;s] k5L, k|fks ;+:yfn] cg'bfg vftf / To;sf]
vr{sf] ljj/0f sfod /fVg]5 . cfof]hgf lgb{]zs / lghn] clVtof/ u/]sf] s'g} klg AolQmn]
cfof]hgff/f lbPsf] cg'bfgsf ;'Aoa:yfkgsf] nflu lg/LIf0f ug]{, ;'k/lehg ug]{ / ;'emfj lbg
;Sg]5g\ .
bkmf !)= cg'bfg /sd x/0f gx'g], Ifltk'lt{df ghfg], cGoq gnufpg] jf
;'lgZrtf ug{ cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ g} k"0f{ hjfkmb]xL x'g]5 .

ckx/0f gx'g]

bkmf !!= s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfgsf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL n]vf / cGo ;DalGwt sfuhftx?
5'} /fVg' kg]{5 .
bkmf !@= cg'bfg k|fKtstf{, o;sf sfo{sf/L / :6fkm nufot sf/f]jf/df ;DnUg x'g]n] ;Demf}tf,
PAM, g]kfnsf] sfg'g d'tfljs cg'bfgsf] ;xL ;b'kof]usf] nflu ;+o'Qm jf 5'f5'} pQ/boL
x'g]5g\ . cg'bfg /sd k'/f jf cf+lzs ?kdf cg'lrt k|of]u ePsf] / clgoldt 3f]if0ff ePsf]
v08df cg'bfg kfpg] ;+o'Qm jf 5'f5'} ?kdf lxdfnL cfof]hgfsf] vftfdf ;DalGwt /sd t'?Gt
;f]wegf{ ug{ pQ/boL x'g]5g\ .
bkmf !#= cfof]hgfsf] lnlvt k"j{ l:js[t ljgf of] ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg cGo
s[lif Joj;fo nufot s'g} klg Joj;fonfO{ shf{ jf ;fk6L lbg] nufotdf vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
= clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L (Rights and Responsibilities)
bkmf !$= s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ubf{ cg'bfg kfpg]n]M
;Demf}tfdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s cfof]hgfn] ;f]r] cg';f/ / ;xdlt ePsf]
Joj;fo of]hgf cg';f/ pRr ;Lk, xf]l;of/ / hfu/sf ;fy sfof{Gjog ug]5
{ .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] P]g lgod tyf ;DalGwt :yfgLo k|zf;gsf k|fjwfgx? kfng ug]{5 . of]
cg'bfgsf] /sd s'g} klg b08 hl/jfgf / sfg"gL s'/fdf vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfj sfof{Gjog -h;sf] nflu cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]_ ug]{ ;Gbe{df
PMU f/f hf/L ePsf lgb]{zgx? / PAMsf k|fjwfgx? kfng ug]{5 .
cfof]hgfsf] k|utL / ca:yfsf ;DaGwdf PMU / PMU f/f clVtof/ kbflwsf/L;u
k/fdz{sf] nflu cfaZos kbf{ pknAw x'g' kg]{5 .
bkmf !%= cg'bfg kfpg]n] cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] s[lif Joj;fo;u ;DalGwt s'/fdf k/fdz{sf]
nflu cfof]hgf lgb]{zs jf lghsf] k|ltgLlwsf] ;fy} cfohgfsf laz]if1x?nfO{ s'g} klg j]nf
k|j]z lbg'kg]{5 .
bkmf !^= cg'bfg kfpg]n] ;DnUg s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjsf] sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrtf ug]{5 . s'g}
klg ;do cg'udg ubf{ s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjsf] sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g' kg]{5 . olb plrt
sf/0fljgf sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gkfOPdf PMU sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ cg'bfg e'QmfgL /f]Ssf jf vf/]h
ug{ ;sg]5 .

