OS 20120801 Aug 2012 PDF

August 2012
Houston London Paris Stavanger Aberdeen Singapore Moscow Baku Perth Rio de Janeiro Lagos Luanda
World Trends and Technology for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
For continuous news & analysis
www.offshore-mag.com
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strategy
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UK presence
Balmoral
Offshore
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+44 (0)1224 859000 | ofshore-sales@balmoral.co.uk
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THE WORLDS NEWSSTAND
Previous Page | Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out | Front Cover | Search Issue | Next Page
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August 2012
Houston London Paris Stavanger Aberdeen Singapore Moscow Baku Perth Rio de Janeiro Lagos Luanda
World Trends and Technology for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
For continuous news & analysis
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North Sea
E&P trends
Statoils IOR
strategy
GDF SUEZ expands
UK presence
Click here
to access
Spring 2012 Energy
Catalog
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On a fifteen-day offshore well test with average temperature exceeding 400 degF,
Signature quartz gauges delivered continuous high-quality pressure measurements.
Rated to 30,000 psi and 410 degF, Signature gauges help you meet test objectives
by providing accurate, high-resolution measurementsfor the duration of your test.
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_____________
International Edition
Volume 72, Number 8
August 2012
C ON T E N T S
Offshore (ISSN 0030-0608) is published 12 times a year, monthly by PennWell, 1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa, OK 74112. Periodicals class postage paid at Tulsa, OK, and additional offices.
Copyright 2012 by PennWell. (Registered in U.S. Patent Trademark Office.) All rights reserved. Permission, however, is granted for libraries and others registered with the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Phone (508) 750-8400, Fax (508) 750-4744 to photocopy articles for a base fee of $1 per copy of the article plus 35 per page.
Payment should be sent directly to the CCC. Requests for bulk orders should be addressed to the Editor. Subscription prices: US $101.00 per year, Canada/Mexico $ 132.00 per year, All other
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available upon request. POSTMASTER send form 3579 to Offshore, P.O. Box 3200, Northbrook, IL 60065-3200. To receive this magazine in digital format, go to www.omeda.com/os.
Celebrating Over 50 Years of Trends, Tools, and Technology
NORTH SEA
Statoil leads overhaul
of Norwegian development
drilling, intervention feet ................... 32
If the market does not provide the solution you
need, the answer may be to pull a few strings
to make sure it does. That is the proactive
approach adopted by Statoil in its search for
ft-for-purpose rigs for improved oil recovery
on Norwegian felds.
Confdence returning
among NW Europe operators ............. 36
The energy industry, a strategic resource for
security of supply across Northwest Europe,
is faced with increasing commercial and
technical challenges in its efforts to explore
for and produce oil and gas. These include an
extended period of economic turmoil, declin-
ing production, and rising costs.
GDF SUEZ expanding operations
in mature and emerging
UK gas provinces ............................... 40
After 15 years as a co-venturer or exploration
operator on the UK continental shelf, GDF
SUEZ is preparing for a leading development
role. The company already runs numerous
gas production centers offshore Norway and
the Netherlands, but Juliet and Cygnus in the
southern North Sea will be its frst major oper-
ated UK projects.
ARCTIC
Gas supply routes
to determine future phases
of Snhvit development ...................... 42
Snhvit, Norways most northerly offshore
feld development, has now been onstream
for fve years. Gas and condensate from the
subsea wells are piped to the single-train LNG
processing plant on Melkya Island off the port
of Hammerfest. It remains the worlds most
northern LNG facility, with scope for expansion
of offshore production, although competing ter-
minals are emerging elsewhere around Europe.
GULF OF MEXICO
SEMS continues to shape the offshore
regulatory environment ..................... 46
Expectations have changed for oil and gas op-
erators in the Gulf of Mexico over the last few
years. Regulations from the Bureau of Safety
and Environmental Enforcement, as well as
increased scrutiny from investors and the
public, have left companies searching for safer
and more environmentally sound methods to
extract oil and gas in deep and ultra-deepwater.
GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS
Enhancing EOR through
reservoir modeling ............................. 50
Whether it is seismic interpretation, the build-
ing of a structural model, fault and fracture
model, or history matching and simulation,
reservoir modeling provides operators with
crucial information on oil and gas in place and
the potential obstacles to accessing them.
DRILLING & COMPLETION
Intelligent wells offer completion
solution for Lower Tertiary felds ....... 54
This summer will mark 15 years since the
industrys frst intelligent well installation. What
started out as a small niche in the completions
segment has expanded to now offer solutions for
a wide range of applications, many of them in the
highly challenging environments.
Flow detection system
saves time, money in record
HP/HT Norwegian well ....................... 58
While planning for an offshore Norwegian explor-
atory well, surface pressure of nearly 15,000 psi and
extremely high temperatures were anticipated.
Logging-while-drilling technology
continues to reduce drilling risk ........ 62
When logging-while-drilling (LWD) made its
debut in the late 1980s, several advantages were
touted. Chief among these was the potential
elimination of wireline logs.
2012 MWD/LWD
Services Directory .............................. 68
Get the latest info on measurement-while-drilling
(MWD) and logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools
and services for 2012.
ENGINEERING,
CONSTRUCTION
& INSTALLATION
New model predicts jackup
weight and displacement ................... 80
The weight of a rig is an important variable in
cost estimation and determines the amount of
steel required in construction. Rig weight is
generally considered proprietary, however, be-
cause it indicates design benchmarks and con-
struction performance metrics that are central
to the competitive nature of the industry.
New semisubmersible vessel
redefnes heavy transport .................. 84
A new semisubmersible heavy-lift vessel will
soon be available that is expected to redefne
the limits of heavy marine transport. The larg-
est semisubmersible ever built, the Dockwise
Vanguard is designed specifcally to enable
operators and contractors to consider opportu-
nities for mega offshore units which were until
now considered unthinkable.
EXMAR launches FLRSU to exploit
stranded gas offshore Colombia ........ 86
EXMAR NV plans to invest $300 million on the
frst-ever foating liquefaction, re-gasifcation,
and storage unit in an effort to develop
stranded gas worldwide.
New polyethylene fber suitable
for deepwater mooring ropes ............ 90
A new high modulus polyethylene fber (HMPE)
with improved creep properties can be used in
permanent offshore mooring systems. Testing
shows that ropes made with the new fber type
retain the properties characteristic of HMPE
such as high static strength and stiffness and
yarn-on-yarn abrasion resistance.
Innovation, teamwork key to safe and
cost-effective decommissioning........ 94
Decommissioning projects across the globe are
on the rise despite the high oil price and drive
to extract more reserves from existing felds.
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the heart of the matter
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Personne|andassetprotect|on
with the industry's frst APl 16RCD
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Detect|onandmanagementwith
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pressure management systems
Reservo|reva|uat|on to obtain
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Performanceopt|m|zat|on using
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optimum life-of-well performance
Find out how to change to the secure
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2012 Weatherford. All rights reserved.
Incorporates proprietary and patented Weatherford technology.
International Edition
Volume 72, Number 8
August 2012
D E P A R T M E N T S
ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION
Buoyant Tower offers new platform for shallow-water feld development ............. 98
BPZ Energy has selected the Buoyant Tower design by Horton Wison Deepwater to develop the
Corvina feld offshore Peru. The design concept was selected because it is less expensive than
the fxed platform alternative, and the fabrication and installation schedules were attractive.
SUBSEA
Controlling tomorrows deepwater developments .................................................. 100
To address the future subsea development challenges of remoteness, environmental safety, and
reliability, the oil and gas industry needs to explore new technological avenues. For instance,
all-electric control systems are believed to be one of the major technological steps that will help
create new opportunities.
FLOWLINES & PIPELINES
New automation concept promises to enhance deepwater pipeline integrity ...... 104
DNV engineers have developed the X-Stream concept to improve the viability of gas transport
pipelines in deep and ultra-deepwater, a long distance from shore.
Operators planning some 5,800 mi of offshore pipelines through 2017 ................ 108
The inaugural Global Of fshore Pipeline Construction Survey a detailed project-by-project listing
of all the major large-diameter offshore oil and gas pipeline systems being built, planned and
studied makes its debut.
COVER: Exploration and production
activities remain strong offshore Eu-
rope. Statoil, one of the key North Sea
players, says that the Oseberg area is
one of the most promising exploration
areas on the Norwegian Continental
Shelf. The Oseberg feld center includes
three platforms, Oseberg A, B and D,
connected to one another with bridges,
in the southern part of the Oseberg
feld; and the Oseberg C platform,
which lies 14 km (approx. nine mi) north
of the feld center. Photo by yvind
Hagen, courtesy Statoil.
Online .................................................... 6
Comment ............................................... 8
Data ..................................................... 10
Global E&P .......................................... 12
Offshore Europe .................................. 18
Gulf of Mexico ..................................... 20
Subsea Systems ................................. 22
Vessels, Rigs, & Surface Systems ...... 24
Drilling & Production .......................... 26
Geosciences ........................................ 28
Offshore Automation Solutions .......... 30
Business Briefs ................................. 118
Advertisers Index ............................. 123
Beyond the Horizon .......................... 124
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The changew|||doyougood
SM
weatherford.com
ControIChange
Take contro| of chang|ng we||bore ows and pressures
w|th Weatherford's exc|us|ve M|croux
contro| system
Our automated system measures, analyzes and controls
changing wellbore conditions in real time. Now you can drill wells
that were once considered undrillable.
Weatherfords control system is more than managed
pressure drilling. Its secure drilling.
We call it TacticaITechnoIogy.
Youll call it money

in the bank. Visit weatherford.comImicroBux or talk to a
Weatherford representative. We might change the way you
look at all of your service needs.
2012 Weatherford. All rights reserved. Incorporates proprietary and patented Weatherford technology.
Drilling
Evaluation
Completion
Production
Intervention
Closed-loop drilling
A|r dr||||ng
6ompress|on serv|ces
0ownho|e |so|at|on systems
F|u|d systems
K|ck dectect|on & contro|
Hanaged pressure dr||||ng
Pressure-contro| equ|pment
Rotat|ng contro| dev|ces
Underba|anced dr||||ng
3,281
1,000
0
6,562
2,000
9,842
3,000
13,123
4,000
16,404
5,000
19,685
6,000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
13-3/8 in.
20 in.
9-5/8 in.
7 in.
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Weatherfords Microflux control
systemenabled total depth to be
reached ahead of schedule.
Days
Microflux system Conventional
2 Lossesslow rate of penetration
3 Stuck bottomhole assemblyfishing
4 Lossesstuck pipe
5 Plugged and abandoned, sidetrack, lose well
1 Wellbore ballooning
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__________________
PennWell
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OFFSHORE EVENTS
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Eldon Ball (Houston) eldonb@pennwell.com
Gail Killough (Houston) gailk@pennwell.com
Niki Vrettos (London) nikiv@pennwell.com
Jenny Phillips (London) jennyp@pennwell.com
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
PennWell; 1421 S. Sheridan Rd., Tulsa, OK 74112
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CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
F. Jay Schempf (Houston)
Nick Terdre (Norway)
Gurdip Singh (Singapore)
SENIOR EDITOR,
TECHNOLOGY & ECONOMICS
Eldon R. Ball
eldonb@pennwell.com
EDITOR-EUROPE
Jeremy Beckman
jeremyb@pennwell.com
PRESENTATION EDITOR
Josh Troutman
josht@pennwell.com
TECHNOLOGY EDITOR,
SUBSEA & SEISMIC
Gene Kliewer
genek@pennwell.com
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Jessica Tippee
jessicat@pennwell.com
POSTER EDITOR
E. Kurt Albaugh, P.E.
Kurt.albaugh@yahoo.com
VICE PRESIDENT and GROUP PUBLISHER
Mark Peters
markp@pennwell.com
MANAGING EDITOR
Bruce A. Beaubouef
bruceb@pennwell.com
CHIEF EDITOR/CONFERENCE EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
David Paganie
davidp@pennwell.com
6 Of fshore August 2012 www.offshore-mag.com

Latest news
The latest news is posted daily for the offshore oil and gas industry coveringg
ttechnology, companies, personnel moves, and products.
New maps, posters, & surveys
2012 MWD/LWD Services Directory
2012 World Mobile Rig Construction Survey
2012 World Survey of Stimulation Vessels
2012 Rotary Steerables Survey
2012 Worldwide Seismic Vessels Survey
Download: www.offshore-mag.com/index/maps-posters.html
New videos
Cascade and Chinook
Petrobras began production from the Cascade and Chinook felds in early
22012. The project features the frst FPSO in the US Gulf of Mexico, and the
ddeepest foating production unit in the world.
Williams Gulfstar-1 Project
Williams Gulfstar-1 project involves the development of a standardized foat-
iing production facility for the Gulf of Mexico, using a classic spar hull form
aand topsides. Designed to operate in water depths from 3,000 to 8,500 ft, it can
aallow for multiple subsea developments to be tied back to the host facility.
http://www.offshore-mag.com/video.html
New interactive feature
Bridons Neptune Quay facility
As operators seek to reach lower depths in ever-more challenging conditions,
tthe oil and gas industry is demanding lifting systems that can deploy heavier
wweights at greater depths. Such systems require multi-strand ropes that are
llong, strong, and highly engineered. To accommodate such demands, Bridon is
cconstructing the Bridon Neptune Quay, a 30-million ($48-million) factory that
bby the end of 2012 will produce multi-strand ropes in lengths of more than 7,000
mm (22, 965 ft) and gross package weights of up to 650 metric tons (717 tons).
http://www.offshore-mag.com/bridon-channel.html
New On Demand Webcasts
Mobility for Real-time Asset
Management on the Rig
Frank Cummings and Darrel Fanguy discuss how to remotely access data
aand deploy personnel using DOFEROs customized HMI solution and rug-
ggedized Class 1/Div 2 modifed ft for purpose iPad. Attendees will learn howw
tto shorten turnaround time in diagnosing issues in the feld, and implement a
ssolution in a timely fashion.
http://www.offshore-mag.com/webcasts/offshore/2012/05/
mobility-for-real-time-asset-management-on-the-rig.html
Browse Offshore magazine e
Peruse the cover issue and archives going back to 1995.
www.offshore-magg.com
Available at
Offshore-mag.com
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____________________________________
Operators are moving into deeper water environments
and expanding oil and gas production into remote
regions such as the arctic. Siemens is a driving force in
making these field developments technologically and
economically possible. With power supply from topside
or onshore, in-field subsea power distribution, control,
surveillance and processing technologies, we are en-
abling field developments in the most challenging
locations while improving recovery rates.
www.siemens.com/oilgas
Solutions for the oil and gas industry
Combining this with advancements in engineering and
quality for improved realiability and advanced monitor-
ing, Siemens also offers best-in-class OPEX minimization.
As an example, our industry leading subsea power
systems integrate medium voltage switchgear, step-
down transformer and variable-speed drives, enabling
wider adoption of large-scale processing equipment in
the subsea domain.
Siemens Subsea Solutions
Enabling enhanced recovery and reduced lifting costs
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To respond to articles in Of fshore, or to of fer articles for publication,
contact the editor by email (davidp@pennwell.com).
COMMENT
David Paganie Houston
Confidence returning to NW Europe?
On the heels of record-breaking participation at the 27th Licensing Round of the
UKCS, in its latest economic report Oil & Gas UK stated that investment in UK offshore
development projects this year should approach 11.5 billion ($17.8 billion). This is an
increase of more than 30% compared with the total committed to UK offshore felds in
2011. This period of increasing interest is due, in part, to the new measures announced
by the UK government in March. One measure is a pledge to improve clarity on tax re-
lief for North Sea decommissioning programs. The UK government expects that these
new measures will persuade companies to free up more capital for investment, in turn
increasing or extending production from UK felds. For more on these and other E&P
trends across Northwest Europe, turn to page 36 for an exclusive report by Deloitte
Petroleum Services.
Speaking of the North Sea, Tyson Bridger of Emerson Process Management con-
tends that for all the focus on EOR (enhanced oil recovery) in offshore operations, little
attention has been paid to the crucial role reservoir modeling plays in bolstering recov-
ery rates. In his article which starts on page 50, he notes that reservoir modeling is
playing an important role in increasing recovery rates and supporting EOR programs
in the Norwegian North Sea. One example is Statoils Statfjord feld, one of the oldest
producing felds on the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) that today delivers recovery
rates of up to 66% and is scheduled to remain active until 2019.
One company GDF SUEZ is testing its confdence in the long-term viability of the
UKCS by stating its intent to become a leading operator in the region. After 15 years as a
co-venturer or exploration operator on the UKCS, GDF SUEZ is preparing for a leading
development role, according to Jeremy Beckman, Offshore Editor-Europe. The com-
pany has interests in over 40 UKCS licenses, 16 as operator, and claims to be the UKs
eighth-largest offshore acreage holder. But Juliet and Cygnus in the southern North Sea
will be its frst major operated UK projects. Beckmans full report begins on page 40.
In the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, Statoil continues to advance its strategy
to improve oil recovery (IOR) from new and existing felds. Part of its approach has
been to roll out a new feet of rigs engineered to its specifcations for cost savings and
drilling effciencies. A category has been assigned to each new rig type: Category A, for
light well intervention; Category B, for heavier intervention and workover; Category
D, for drilling and completing new development wells; and Category J, which refers to
jackup rigs for development work. Offshore contributing editor Nick Terdre examines
Statoils ongoing IOR initiatives, beginning on page 32.
Inaugural pipeline survey
To complement Offshores existing series of maps, posters, and surveys, I am pleased
to introduce in this issue the inaugural Global offshore pipeline construction survey.
Prepared by Offshore managing editor Bruce Beaubouef, it includes the technical speci-
fcations and the latest updates on the status of the major offshore oil and gas export/
transmission pipeline projects around the world. Approximately 5,840 mi (9,399 km) of
pipeline projects are represented in the survey. See page 108 for the complete survey.
The UK government expects that
these new measures will persuade
companies to free up more capital
for investment, in turn increasing or
extending production from UK felds.
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__________
Worldwide day rates
Year/Month Minimum Average Maximum
Drillship
2011 July $90,000 $441,892 $690,000
2011 Aug $90,000 $429,634 $690,000
2011 Sept $155,000 $432,551 $690,000
2011 Oct $155,000 $405,144 $690,000
2011 Nov $155,000 $411,952 $690,000
2011 Dec $155,000 $414,368 $690,000
2012 Jan $155,000 $430,985 $690,000
2012 Feb $155,000 $437,841 $671,000
2012 Mar $155,000 $437,017 $671,000
2012 Apr $157,000 $441,477 $671,000
2012 May $157,000 $438,030 $671,000
2012 June $90,000 $442,307 $671,000
Jackup
2011 July $35,000 $106,279 $339,000
2011 Aug $35,754 $107,135 $339,000
2011 Sept $35,754 $106,368 $339,000
2011 Oct $20,000 $105,221 $339,000
2011 Nov $20,000 $105,147 $339,000
2011 Dec $36,000 $106,093 $339,000
2012 Jan $36,000 $107,697 $339,000
2012 Feb $36,000 $108,329 $339,000
2012 Mar $36,000 $108,662 $358,000
2012 Apr $30,000 $108,772 $358,000
2012 May $36,000 $109,468 $358,000
2012 June $30,000 $111,484 $358,000
Semi
2011 July $83,000 $359,489 $665,000
2011 Aug $85,000 $364,189 $665,000
2011 Sept $137,000 $366,983 $665,000
2011 Oct $137,000 $366,962 $665,000
2011 Nov $137,000 $363,352 $655,000
2011 Dec $137,000 $361,232 $655,000
2012 Jan $30,000 $361,367 $655,000
2012 Feb $137,000 $362,962 $655,000
2012 Mar $137,000 $358,403 $655,000
2012 Apr $137,000 $362,958 $655,000
2012 May $125,000 $362,215 $655,000
2012 June $125,000 $363,267 $655,000
Source: Rigzone.com
Worldwide offshore rig count & utilization rate
July 2010 June 2012
950
850
750
650
550
450
350
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
N
o
.