bkmf !&= olb cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] of] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ Joj;fo of]hgf k'/f ug{ ;Sb}g eg]
cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] plrt ljrf/ u/L ;Demf}tf tf]8\g] jf gtf]8\g] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
bkmf !*= s[lif Joj;fosf] sfo{df ;j} sfg"g cg;f/ ug]{ gug]{df cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ g} hjfkmb]xL
/ pQ/bfoL x'g]5 . olb o;sf] sf/0fn] cfof]hgf jf PMU nfO{ afwf kg{ uPdf To;af6 x'g]
gf]S;fgsf] If]ltk"lt{ cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] ltg'{ kg]{5 . o;sf] cnjf] ;Demf}tf / PAM d'tfljs
cg'bfgsf] pkof]usf] nflu cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ g} ;f]em} lhDd]jf/ x'g]5 .
bkmf !(= olb lqmofsnfk tflnsfdf ;+zf]wg ug'{ k/]df / o;af6 Jojzfo ;+rfngdf yk vr{
jf ;do a9\g] ePdf cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] of] Aoxf]/f cfof]hgf lgb]{zs ;dIf n}hfg' kb{5 .
lghn] o:tf] kl/jt{g dfly ljrf/ ug{ jf ;xdlt ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ cg'bfg /sd a9fpg eg]
;lsg]5}g .
bkmf @)= cg'bfg l:js[t k|fKt eO;s]kl5, olb cg'bfg k|fKtstf{nfO{ yfx eof] ls k"j{ lgwf{l/t
nIo k|fKtL ug{ jf cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo;u d]n vfg] u/L klxnf ;f]r]sf] eGbf a9L xfl;n ug{
cfof]hgfdf k]; u/]sf s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjdf s]xL s]xL kl/jt{g ug{ kg]{ eof] eg] cg'bfg
k|fKtstf{n] ;j} cfwf/x? ;lxt cfof]hgf lgb]{zs ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn]
cfkm\gf] ;'emfj ;lxt o;nfO{ PMU df k]; ug'{x'g]5 . cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] cg'bfg /sdnfO{
a9fpg ;Sg'x'g] 5}g . PMU sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
bkmf @!= olb cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ ;xstf{x? of] ;Demf}tfdf ;xdlt ePsf] s[lif Joj;fo sfd ug{
c;dy{ ePsf 5g\ jf s[lif Joj;fosf] kl/l:ylt w]/} g} ablnPsf] 5 eg] cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn]
cg'bfg k|fKtstf{nfO{ !$ lbgsf] lnlvt ;"rgf lbP/ of] ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . PMU n]
cg'bfg k|fKtstf{nfO{ o;sf] lg0f{osf] plrt k|li6s/0f lrQ a'em] klg ga'em] klg PMU sf] o;
lg0f{osf] ;Djgwdf sxL st} k|:g p7fpg jf cfof]hgfn] Aoxf]g]{ u/L Ifltk"lt{ bfjL ug{ kfOg]
5}g .
bkmf @@= cfof]hgf lgb]{zs / cfof]hgf :6fkmn] lxdfnL cfof]hgfsf] cWoogaf6 ;+slnt ;"rgf
cg'bfg k|fKtstf{nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5g\ .
bkmf @#= cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] s[lif Joj;fo ug]{ ;Gbe{df s'g} sl7gfO{ cfOk/]df jf cfOkg]{
b]lvPdf t'?Gt cfof]hgf lgb]{zsnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .

bkmf @$= s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjnfO{ ah]6 ;'xfpbf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog tyf k'/f ug]{ p2]Zosf]
nflu cfof]hgf lgb]z
{ s jf lghn] lgo'QmL u/]sf] kbflwsf/Ln] s[lif Joj;fo sf]cl8{g]6/sf] k|utL
k|ltj]bg lgoldt ;ldIff ug]{5g\ .
bkmf @%= s[lif Joj;fo sf]cl8{g]6/n] s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjsf] sfd / vr{sf] k"0f{ tyf ;xL
clen]v /fVg]5g\ . o:tf] vr{sf] clen]v cfof]hgf lgb]{zs jf lghn] lgo'QmL u/]sf]
kbflwsf/LnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
bkmf @^= ;Demf}tfd of] zt{ /xg] 5 ls cfof]hgf Joa:yfkg lgb]{lzsfdf tf]lsPsf jftfj/0fLo
;'/Iff dfkb08 kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
r= ljjfb pTkGg ePdf