o
f

r
i
g
s
F
l
e
e
t

u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

r
a
t
e
%
J
u
l
y
1
0
O
c
t
1
0
J
a
n
1
1
A
p
r
i
l
1
1
J
u
l
y
1
1
O
c
t
1
1
J
a
n
1
2
A
p
r
i
l
1
2
Contracted fleet utilization Total fleet Contracted Working
S
o
u
r
c
e
:

I
H
S
Total reserves onstream Arctic Ocean,
Norway, and UK North Sea 2007-2017
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Canada (Arctic Ocean)
Shtokman
UK
USA (Alaska)
Russia (FSU)
Norway
2007
Source: Infield Systems Ltd.
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
GLOBAL DATA
This month Infield Systems looks at the expected
reserves onstream in the North Sea, the Norwegian
Sea, and the emerging Arctic region. Between 2007 and
2011, new reserve additions were dominated by Norway
and the UK, holding a respective 69% and 28% of total
reserves onstream. A small proportion of reserves also
entered production offshore Alaska. Historically, key
operators have included Statoil, holding a 48% share of
new reserves onstream during the 2007-2011 period, and
Shell with a 34% share of reserves onstream. Between
2007 and 2017, reserves are expected to come onstream
offshore Norway, UK, Alaska, Russia, and the Canadian
Arctic. The number of operators to bring fields onstream
within these waters has risen from 33 to an expected 63
by 2017. Leading players are expected to remain Statoil,
Gazprom, and BP. Going forward, key developments in
terms of reserve additions include Johan Sverdrup on the
Norwegian continental shelf, which Infield Systems forecasts to begin production in 2017. Gazproms Prira-
zlomnoye field, expected to come onstream before the end of 2012, is to be the second largest development
in terms of prospective reserves during the timeframe. Infield Systems also anticipates significant reserves to
enter production on the delayed Skarv field offshore Norway by the end of 2012. However, the most signifi-
cant development expected to enter production during the forecast timeframe is that of Gazproms Shtokman,
holding 73% of total reserves onstream throughout the following five-year period. Within the Canadian Arctic,
reserves are expected to be brought onstream toward the end of the current forecast timeframe by ExxonMo-
bil and BP Canada Energy Co.
Catarina Podevyn, Analyst, Infield Systems Ltd.
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GLOBAL E&P
Jeremy Beckman London
Deepwater driving
exploration drilling
Wood Mackenzie predicts a 15% increase
in conventional exploration spending world-
wide this year to about $85 billion. According
to Andrew Latham, VP Exploration Service,
the industry is investing heavily because re-
turns are so strong. Results from wells drilled
during the frst half of 2012 suggest this could
be the best year ever, he added with a rough-
ly 50-50 split between oil and gas.
Deepwater is the key to this success,
Latham said. The total volume being found
in deepwater is now more than the yield from
onshore exploration or from shelf drilling. And
deepwater is typically more oily. Fewer wells
are drilled in deepwater, but those drilled add
multiples to reserves, and thats the reason
why deepwater remains so attractive. East Af-
rica and the eastern Mediterranean Sea have
provided most of the major new gas fnds.
Latin America/South Atlantic
Zarubezhneft has contracted the drilling rig
Songa Mercur for exploration offshore Cuba,
starting in late November. The rig left Malay-
sia last month for Trinidad where it is due to
remain on standby until the program begins.
Chevron has agreed to take a 50% interest

in blocks 42 and 45 offshore Surinam from
Kosmos Energy. Both are 155 mi (250 km)
from the capital Paramaribo, and extend over
water depths of 650-8,500 ft (200-2,600 m).
Kosmos will remain operator during the ex-
ploration phase, handing the reins to Chev-
ron in the event of a commercial discovery.
Petrobras has discovered heavy oil (15

API) in the post-salt Grana Padano prospect
in the Espirito Santo basin. The well was
drilled in the BM-ES-24 concession in 1,208
m (3,963 ft) of water, 58 km (36 mi) offshore
Vitoria, and 64 km (40 mi) from the Golfnho
feld. In the presalt Santos basin, Petrobras
found much lighter oil via a well on the
southern part of the Sapinhoa feld in the
Sul de Guara region. The company planned
a formation test to evaluate the productivity
of the oil reservoirs.
In the Campos basin, Petrobras has agreed
totransfer operatorship of the Xerelete conces-
sion to Total, leaving both parties with a 41.2%
interest, the balance held by BP. The permit in-
cludes the 2001 heavy oil fnd Xerelete, 40 km
(25 mi) west of the recent giant Pao de Azucar
discovery. Drilling on a presalt prospect be-
neath Xerelete could start next year.
Premier Oil is to farm into 60% of Rock-

hoppers license interests offshore the Falk-
land Islands. These include the proposed
Sea Lion oil and gas development in the
offshore North Falkland basin. The entry
package totals just over $1 billion, including
a carry of up to $722 million for Rockhop-
pers development costs. The parties have
also agreed to pursue exploration of analo-
gous plays offshore southern Africa.
Italys Edison International is taking a 25%
stake in Falkland Oil and Gas northern area
licenses and 12.5% of its southern area per-
mits, and will pay its share of upcoming and
historic drilling costs.
West Africa
Sierra Leones government has issued
provisional awards for various exploration
blocks under the countrys third offshore
bid round. Blocks SL 8A-10 and SL 8B-10
went to a consortium of Chevron Sahara,
Noble Energy, and London-based ODYE.
They cover a total area of 5,604 sq mi (14,514
sq km) and contain leads in early to late Cre-
taceous oil-prone marine source rocks. Af-
rican Petroleum and Kosmos Energy were
provisionally awarded block SL-4A-10.
Anadarko has discovered light oil in the

deepwater Paon structure off Cote dIvoire.
Paon-1X was drilled in block CI-103 in 7,195
ft (2,193 m) of water, encountering more
than 100 ft (31 m) of 40 API Turonian oil
pay. It confrmed the extension of the Upper
Cretaceous fan system from offshore neigh-
boring Ghana to the east.
Marathon Oil is re-entering Gabon. The

company has agreed to farm into a 25% inter-
est in the Total-operated Diaba license G4-
223 and related permit, which extends more
than 9,075 sq km (3,504 sq mi) offshore
southern Gabon. Water depths range from
100-3,500 m (328-11,483 ft). Late last year,
Total processed data from a 6,000-sq km
(2,316-sq mi) 3D seismic survey. The part-
ners plan to start exploration drilling early
next year on presalt targets.
Esso Exploration Angola (Block 15) has

started production from the Kizomba Satel-
lites Phase 1 project, which entails drilling
18 subsea wells tied back to the existing
Kizomba A and B FPSOs. The initial phase
of this program should deliver 100,000 b/d
of oil and recover a total of 250 MMbbl from
the Mavacola and Clochas felds, 95 km (59
mi) offshore Angola in 4,500 ft (1,372 m) of
water.
Mediterranean Sea
Italys government has eased restrictions
on offshore exploration and production,
imposed in August 2010 as a result of the
Macondo blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. Al-
though a range of conditions remain in place
for activities within 12 mi (19 km) of the
Italian coastline, they no longer apply to ap-
plications for production concessions under
review at the time the ban was introduced.
As a result, Medoilgas Italia believes the
way is now open to request granting of a
concession for the Ombrina Mare oil and
gas feld in the central Adriatic Sea off east-
ern Italy. The company had received tech-
nical approval for its development plan in
June 2009, and was awaiting environmental
approval when restrictions came into force.
Another operator affected by the lockout,
Dublin-based Petroceltic, has been awarded
two new six-year exploration licenses close
to existing oil and gas felds in the central
Adriatic. B.R 270 and B.R.271 are in water
depths of 30-150 m (98-492 ft), with pros-
pects identifed in at least three working hy-
drocarbon plays.
BP has brought onstream the $334-mil-

lion Seth gas feld development in Egypts
Ras El Bar concession, 60 km (37 mi) off-
shore in the East Nile Delta. The location
is close to the producing HaPy and Denise
felds. Development called for a six-slot,
normally unmanned wellhead platform
with gas exported via the Denise (Pliocene)
pipeline to the El Gamil terminal near Port
Said. Under a frst phase, two wells in the
western part of the Seth reservoir should
produce about 240 bcf (6.8 bcm). Phase
2 involves two wells on the eastern part of
the feld which should both be onstream by
end-2012, lifting total production above 250
MMcf/d (7 MMcm/d).
ATP East Med found gas with its frst ex-

ploratory well offshore Israel in the deepwa-
ter Levant basin. The Shimshon well, drilled
in 3,622 ft (1,104 m) of water, encountered
more than 62 ft (19 m) of pay in the Bet Gu-
vrin sands.
Another deepwater rig, the semisubmersible
Noble Homer Ferrington, was due to start drill-
Global reserves
added per well
during 2002-2011.
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GLOBAL E&P
ing the Myra-1 well last month for GeoGlobal
Resources. The location is 80 km(49.7 mi) off-
shore Israel in 1,500 m (4,921 ft) water depth.
The well was expected to take 50 days to drill.
Caspian Sea
The Shah Deniz consortium has selected
the Nabucco West route for exporting gas to
southeast and central Europe from Stage 2 of
the Shah Deniz feld development offshore
Azerbaijan. Operator BP said one of the clinch-
ing factors was the greater maturity of the Na-
bucco West proposal, which gave the partners
confdence this pipeline project could be deliv-
ered on the same timescale as the Stage 2 de-
velopment. This will involve installation of two
newproduction platforms and 26 subsea wells
on the Shah Deniz feld, and 500 km (311 mi)
of associated subsea pipelines.
Also in the Azeri sector, Total has submitted
a Notice of Discovery and Commerciality for
its Absheron gas/condensate discovery, drilled
last September 100 km (62 mi) southeast of
Naku. The company claims gas reserves could
be in the range 5-10 tcf (142-283 bcm). Last
month a side track was under way from the
Absheron X-2 well toward the northern part of
the elongated Abhseron structure. Further ap-
praisal drilling could follow next year.
Blue Water Shipping has been delivering

a newbuild jackup to the Astrakhan shipyard
at Astrakhan on the northern coast. In order
to enter the land-locked sea the LeTourneau
S116 (E) rig, built by Lamprell in the UAE, had
to be broken down into three main shipments
that were transported on barges through Rus-
sias Volga-Don river system. The client is Eur-
asia Drilling Co.
Middle East
Technip has an EPIC contract from Dubai
Petroleum for the South West Fatah and Falah
felds, both 90 km (56 mi) offshore Dubai in
waters up to 53 m (174 ft) deep. The contract
scope covers replacement of a 12-in. (30.5-cm)
gas pipeline and six 18-in. (45.7-cm) water
injection lines. Technip will use the S-lay ves-
sel G1201 for both pipelay and diver support
operations.
East Africa
Kenya has awarded production sharing
contracts for four ultra-deepwater blocks in the
Lamu basin. Eni was assigned 100% of L-21,
L-23, andL-24 covering a total area of more than
35,000 sq km (13,513 sq mi). Total gained 100%
in L-22, where water depths range from 2,000-
3,500 m (6,562-11,483 ft). In both cases, the ini-
tial focus will be on seismic acquisition.
Statoil and ExxonMobil have another poten-

tially large gas discovery inultra-deepwater off
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GLOBAL E&P
Tanzania. The Ocean Rig Poseidon drilled the
well on the Lavani prospect in 2,400 m (7,874
ft) of water, encountering95 m (312 ft) of good-
quality reservoir sandstone. Statoil estimates
in-place resources at 3 tcf (85 bcm).
In Mozambiques Offshore Area 1 to the
south, in the Rovuma basin, Anadarko main-
tained its strike rate, fnding more than 300
net ft (92 m) of net gas pay in the Atumpros-
pect in two Oligocene fan systems. Early
analysis suggested a connection to the Gol-
fnho discovery drilled earlier in the year, 10
mi (16.5 km) to the northwest. The partners
planned to follow up with appraisal drilling
and drillstem testing on both structures.
Anadarko believes this newly identifed
complex could hold recoverable reserves
in the range of 10-30 tcf (283-850 bcm), with
further exploration upside nearby.
Asia-Pacifc/Australia
The jackup Kantan 6 started drilling a
third appraisal well last month on the North-
Veninskaya formation in the Veninsky li-
cense block, 7 km (4.3 mi) offshore Sakhalin
Island, eastern Russia, in 25 m (82 ft) water
depth. Venineft, a joint venture between Ros-
neft and Sinopec, is operating the well on
the block as part of the Sakhalin-3 project.
Drilling and subsequent geological and geo-
physical surveys will continue through end-
September.
Primeline Energy has signed a produc-

tion sharing contract with CNOOC for block
33/07 in the East China Sea. The block is 390
km (242 mi) offshore Shanghai and extends
more than 8,877 sq km (3,427 sq mi) in a wa-
ter depth of 90 m (295 ft). Primeline will ac-
quire 3D seismic data and drill wells at its sole
expense during the exploration period, while
CNOOC can take an interest of up to 51% in
the event of any commercial discoveries.
Oil and gas has started fowing through

the H4 wellhead platform from the Te Giac
Trang feld in block 16-1 offshore southern
Vietnam. At peak, the facility will deliver
55,000 b/d to the Armada TGT1 FPSO. Con-
currently, the PetroVietnam-owned jackup
PVD-II is working on a four-well infeld pro-
gram at the H1 wellhead platform.
In the Gulf of Tonkin off eastern Viet-
nam, Eni is teaming up with KrisEnergy and
Neon Energy to explore blocks 105-110/04
and 120 covering 15,600 sq km(6,023 sq mi)
in the Song Hong and Phu Kanh basins. Re-
cent drilling in the region suggests prospec-
tivity for gas. Eni will operate and plans to
drill at least two exploratory wells.
Petronas has signed an amended PSC and

two new exploration contracts with Hess in
the offshore North Malay basin for adjacent
blocks PM302, PM325, and PM326B. The
agreement opens the way to development
of nine stranded gas felds with combined
reserves of about 1.7 tcf (48 bcm) and con-
struction of a new gas-gathering, process-
ing, and transportation hub. The partners
plan an early production system phase, tar-
geting frst gas in early 2013, followed by
a full-feld development that should deliver
about 300 MMcf/d (8.5 MMcm/d) from 2Q
2015 onward. Total investment is estimated
at $5.2 billion.
ConocoPhillips and Santos are farming