(Conflict of Interest)

bkmf @&= cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ tkm{sf] sfosf/L ;ldlt af]8{ dGh'/ ub{5g\ ls pgLx?n]] cfof]hgf
lgb]{zssf] lnlvt k"j{ l:js[t ljgf of] cg'bfg cGtu{t s'g} klg /sd pgLx?sf] gft]bf/ jf
gft]bf/sf] kmd{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{ 5}gg\ .
bkmf @*= cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] cfof]hgf lgb]{zssf] lnlvt k"j{ l:js[t ljgf of] cg'bfg cGtu{t
s'g} klg /sd pgLx?sf] gft]bf/ jf gft]bf/sf] kmd{nfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{ 5}gg\ egL j}wflgs
3f]if0ffdf b:tvt ub{5g\ . of] j}wflgs 3f]if0ffnfO{ of] ;Demf}tfsf] g} c+zsf] ?kdf lnOg]5 .
bkmf @(= of] ;Demf}tf jf sfg"g pn3g u/]df cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ / cg'bfg k|fKtstf{sf] uelg{
a8L ;+o'Qm ?kdf jf 5'f5'} ?kdf hjfkmb]xL x'g]5g\ .
5=hfgsf/Lsf] nflu 7]ufgf

(Address for Communication Purpose):

bkmf #)= lgDg ;Dks{ 8f6f cg';f/ lnlvtdf KofS; jf Od]n f/f dfq ljleGg kIfx? jLr
ePsf] ;Dks{ jf ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg k|efjsf/L x'G5 .
lj:t[t ;Dks{ 7]ufgf
k|fKtstf{

cg'bfg bftf

gfdM
7]ufgfM

kmf]g KmofS; Od]nM

cfof]hgf lgb]{zs s[lif
Joj;fo sf]cl8{g]6/
h= k|efjsfl/tf / cGTo x'g] ( Effectiveness, Termination)
bkmf #!= of] ;Demf}tf cfof]hgf lgb]{zs / cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] b:tvt u/]kl5 k|efjsf/L x'g]5 .
bkmf #@= cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] vf/]h ePsf] jf cGTo ePsf] sfof{noaf6 hfgsf/L lbPsf]df afx]s
bkmf # df pNn]v ePsf lqmofsnfk tflnsf cg';f/ s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjsf sfdx? k'/f ePkl5
of] ;Demf}tf cGTo x'g]5 . s'g} klg kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ lnlvt ;"rgff/f hfgsf/L u/fP/ of]
;Demf}tf t'?Gt cGTo ug{ ;lsg]5, olb
s'g} Ps kIfn] of] ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} k|fjwfg a:t'ut e+u ub{5 / o;sf] jf/]df csf]{ kIfn]
;"rgf u/]sf] !$ lbg leq o;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ g;s]df .
6ft kN6g] P]g (Inolvency Act) @)^# n] tf]s] adf]lhdM cg'bfg k|fKt stf{ lj?4 s'g}
sfg"gL sfo{jfxL ;'[? ePsf] 5 eg] .
cg'bfg k|Ktstf{n] s'g} ulDe/ b':rl/qsf] sfd u/]sf] /x]5 / cfof]hgf lgb]{zssf]
ljrf/df o;n] cfof]hgfnfO{ ljjfbdf Nofpg] b]v]df .
nufgL /sd kfpg # dlxgf eGbf l9nf x'g uPdf cg'bfg k|Ktstf{n] s/f/ /4 ug{ ;Sg] .
bkmf ##= cg'bfg k|fKtstf{f/f bfloTj k'/f ug{ g;s]sf] kl0ffd :j?k ;Demf}tf vf/]h ePdf
cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] ;j} cg'bfg /sd cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] vftfdf cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn]
;"rgf lbPsf] % lbg leq ;fg'{ kg]{5 .
bkmf #$= s'g} klg sf/0faf6 of] ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ePdf cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] cfof]hgfaf6
pknAw ePsf] af}l4s ;DktL / uf]Ko ;"rgf k|of]u ug{ t'?Gt /f]Sg' kb{5 .
bkmf #%= of] ;Demf}tfdf ;DnUg kIfx? afx]s s'g} t];|f] kIfsf] sf/0fn] s[lif Joj;fo k|:tfjsf
sfo{x? k'/f x'g' cufj} ;Demf}tf cGTo x'g' kg]{ cj:yf cfPdf cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] lg0f{o u/]
cg';f/ cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] Aoxf]/]sf ;'xfpbf] a'lembf] /sd cfof]hgfn] e'QmfgL ug]{5 . dfly
pNn]v ePsf] afx]s c? afsL jf k|lta4tf ghgfPsf] /sd cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] cfof]hgf
lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] vftfdf t'?Gt lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .

bkmf #^= cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] k7fPsf] lnlvt ;"rgf cg';f/ dfly plNnlvt bfjL ul/Psf] /sd
cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] ;do leq e'QmfgL gu/]df sfg"g jdf]lhd ;/sf/L afsL ;/x c;'n ul/g]5 .
o:tf] sfg"gL k|lqmofdf nfu]sf] ;j} vr{ cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] Aoxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
em=ljjfb lg?k0f

(Dispute Resolution)

bkmf #&= of] ;Demf}tfsf] ;DjGwdf cg'bfg k|fKtstf{, s[lif Joj;fo sf]l8{g]6/ / cfof]hgf lgb]{zs
jLr ljjfb pTkGg ePdf lo kIfx? ldnL /fd|f] cfk;L ljZjf;df t'?Gt ljjfb ldnfpg]5g\ . olb
lo kIfx? ;dembf/Ldf k'Ug g;s]df d]nldnfk P]g -Arbitration Act) @)%%cg';f/ lgo'QmL
ul/Psf] d]nldnfkf/f ljjfb lg?k0f ul/g]5 .
bkmf #*= of] ;Demf}tf g]kfnsf] P]g cg';f/ lgodg (govern) x'g]5 .
bkmf #(= cfof]hgf jf cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] of] ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} k|fjwfg nfu' ug{ c;kmn ePdf
of] kl5 glh/ jGg ;Sb}g .
`=b}jL k|sf]k (Force MAJEUREs)
bkmf $)= cfunfuL, r6\sg], af9L, cfwL, e'sDk h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx?, ljikmf]6g, ;/sf/L
x:tIfk, x'Nb, n8fO{, x8tfn, dhb'/ x'Nb, s'g} lhljt j:t'sf] k|fs[lts cg'j+zLo kl/jt{g /
o:t} sfj' aflx/sf ca:yfn] of] ;Demf}tfn] tf]s]sf] s'g} klg bloTj k'/f ug{ l9nfO{ jf c;kmn
ePdf cg'bfg k|fKtstf{, cfof]hgf jf cfof]hgf lgb]{zs s'g} klg kIf lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}gg\ .
6= clGtd k|aGw (Final Dispositions)
bkmf $!= cfof]hgfsf ;biox? / cfof]hgf lgb]{zs gfkmfsf]nflu cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ jf o;sf]
k|;tfj;u ;DnUg ePsf] x'g' x'b}g .
bkmf $@= of] ;Demf}tf cg'bfg k|fKtstf{ / cfof]hgf lgb]{zs jLr ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;Demf}tf dflgG5
/ o;df AoQm gePsf s'/fx? afx]s c? s'g} s'g} df}lvs jf lnlvt ;Demf}tf ;dembf/L jf
k|lta4tf x'g] 5}gg\ .

bkmf $#= of] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t ;j} ;"rgfx? lnlvt x'g' kb{5 / l;w} AolQmnfO{ a'emfpg], jf
of] ;"rgf blg'kg]{ kIfsf] 7]ufgfdf /lhi6/ ug]{, KmOS; jf Od]nf/f k7fOg]5 .
bkmf $$= of] ;Demf}tfdf kl/jt{g jf 5'6 s]xL eP lnlvt x'g' kg]{ / cg'bfg k|fKtstf{, cfof]hgf
jf cfof]hgf lgb]{zssf] tkm{af6 b:tvt ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
bkmf $%= of] ;Demf}tf ;lsPkl5 $% of] ;Demf}tfsf k|fjwfg;u ;Dalgwt hjfkmb]xL, k|ltj]bg
lbg], uf]klgotf, af}l4s ;DktL, klAn]s];g, cGTo x'g] / lgoGq0f ug]{ P]gsf] Dofb ;lsPsf]
dflgb}g .

of] ;Demf}tf u/L k|Tos kIfn] Ps Ps ;Ssn skL lnof}+ lbof}+

cfof]hgfsf] tkm{af6
b:tvtM
gfd
kb
sfof{nosf] 5fk
cg'bfg k|fKtstf{sf] tkm{af6
b:tvtM
gfdM
kbM
;d'x;+:yfJoj;fokmd{sf] gfdM
5fkM
Olt ;Djt ================= ;fn =========== dlxgf ===========ut] ========= /f]h ========== z'ed\