out a 37.5% interest to South Koreas SK
Group in the Caldita and Barossa gas discov-
eries offshore northern Australia. In return,
SK will fund the frst $260 million of costs
for a three-well appraisal campaign slated to
start next year. Additionally, it will fund up to
$90 million of pre-front-end engineering and
design (pre-FEED) and FEED studies lined
up for 2014. Development options include
foating LNG, a tie-in to ConocoPhillips off-
shore Bayu Undan complex, or a tieback to
an existing LNG plant at Darwin.
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____________________
Tor
Statoil operator
Statoil partner
Other licenses
Oil
Gas
Gas and
condensate
Gyda
Stavanger
King Lear
PL333 PL333 PL146
2/4-18
2/4-14
Albuskjell
Vest Ekofsk
Ekofsk
2/4-21 & 2/4-21A
OFFSHORE EUROPE
Jeremy Beckman London
UK investment climate improves
Investment in UK offshore development projects this year should
approach 11.5 billion ($17.8 billion), according to the latest Eco-
nomic Report from Oil & Gas UK. This is an increase of more than
30% compared with the total of 8.5 billion ($13.1 billion) commit-
ted to UK offshore felds in 2011.
Various large projects were launched last year, notably west of Shet-
land, and others are close to moving forward. The feel-good factor is
partly due to the measures announced by the UK government inMarch
to stimulate new activity. Oil & Gas UKs chief executive MalcolmWebb
said: Following a period of sustained fscal uncertainty, the industry is
now more confdent that the government recognizes the maturity and
costliness of the province relative to other investment destinations.
However, production from UK felds dropped unexpectedly by
19% last year, due to lower gas demand and unplanned stoppages re-
lated to asset integrity work, averaging about 1.8 MMboe/d. At the
same time, production costs rose by a quarter compared with 2010
to $17/boe, while the number of exploration wells drilled was half
the level of the previous year, although the success rate was high.
Following a pledge in this years budget to improve clarity on tax
relief for North Sea decommissioning programs, the government has
published a consultation, due to run until
Oct. 1. This proposes the creation of De-
commissioning Relief Deeds, to specify
levels of relief that oil companies may re-
ceive. It also promises greater certainty
on the amount of relief they will be enti-
tled to when faced with liability for decom-
missioning costs of another party that has
defaulted.
The aim is to reduce the level of secu-
rity required when one party acquires
anothers assets, or when companies op-
erate felds jointly. That uncertainty has
been holding back offshore asset trans-
actions and infrastructure upgrades, but
the government hopes the new initiative
will persuade companies to free up more
capital for investment, in turn increasing
or extending production fromUK felds.
Chevron, Shell launch
feld studies
Marchs tax proposals appear to have had the desired
effect, with two of the majors pressing forward with developments
that might otherwise have remained stalled. When the Treasury un-
expectedly jacked up North Sea petroleum taxes last year, Chevron
responded by reporting a decrease in net value in its Lochnagar/
Rosebank oil felds west of Shetland. It added that it was in discus-
sions with the Treasury on feld allowances to improve the projects
economics.
This request has come to pass, and Chevron has initiated front-end
engineering and design for the 240-MMboe Rosebank feld, 80 mi
(49.7 km) northwest of Shetland, close to the median line with the
Faroe Islands. The water depth of 1,100 m (3,700 ft) is deeper than
any UK development to date, and the location is remote fromexisting
oil pipelines or oil processing plants.
Chevron is working on a scheme involving an FPSO with water
injection wells, subsea facilities, and a gas export pipeline. According
to analysts BritBoss, both a ship-shape and Sevan cylindrical-shape
foater have been under consideration. One of Chevrons partners,
OMV, also has a stake in the Hess-operated Cambo discovery, 25 km
(15.5 mi) south of Lochnagar, which is close to a development deci-
sion. One option could be a tie-in to the Lochnagar facilities.
Shell, which in recent years has been selling off its UK North Sea as-
sets, has provisionally engaged SBM Offshore to lease and operate an
FPSO for the Fram feld development in the central North Sea, subject
to a fnal investment decision. This was another project apparently imper-
iled by last years tax overhaul. The hull will be formed from a converted
Aframax tanker, and will incorporate an internal turret mooring system,
with the oil offoaded to shuttle tankers and the gas sent to Scotland via
the Fulmar pipeline. According to BritBoss, the FPSOwill have produc-
tion capacity for 40,300 b/d of oil and 220 MMcf/d (6.2 MMcm/d) of gas
from eight subsea production wells at two separate drill centers.
Dana Petroleum has started detailed engineering for its $1.5-bil-
lion Western Isles project that will extract 45 MMbbl of oil from the
Harris and Barra felds, 160 km(99 mi) east of the Shetlands. Sevan
Marine, which has been working on the FEED for over a year, will
work with Dana on the FPSO hosting the nine-well development.
Norway wells open new provinces
Nineteen exploration wells were spudded offshore Norway dur-
ing the frst half of this year, two down on the corresponding period
for 2011. According to the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, the
fgure might have been higher, but some of the contracted rigs were
delayed fnishing operations elsewhere.
By mid-year there had been seven new
discoveries across the Norwegian conti-
nental shelf. The largest in volume terms,
both operated by Statoil, were the Havis
oil fnd in the Barents Sea and more re-
cently, the HP/HT King Lear deep gas/
condensate fnd in the southern Nor-
wegian North Sea, drilled by the jackup
Maersk Gallant 20 km (12.4 mi) north
of the Ekofsk complex. This well was a
fresh look at a structure Saga Petroleum
previously attempted to drill in the 1990s
before pulling out due to technical issues.
Statoil estimates potential reserves at
King Lear in the range of 70-200 MMboe,
and says it will evaluate standalone and
tieback development options in an area
better known as an oil province. Alter-
natively, it may bring in resources from
other gas felds in the area, which could
include Tommeliten, for a new gas hub.
Partner Total was awarded two blocks
nearby under the last APA licensing round and is lining up an inven-
tory of similar exploration prospects.
In the Danish North Sea, Maersk Oil plans to drill an HP/HT well
on the Maja license after securing a two-year extension for this and
the adjacent Gita concession from the Danish Energy Agency. Maja is
close to the Maersk-operated Harald feld. The well will be drilled to
a TD of about 5,000 m(16,404 ft). Drilling will start following comple-
tion of pressure modeling studies. A typical Danish HP/HT well costs
about $100 million to drill, the company says.
Study highlights well control failings
Petroleum Safety Authority Norway is urging greater investigation
of well control incidents on the Norwegian continental shelf, in re-
sponse to fndings from a new study by technical institute SINTEF.
Between 2008 and 2011, the number of well control incidents report-
ed rose from 11 to 28, but during 2003-2010, only 10 out of a total
of 146 incidents were investigated. Respondents generally pointed to
technology as the main cause, and this was often the case, PSA said.
But the percentage of technical measures implemented by the industry
remains low, it concluded.
Location of Statoils King Lear discovery.
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_______________
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GULF OF MEXI CO
Bruce Beaubouef Houston
GoM deepwater outlook
positive through 2016
E&P activity in the Gulf of Mexico contin-
ues to rebound after its nadir in 2010, and a
recent study by consulting frm Wood Mack-
enzie confrms this positive outlook. The re-
port, entitled Deepwater GoM Production to
Rebound Strongly, predicts that the produc-
tion outlook will continue to improve through
2016, but it also suggests that there will be a
few more bumps in the road until production
returns to pre-Macondo levels.
Wood Mackenzie observes that the deepwa-
ter GoM will be a key production growth area
for a number of the majors portfolios over the
next four years. Thereport notes that BP stands
out in this analysis, with the return of produc-
tion from deepwater Gulf representing 45% of
its global increase over this period. The region
is also a key driver of near-term expansion for
Shell, Chevron, ExxonMobil, and Statoil.
If this growth is to be achieved, the recent
decline in deepwater GoMproductionwill need
to be reversed. The report notes that produc-
tion declined by almost 18% to 1.4 MMboe/d
in 2011. Despite a relatively calm hurricane
season, the decrease was expected due to per-
mit-approval constraints and a tight rig market
which delayed development. Wood Mackenzie
says that it expects production to continue de-
clining this year before reversing course with
signifcant year-over-year gains to a new peak
of over 2.0 MMboe/d in 2016.
The report also notes that production was
expected to drop in 2011, and in fact came in
at 1.4 MMboe/d a level not seen since 2008.
This represents an 18% decrease from 2010.
Production is expected to continue its decline in
2012 by another 7%, to 1.3 MMboe/d, resulting
in a loss of 0.5 MMboe/d since its peak in 2009.
Besides the slow-down in the permit-ap-
proval process and a tight rig market, the re-
port notes that most of the decline is due to a
few felds. Atlantis, Mad Dog, Mars, and Thun-
der Horse will account for 60% of the decline
between 2009 and 2012, with Thunder Horse
having the largest decline at around 95,000
boe/d. These felds were some of the biggest
producers prior to Macondo.
Things are expected to get better over the
next few years. Production is expected to im-
prove steadily post-2012 to 1.6 MMboe/d by
2014. Activity at several key felds, including
the four with the greatest declines, and addi-
tional production fromseveral new felds will
be key to reversing this trend.
The return to the pre-Macondolevel is expect-
ed by 2015 and a new high of over 2.0 MMboe/d
is expected in 2016. Growth from 2014 to 2016
will be spearheaded by many new, large felds,
such as Hadrian, Jack/St. Malo, and Lucius, as
well as development activity at legacy assets.
Future production will be more challenging,
as activity moves to deeper water. The report
states that the majority of the new felds will
be located in ultra-deepwater (> 1,500 m, or ap-
prox. 4,921 ft) by 2015. It is also moving to the
oil-rich subsalt Pliocene/Miocene and Lower
Tertiary plays. These frontier felds will require
innovative advancements in engineering and
technology, and will be more expensive to de-
velop. High oil prices and lessons learned from
Perdido and Cascade/Chinook will facilitate
progress in these emerging plays.
Growth will be driven mostly by subsalt felds,
which will account for over 65% of production by
2016. Development work at the legacy subsalt
Miocene Atlantis, Mad Dog, and Thunder Horse
felds, as well as the supra/subsalt Mars project,
will contribute a combined290,000 boe/dby 2016.
By 2016, production from the new subsalt
Pliocene/Miocene Hadrian and Lucius felds
is expected to contribute a combined 175,000
boe/d. Meanwhile, the subsalt Lower Tertiary
Jack/St. Malo and Cascade/Chinook develop-
ments will add a combined 150,000 boe/d.
The report also projects that production
from conventional Pleistocene, Pliocene, and
Miocene felds will remain relatively steady
from 2012 to 2014, and then decline. In the
Mississippi Canyon protraction area, LLOGs
Who Dat feld and Nobles Galapagos project
which includes the Isabela, Santa Cruz, and
Santiago felds will counter the trend and
add a combined 55,000 boe/d by 2016.
Eight companies Anadarko, BP, Shell,
Chevron, BHP Billiton, ExxonMobil, Statoil,
and Petrobras out of 63 with production in
deepwater GoM are expected to account for
93% of the growth from 2012 to 2016.
The consulting frm notes there is no guar-
antee about the rebound, as several signifcant
risk factors remain. The most serious of the
risks that could retard this positive prediction
is in economics. Oil price declines to $70/bbl
or less would likely delay or even suspend
deepwater plans.
Danny II well discovers oil
Helix Energy Solutions Group reports
an oil discovery at the Danny II exploration
well at the Bushwood feld in Garden Banks
block 506, approximately 145 mi (233 km)
offshore from Galveston, Texas, in the Gulf
of Mexico. The Danny II exploration well en-
countered more than 70 ft (21 m) of net pay.
The Danny II exploration well was drilled to
a TD of 14,750 ft (4,496 m), in a water depth of
approximately 2,800 ft (853 m). The well is be-
ing completed and probably will be developed
via a subsea tieback to Helixs East Cameron
block 381 platform 31 mi (50 km) to the north
in 370 ft (113 m) of water. First production
from Danny II is expected in 4Q2012.
Galapagos fows,
Deep Blue appraisal stops
All three Noble Energy Inc. wells at the Gala-
pagos development in the deepwater Gulf of
Mexico are now producing and at rates greater
than forecast. At the same time, Noble is dis-
continuing appraisal of the Deep Blue prospect.
Production at Galapagos started from the
BP-operated Isabela feld in early June, followed
by the Noble Energy-operated Santa Cruz and
Santiago felds. With the addition of Galapagos,
Noble Energys deepwater Gulf of Mexico pro-
duction has increased to approximately 30,000
boe/d, with more than 80% of that as oil.
On Deep Blue, Noble and partners will not
continue with appraisal work even though
the initial well and a side track both encoun-
tered hydrocarbons. The Deep Blue well orig-
inally spudded late in 2009 and the side track
was under way when the moratorium follow-
ing Macondo became effective. Noble Energy
was required to suspend operations, and the
rig working at that time was released. After the
moratorium was lifted, another rig was certi-
fed under new regulatory requirements and
the side track was fnished.
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______________
SUBSEA SYSTEMS
Gene Kliewer Houston
Contracts awarded for subsea work
Subsea 7 S.A has won a SURF contract valued at $175 million from
ATP Oil & Gas (UK) Ltd. /Bluewater, the operator on the Cheviot
feld, 120 km (75 mi) east of Shetland. The Cheviot development will
use a moored foating process facility which will import oil and gas
from four satellite drill centers. Oil will be exported via shuttle tank-
ers and gas will go to a third-party host facility.
Also at Cheviot, Duco Inc. has won a contract to engineer, project
manage, and fabricate four static steel tube umbilicals, four dynamic
thermoplastic umbilicals, and a thermoplastic subsea intervention
valve umbilcal. Total length is 12 km(7.5 mi) and the umbilicals are
to control four drill centers. Duco also will provide the subsea dis-
tribution system which includes umbilical termination assemblies,
subsea distribution units, 64 hydraulic and electrical fying leads,
and other equipment.
Norway approves subsea
compression for sgard
Development of the sgard subsea gas compression was ap-
proved in the Storting (Norwegian parliament). The newinstallation
is expected to increase Mikkel and Midgard production by about
280 MMboe. According to plan, sgard subsea gas compression will
be ready for start-up in the frst half of 2015.
Subsea gas compression is an important step on the road to-
wards our ambition of installing the elements for a subsea plant by
2020. Processing on the seabed could open up areas that are not cur-
rently accessible with traditional technology, said Anders Opedal,
who leads the project technology and drilling.
Elsewhere on the Norwegian continental shelf, A/S Norske Shell
has named Aker Solutions to supply subsea connections for the
Draugen feld. Aker will deliver complete tie-in connection systems
for production fowlines and umbilicals in the feld. Equipment deliv-
eries will be made from 2012 to 2013. Draugen is in block 6407/9 in
the Haltenbanken area of the Norwegian Sea, about 140 km(87 mi)
from Kristiansund, Norway, at a sea depth of 250 m (820 ft).
Subsea equipment advances
Subsea Vision has taken delivery of a Saab Seaeye Cougar XT
Compact, the low profle ROV specially designed for working in
high current areas and where access is restricted. Subsea Visions
immediate target market for the Cougar XT Compact is the North
Sea oil and gas industry. Saab Seaeye says the ROV comes with six
thrusters: four vectored horizontal and two vertical, each with veloc-
ity feedback for control in all directions, and interfaced to a control
system and solid-state gyro for enhanced azimuth stability.
First Subsea has used its automatic release clamp connector for
bend stiffeners to successfully attach six Technip bend stiffeners
to risers for the Glas Dowr FPSO in Kitan oil feld. The ARC tech-
nology connected 2 in. gas lift risers, and 6-in. production risers to
the FPSOs I-Tubes. Kitan is in the Joint Petroleum Development
Area of the Timor Sea administered by Timor-Leste and Australia.
Kitan is operated by Eni (40%) in permit JPDA 06-105, with INPEX
Timor Sea, Ltd. (35%) and Talisman Resources (JPDA 06-105) Pty
Ltd. (25%) as joint venture partners.
Marathon to expand
subsea drill centers in Alvheim
Marathon Oil Norge AS has awarded Technip a contract for on-
going expansion of the subsea drill centers at Kneler B and Volund
in the Alvheim area in the North Sea. The water depth is around
120 m (394 ft) and the subsea work will be done using ROVs and
divers.
Aker Solutions has sent subsea manifolds and riser bases to Eni Norges Goliat project in the Barents Sea. Akers Goliat contract covers engineer-
ing, procurement, and construction of a complete subsea production system. Subsea hardware deliveries include eight overtrawlable four-slot subsea
templates with manifolds, wellheads system, 24 subsea trees, subsea and topside controls systems, 20 km (12.4 mi) of steel tube umbilicals, work-over
equipment, and a tie-in and connection system.
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Copyright2011AkerSolutions.Allrightsreserved. www.akerso|ut|ons.com/subsea
Be master
of the Arct|c
Enterthe Arcticwith Aker Solutions,theonly company
offering afullsuiteoftechnologyto develop subsea
oil andgas assets strandedinharshenvironments.
Tosucceed here,youneedintegrated solutionsthat
overcome thechallenges oflong-distance tie-backsin
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VESSELS, RI GS, & SURFACE SYSTEMS
Bruce Beaubouef Houston
Keppel FELS wins
Lula-Iracema FPSO contract
Keppel FELS Brasil has won a $200-mil-
lion FPSO topsides construction contract
from Modec and Toyo Offshore Production
Systems. It covers fabrication and integra-
tion of topside modules for the FPSO Cidade
de Mangaratiba MV24 at Keppel FELS Bra-
sils BrasFELS yard in Angra dos Reis.
The new vessel, due to be completed by
2Q 2014, is to serve for 20 years at the Lula-
Iracema South Area in the Santos basin. The
vessel will be chartered to Tupi, the Dutch-
registered company owned by Petrobras
Netherlands, BG Overseas Holding, and
Galp Energias E&P Brasil. It will have an oil
production capacity of 150,000 b/d, and stor-
age capacity for 1.6 MMbbl.
Work at BrasFELS should start in 4Q 2012.
The major work scope includes fabrication
of a helideck, fare tower, risers, manifolds,
waste heat recovery units, sulfate removal
unit, water injection unit, and integration.
The frst project between Keppel and Mo-
dec/Toyo on fabrication and integration of
topside modules for the FPSO Cidade de
Sao Paulo was contracted in February 2011.
This program is on track for completion by
the end of 2012.
Songa Offshore provides
update on rig feet
Songa Offshore has provided an update
on its rig feet. Songa Venus continues to
operate for Petronas Carigali offshore Ma-
laysia. Songa expects a one-year contract ex-
tension to be confrmed this month, keeping
the rig in Malaysia until 3Q 2013.
Songa Mercur is in sheltered waters for light
maintenance and an intermediate survey near
Labuan, Malaysia. The rig is being prepared
for foat on and securing procedures on a
heavy-lift vessel for transport to Trinidad. Es-
timated departure was July 8 with a 40-45 day
transit time. On arrival in Trinidad, the rig will
undergo contractual preparatory work for a
contract with Zarubezhneft in Cuba this fall.
Songa Delta is operating under the Winter-
shall/Det Norske Oljeselskap contract farmed
out to Suncor. It is fnishing a well, and then
will head to the CCB yard near Bergen for a
scheduled upgrade program prior to starting a
four plus one-year contract for Statoil.
Songa Trym, which has been working for
Statoil on the Troll feld, also will head to the
CCB yard next month for a Special Periodic
Survey and upgrade program prior to start-
ing a three plus two-year for Statoil under
direct Songa management.
Songa Eclipsestarted aone well plus 18-month
contract for Total E&P Angola in May. Follow-
ing initial downtime related to readying of the
BOP following an acceptance test, the rig has
achieved 90% operational effciency over the
last three weeks.
Rig secured to drill
offshore Tunisia
Cooper Energy Ltd. and the Bargou Joint
Venture have signed a letter of intent with Grup
Servicii Petroliere SA to contract the GPS Ju-
piter jackup rig to drill offshore Tunisia. The
Hammamet West 3 well is scheduled to spud in
December 2012, depending upon completion of
prior rig commitments.
Hammamet West oil fnd is on an anticline
in the Bargou Exploration Permit, Gulf of Ham-
mamet in 50 m (164 ft) water depth. Two wells
drilled to date indicate a gross oil column of at
least 190 m (623 ft) in the Abiod formation.
Participants in the Bargou Joint Venture
are Cooper Energy Bargou Ltd. (30% and
operator), Dragon Oil plc (55%), and Jacka
Tunisia Bargou Pty Ltd (15%).
Lamprell to build new
Seajacks jackup vessel
Lamprell has won a $120.9-million contract
to design, construct, and deliver to Seajacks 4
Ltd. a modifed Busto MSC NG 2500X jackup
service vessel. The Seajacks Hydra will be built
at Lamprells Hamriyah facility with delivery
scheduled in 2014.
The 7,000-metric ton (7,716-ton) vessel will
have dynamic positioning, high-speed jacking,
400- metric ton (441-ton) crane, propulsion, ac-
commodations for 100 people, and a 1,400-met-
ric ton (1,543-ton) payload.
Hydra will become the fourth vessel in
our feet and is part of our long-term growth
plan following the acquisition of the company
by Marubeni and INCJ earlier this year,
said Kevin Alcock, VP New Build Projects,
Seajacks. As part of that plan, we are already
working on the design and specifcation of
vessel fve.
NDC jackup overhaul
completed
Drydocks World has completed a mainte-
nance programon the jackup Delma for Abu
Dhabi-based National Drilling Co. (NDC).
Delma is a cantilever-type, self-elevating
drilling platform built in Brazil in 1983. The
scope of work involved a complete overhaul
of the starboard and port side cranes, steel
renewal in tanks, and improvements to the
high-pressure mud lines, stand pipe mani-
fold and various pipes.
Pipelines were hydro jetted, and the rig
was blasted and painted. The internal rig in-
spection and painting of the legs and derrick
were performed using rope access.
Upgrade work included replacement of two
life boats and davits and shale shakers, fabri-
cation and installation of a BOP trolley beam,
and renewal of grasshopper cable trays.
NDC CEO Abdalla Saeed Al Suwaidi said:
A reliable, modern rig feet is essential to sus-
tainable success; therefore, NDC launched a
major asset renewal plan that involved invest-
ment in new rigs, as well as the modernization
of existing ones.
Endeavour jackup scheduled
for trip to Cook Inlet
Kenai Offshore Ventures, LLC has ex-
ecuted a contract to transport the Endeavour
jackup drilling rig from Singapore to the
Cook Inlet, Alaska, using a heavy-lift vessel.
The trip was expected to begin at the end of
July and take three weeks to complete. Once
at Cook Inlet, the rig will be offoaded and
towed to its frst well location.
EMAS wins six vessel
charter contracts
EMAS Marine has won six contracts for
offshore vessel support in Asia and Africa val-
ued at $87 million. The contracts come from
a variety of operators and service companies
and include platformsupply vessels as well as
anchor handling, towing, supply vessels.
Songa Venus continues to operate for Petronas
Carigali offshore Malaysia.
Cooper Energy and the Bargou Joint Venture
have signed a letter of intent with Grup Servicii
Petroliere SA to contract the GPS Jupiter jackup
rig to drill offshore Tunisia.
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_________________________
End-of-year oil reserves
Integrateds Large independents Independents
B
b
b
l
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DRI LLI NG & PRODUCTI ON
Eldon Ball Houston
Rising development costs
For those who want to quantify how much
oil and gas development and operating costs
have risen lately (as they always do during
good times), IHS, the US-based energy think
tank, has developed a proprietary index to
track just such numbers. Their Upstream
Capital Cost Index (UCCI) rose 2.3% over the
3Q 2011-1Q 2012 period to a new high index
score of 227. Until you understand that the
values are indexed to the year 2000, that may
be meaningless, so well translate. It means
that capital costs of $1 billion in 2000 would
now be $2.27 billion. Likewise, the Upstream
Operating Cost Index (UOCI) rose to 2.1%
percent to 189 over the same period, mean-
ing operating costs of $100 million in 2000 are
now a cool $189 million.
IHS says that the high rate of increase for
the UCCI can be attributed to increased day
rates for deepwater rigs. Despite new entries
into the market, these rigs are in high de-
mand and with rising fuel and labor costs can
command premium rates. The unconvention-
al drive in the US has put pressure on goods
and services although the drop in gas prices
has switched some of the drilling fromgas to
tight oil. However, the high duty onshore rigs
and fracing crews remain in high demand.
IHS expects upstream capital and operat-
ing costs to continue to rise in 2012 driven by
increased costs in rig day rates, equipment,
and oilfeld services.
2011 banner year
for US E&P growth
While costs may be rising, that fact is not in-
hibiting spending in the US, and with good re-
sults, according to a study by Ernst & Young.
As a result of strong oil prices and technolo-
gy advances, the US oil and gas industry had a
banner year for growth across several catego-
ries. Combined exploration and development
spending increased 38% in 2011, according to
Ernst & Youngs annual US E&P benchmark
study. Oil reserves grew by 9%, or 1.7 Bbbl in
2011, while oil production increased 3%. Gas
reserves and production rose 4% and 9%, re-
spectively in 2011. Oil and gas revenues expe-
rienced 23% growth in 2011.
Independents the driving force. As impres-
sive as those numbers are, the success can
be attributed primarily to US-based indepen-
dent operators. They were the pioneers who
tested new technology and new geographic
locations.
US oil reserves grew by 23% from 2007 to
2011, and as the accompanying chart shows,
most of that growth came fromindependent
operating companies, not integrated oil com-
panies or national oil companies. The result
is that independent operators now own the
majority of US oil reserves, although that
may change due to acquisitions by majors.
Long thought of as an oil region in decline,
the combination of strong prices for oil and ever-
improving technology has turned the US into a
growth market, said Marcela Donadio, Ameri-
cas oil & gas sector leader for Ernst & Young.
Long-term implications. The abundant sup-
ply and cheap prices for natural gas will have a
stimulating effect on both petrochemicals and
manufacturing in the US. Expect to see this
trend growing as the word spreads. Addition-
ally, natural gas may emerge as a transporta-
tion fuel as infrastructure for delivery grows.
It is an economic and environmental winner
compared to any other fuel choice.
LNG markets will feel the impact. Once
thought of as an LNGimporter, the US could
easily become an LNG exporter as soon as
liquefaction facilities are available. That sce-
nario can spread geographically, given the
right political climate.
Exploration spending to
hit $85 billion in 2012
Energy analyst Wood Mackenzie predicts
a 15% increase in conventional exploration
spending this year to about $85 billion.
In the past two to three years, the volumes of
the new conventional fnds have been getting
bigger, and results so far in 2012 suggest this
year couldbe the best ever, with a roughly 50/50
split between gas and oil, the company says.
The main source of new oil fnds contin-
ues to be the presalt plays in the deepwater
Santos basin offshore Brazil. The roughly 30
wells drilled to date in this region have prov-
en 30 Bboe, according to Andrew Latham,
VP exploration service for Wood Mackenzie.
By comparison, it has taken around 900 wells
over the past decade to discover similar vol-
umes in the Gulf of Mexico, and around 700
wells offshore Australia, he said.
East Africa and the eastern Mediterranean
Sea have provided most of the major new gas
fnds.
Deepwater is thekey tothis success, Latham
observed. The total volume being foundin deep-
water isnow morethan the yield from onshore ex-
ploration or from shelf drilling. And deepwater is
typically more oil. Fewer wells are drilled in deep-
water, but those drilled add multiples to reserves,
and thats the reason why deepwater remains so
attractive.
Elsewhere, Wood Mackenzie sees 10-15 ex-
ploration wells being drilled annually in Arctic
regions, but at much higher cost.
Latham says that independents have opened
plays off nine previously untapped countries. In
the past, the majors would have driven these
programs, but most of the top 10 oil compa-
nies have collectively experienced a decade of
relatively fat growth, he said, not replacing lost
production with signifcant new discoveries.
That should change going forward to 2020, he
claimed, as the majors commit more funds to
exploration.
As a group, they have posted an average in-
crease in their global expenditure of 15%, simi-
lar to the rest of the industry. However, their
spend-per-barrel of production has been lower
than for many of the independents around
$3/bbl compared with $5/bbl. We predict the
majors will increase their exploration spend-
ing to 20% per year.
Aker to build
equipment site in Brazil
Aker Solutions is building a $100-million
multi-purpose service site for its drilling equip-
ment business in Brazil. The development will
include production, assembly and testing ca-
pacity, to provide local content to support the
countrys large drilling rig-building program.
The 335,000-sq m (3.6-million sq ft) facility
in Maca on Brazils east coast is about eight
times bigger than Aker Solutions current facil-
ity in nearby Rio das Ostras, refecting expected
growth in thecompanys activities inthe country.
The new Maca facility will host drilling
riser production and maintenance services,
including about 20,000 sq m (215,278 sq ft) of
indoor mechanical workshop space for riser
and topside equipment, with full crane and
testing capabilities. The site will have capaci-
ty for about 700 employees. The site is sched-
uled to be fully operational in early 2014.
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GEOSCI ENCES
Gene Kliewer Houston
Arctic and northern
North Sea seismic
surveys in the news
The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate is
scheduled to start acquiring 2D seismic in
the southeastern part of the Barents Sea as
of this April 26. The M/V Artemis Atlantic is
acquiring 6,000 km (3,728 mi) of seismic data
in the southeast Barents Sea for the Norwe-
gian Petroleum Directorate. Last year NPD
acquired 2Dseismic in the formerly disputed
offshore area near the Russian maritime bor-
der. The results will assist in determining
whether to explore in the region. This sum-
mer, NPD expects to acquire a total of 30,000
km (18,641 mi) of seismic in the Barents Sea,
off Jan Mayen (between Norway and Ice-
land), and in the Nordland IV and V areas.
TGS is acquiring a 3D multi-client survey
covering 2,400 sq km (927 sq mi) in the Nor-
wegian Barents Sea. The Finnmark Platform
2012 survey is in fve blocks in the southwest-
ern Barents Sea, four in quad 7017 and one
is in quad 7018. All blocks are proposed by
the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy to be
included in the 22nd licensing round on the
Norwegian continental shelf. Fasttrack data
should be available for interpretation ahead
of the licensing round. The M/V Polar Duch-
ess towing 10 x 6,000 m streamer with 75 m
separation is acquiring the survey. Data pro-
cessing will be by TGS and available to clients
in 3Q 2012.
Ekofsk survey
expected soon
CGGVeritas should have the raw data in
hand from a fourth survey on the Ekofsk
feld in the North Sea as part of the multi-
year life-of-feld seismic (LoFS) program.
The data comes from a four-component
fber-optic permanent reservoir monitor-
ing system with 16,000 Sercel OPTOWAVE
ocean-bottom channels.
Quality control and data processing of
each repeat survey is done by CGGVeritas
personnel in Tananger, Norway. In addition
to the optical sensor network trenched at
the seafoor, a fber-optic connection to the
shore allows real-time remote operation.
Nyuni seismic survey
launched offshore Tanzania
Aminex PLC has started a 335 km (208
mi) 2D seismic survey in the Nyuni Area
Licence, offshore Tanzania. The survey tar-
gets the transition zone between the coast
and the deepwater section of the block. A
combination of ocean-bottom cable and ma-
rine seismic source will be used in the shal-
low water and a land-based seismic source
on the emergent reefs and islands. This is
the frst time OBC technology has been
used for a license-wide survey in the transi-
tion zone in this part of East Africa. Aminex
says conventional shallow-water seismic has
proven less effective because of the number
of reefs and islands restricting access to
seismic vessels towing streamers.
Aminex is also planning a program of
more than 500 km (311 mi) of 2D seismic in
the deepwater portion of the Nyuni licence
in the second half of this year. The combined
transition zone and deepwater seismic pro-
grams will fulfll the seismic work require-
ment of the Nyuni Area PSA which extends
through October 2013.
Partners in the Nyuni Area PSA are Ndo-
vu Resources Ltd. (Aminex), 70%; RAK Gas
Commission, 25%; and Bounty Oil and Gas
NL, 5%.
Serica starts 3D survey
in Luderitz basin,
offshore Namibia
The Polarcus Nadia 10-streamer seismic
vessel should be wrapping up a 3D survey
for Serica in Luderitz basin blocks 2512A,
2513A, 2513B, and 2612A offshore Namibia.
The survey area totals 4,150 sq km (1,603 sq
mi) and has three objectives:
Delineate a four-way dip closed struc-
ture which underlies the survey area
Map potential pinch out prospects which
are expected to have formed in conjunc-
tion with a large channel sand feature
crossing the survey area
Demonstrate hydrocarbon potential through
thepresenceof hydrocarbon indicators.
Geology business headlines
CGGVeritas opens Melbourne Pro-
cessing & Imaging Center: CGGVeritas
has opened a new processing and imaging
center in Melbourne, Australia. The remit of
the new center is to serve clients in eastern
Australia and the expanding New Zealand
market.
Sercel SeaPro Nav selected by Seabird:
SeaPro Nav, Sercels integrated navigation
system for all in-water seismic equipment,
has been selected by Seabird Exploration
as the master system for two vessels in its
marine seismic feet, the Harrier Explorer
and the Aquila Explorer. Graham Knight,
department manager Technology, Seabird
Exploration, said: Seabirds deployment of
SeaPro Nav on its vessels is a natural pro-
gression, further cementing our commit-
ment to the use of Sercel products across
our feet.
Spectrum completes purchase of CG-
GVeritas library: Spectrum has completed
the purchase of the marine 2D multi-client
library of CGGVeritas. The combined size of
Spectrums library now exceeds 1.1 million
km (683,508 mi) of 2D multi-client seismic
data. The new data complements Spec-
trums existing library in key areas such as
the Gulf of Mexico, South and Central Amer-
ica, the Mediterranean Sea, and northwest
Europe. As part of the agreement, CGGVeri-
tas takes a 25% stake in Spectrum and will fo-
cus its marine 2Dmulti-client activity mainly
through its shareholding in Spectrum.
TGS adds 2D seismic data in the Barents Sea and northern North Sea. North Sea Renaissance 2012
is infill west of Shetlands covering 8,200 km (5,095 mi) using the Akademik Shatskiy. The Norwegian
Barents Sea 2012 survey covers 12,000 km (7,456 mi) using the Osprey Explorer.
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__________
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
50 100 150
Temperature (C)
T
i
m
e

(
h
r
)
200 250 300
OFFSHORE AUTOMATI ON SOLUTI ONS
Ian Verhappen
Yokogawa Canada
There are a number of television shows
about extreme events, sports, and other
activities, but what is not shown is how the
equipment is managed to operate for ex-
tended periods in those environments. Off-
shore certainly qualifes as an extreme en-
vironment. With the temperature extremes
that are experienced in the North Sea, Arc-
tic, and equatorial settings, the challenges of
operating offshore increase.
Installations in the Arctic, at least in Can-
ada, are based on a design spec of -50C
(-58F) to 40C (104F) for the following
reasons. The -50C design spec requires the
devices to start cold at this temperature
when power is reapplied after an outage. It
does not mean that the local display needs
to work, but that the device must power
up and start providing useable measure-
ments at this temperature. Liquid crystal
display is no longer liquid at approximately
-25C (-13F). The 40C design spec is for
the summer. Because the sun does not set
during this time, there is no evening cool-
ing affect. So when a warm spell comes, the
temperature continues to increase until the
weather system changes.
When it comes to temperature, most in-
stallations and designs are more concerned
with the upper temperature specifcation be-
cause of the potential impact on electronics
reliability.
A common rule of thumb states that ev-
ery 10C increase in temperature cuts com-
ponent life in half. This rule comes from
basic chemistry, where there is a general
principle that chemical reactions go faster
with higher temperatures. Years ago, the
military adapted that concept to predict how
temperature leads to electronic component
failure. They gathered tons of questionable
data from the feld, correlated the data with
this iffy assumption about chemical reaction
rates, and came up with MIL-HDBK-217, the
military handbook on electronic reliability.
MIL-HDBK-217 quickly became an industry
standard, and hence, the source of the myth.
However, MIL-HDBK-217 states that long-
term nominal operating junction tempera-
tures operating lower than 70C (158F)
have zero effect on reliability. Therefore, it is
unlikely that failure rates will follow an expo-
nential curve based on Life Equivalent to 40
Years in Hours at a relative to temperature
basis of 60C (140F) Ambient.
In addition to temperature, electronic
products and mechanical devices that are
exposed to any environment (indoor or out-
door) are commonly also exposed to intru-
sions by dirt, dust, and insects; sprayed/
dripped/directed moisture; and curious
poking fngers.
Ingress Protection (IP) is the industry
standard term created by the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), while
in North America, the NEMA (National
Electrical Manufacturers Association) rat-
ing is commonly used. It is not possible to
directly correlate NEMA numbers with IP
numbers, but there are many tables avail-
able on the internet that show the equiva-
lency. Since many devices are manufactured
for global distribution, they will display both
ratings.
In the IP system, the frst number indi-
cates the degree of protection both from in-
trusion of objects and protection to the user
from hazardous parts or mechanisms inside
the product. The second digit in the IEC
assigned IP-number indicates protections
from liquids. Unfortunately, the NEMA sys-
tem is less rigorous in its method of number
assignment.
In many cases, the integrity of the enclo-
sure also relies on the correct installation of
cable glands/seals to prevent ingress of liq-
uids (corrosion or short circuit) and gases
(explosion). Breathers/drains should be in-
stalled on all enclosures to manage not only
changes in temperature but also the associ-
ated potential condensation.
In addition to condensation, offshore in-
stallations are exposed to severe storms and
salt water, so in addition to protection from
the standard water, dust, and oils, the ma-
terials of fabrication also need to consider
materials compatibility.
The most widely selected choice for en-
closures is metal, and in the offshore en-
vironment this is typically stainless steel.
However, many types of stainless steel are
susceptible to stress corrosion cracking
when exposed to chlorides such as the salt
in sea water, so it is important to select the
correct version of stainless steel for the envi-
ronment. Onshore installations typically use
lower cost epoxy coated steel, but coastal
facilities often also need to design for the
salinity.
One alternative to steel at least for enclo-
sures is fberglass or glass fber reinforced
polyester (GRP). GRP enclosures have the
additional beneft that should an insulated
enclosure be needed they can be made with
a typically foam insulation between two lay-
ers of GRP or fberglass with suitable heat-
ers and windows included. The gaskets and
mechanical closures must still be selected
for the environment.
If the device, its packaging, and installa-
tion are not properly specifed and installed
for the environment, the signals and control-
lers used to monitor and control a process
could fail at the most inopportune time. Just
like many control and automation items, it is
the small details that make a big difference
to how effective a system will operate.
The author
Ian Verhappen, P. Eng. is an ISA Fellow, ISA Certifed
Automation Professional (CAP), and a recognized au-
thority on Foundation Fieldbus and industrial commu-
nications technologies. Verhappen is managing director
of Yokogawa Canada, a global supplier of instrumenta-
tion products and advanced control systems. He can be
reached at ian.verhappen@ca.yokogawa.com.
Electronic component life as a function of temperature.
Equipment management for extreme environments
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_____________
NORTH SEA
Statoil leads overhaul of Norwegian
development drilling, intervention fleet
I
f the market does not provide the so-
lution you need, the answer may be to
pull a few strings to make sure it does.
That is the proactive approach adopted
by Statoil in its search for ft-for-purpose
rigs for improved oil recovery (IOR) on Nor-
wegian felds.
In Norway, IOR is acknowledged as play-
ing a vital role in squeezing the most beneft
from the countrys oil endowment. Even in
this golden era for exploration with success-
es such as Johan Sverdrup in the North Sea
and other fnds in the Barents Sea, the au-
thorities continue to bang the IOR drum. Its
a message that Statoil is totally in tune with,
as operator of some of the largest maturing
felds on which the countrys oil wealth is
founded.
The key to improving recovery lies in
drilling and well management drilling ac-
curately into small pockets, drilling later-
als from existing boreholes, and keeping
the wells functioning in prime condition.
On platforms with fxed drilling rigs, these
tasks are relatively straightforward, and it is
in such conditions that Statoil has posted its
biggest IOR gains.
Fields developed with subsea wells, how-
ever, have proved a greater challenge. These
constitute a signifcant part of Statoils port-
folio on the Norwegian continental shelf
(NCS) they include large felds such as
Troll Oil, with close to 120 subsea wells,
sgard with 50-plus wells, Heidrun, Norne,
Kristin, Tyrihans, Snhvit, Gja, Snorre, Vi-
sund, and Tordis/Vigdis, not to mention the
subsea satellites around Statfjord,
Gullfaks, Oseberg, Sleipner, and
several smaller felds. It all adds
up to a stock of almost 500 subsea
wells.
But when Statoil began to look
for equipment to maintain these wells, it
found that the market had little to offer oth-
er than full-scale semisubmersible drilling
rigs. Although appropriate for drilling new
wells, for both lighter and heavier forms of
intervention, they are over-dimensioned and
over-expensive.
Mid-depth solutions
The market was not coming up with what
we needed for the NCS, observed ystein
Hland, senior vice president, drilling and
well. Its primary focus is on deepwater drill-
ing rigs, when what we need is drilling and
completion rigs for medium water depths.
Adapting rigs for this role is expensive, so
Statoil decided that designing from scratch
was the best way forward, says Hland.
The companys attentions have focused on
three types of rig: Category A, for light well
intervention; Category B, for heavier inter-
vention and workover; and Category D, for
drilling and completing new development
wells. Work is now under way on a fourth
category, J, which refers to jackup rigs for
development work.
Statoil frst implemented this
strategy in light well intervention
(LWI), awarding its frst contracts
in the mid 2000s. Most of the work
has gone to monohull vessels de-
signed specifcally for this type of
task. At present the company has
three vessels from Island Offshore
under contract for this purpose
Island Frontier, Island Wellserver, and
Island Constructor.
In May, Statoil awardedtwo contracts worth
a total NOK 9.4 billion ($1.5 billion), both due
to come into force when the current LWI
contracts end in 2015. One, with a fxed fve-
year term, has gone to Island Offshore for
the continued hire of Island Frontier and Island
Wellserver. Island Offshore has delivered solid
services and we expect the same going for-
ward, a Statoil executive commented.
The other contract, with a fxed term of
eight years, went to Eide Marine Services
which offered a newbuild semisub hull. This
involves new marine technology, said Hland.
Its a small semisub which is stable when op-
erating and can move fast. Both contracts
have two additional two-year options.
While monohulls have the advantage of
being able to transit rapidly between one
well and another, they are prone to weather-
induced disruption. In winter it is often very
diffcult to land a helicopter on one of these
units, Hland observed. They may have to
go to shore to perform a crew change. There
can be a substantial number of days lost.
The company expects the Eide unit Eide
Well Intervention to be less vulnerable to
weather interruption, while still moving be-
tween wells at a fair pace. With subsea develop-
ments stretching from the North Sea through
the Norwegian Sea to the Barents Sea, a unit
may have long distances to travel between as-
signments, so transit speed is important.
Achieving agreement between the differ-
ent licenses for use of the units was a chal-
lenge in the early days, said Hland. It was
really tough to get LWI going, he recalled.
Setting up a risk-sharing agreement be-
tween different licenses with an obligation
Nick Terdre
Contributing Editor
ystein Hland, Statoils senior vice
president, drilling and well. (Photo:
Haagen Tangen Eriksen/Statoil)
Eides concept for light subsea well intervention. (Image: Statoil)
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NORTH SEA
to use the unit for a certain number of days
was not easy. Good results, however, have
won over the skeptics, and now each license
insists on its right to have a contracted unit
for its share of days.
LWI is performed without a riser, instead
using a lubricator and wireline to run equip-
ment or tools downhole and conduct repair
and maintenance operations. The vessel oper-
ators work in established consortia Island,
for example, with FMC for well control equip-
ment, and Aker Well Services for downhole
operations; while Eide plans to work with a
Halliburton-led team that includes Subsea
Technologies, Advantec, and Oceaneering.
The vessels and equipment packages are
custom-built for the application, therefore
incurring much lower capex than a standard
drilling rig and delivering much lower oper-
ating costs. The result, according to Hland,
is a 50-60% reduction in overall costs, more
than suffcient to make these operations
economically viable.
Heavy-duty intervention
Another contract awarded by Statoil in
May covers heavier forms of subsea well
intervention. Aker Oilfeld Services will
build, own, and operate a Category B semi-
submersible rig specially designed for riser-
based well intervention and light drilling
tasks, including through-tubing rotary drill-
ing, coiled tubing, high-pressure pumping,
well-testing, and cementing services. The
contract runs for eight years with three two-
year options, and is valued at around $1.9
billion for the fxed term. The rig, which is
due to start operations in 2015, will operate
in water depths up to 500 m (1,640 ft). Statoil
expects it to cut its intervention costs by up
to 40%.
Aker Oilfeld Services already has a dedi-
cated heavy intervention vessel, the monohu-
ll Skandi Aker, which has worked almost ex-
clusively in the more benign waters of West
Africa and Brazil. As regards the North Sea,
however, the weather conditions are unfavor-
able for a monohull operating with a fxed
riser, says Hland the more stable platform
offered by a semisub is therefore preferable.
As for drilling new development wells,
Statoil has focused on a unit specially de-
signed for drilling and completion the
Category D rig. Currently the market offers
almost exclusively generic rigs intended for
all types of drilling, including exploration
and development. However, they are not op-
timized for development drilling tasks, such
as handling the large volumes of materials
needed for well completion.
From the market we werent getting the
ft-for-purpose solution that we wanted, said
Hland. So we went to the industry to en-
gineer the new design, and paid for FEED
and detailed engineering. Representatives
of all relevant disciplines were invited to par-
ticipate, including drilling contractors, hull
and topside designers, equipment vendors,
and fabricators. We were very pleased to
see their response, Hland noted. There
was a lot of interest and many companies
were willing to get involved. Not all the play-
ers are able to fund this kind of work them-
selves, but we were willing to help.
Workhorse role
Based on the resulting design, drilling
contractors were invited to submit bids,
and last year two years after the process
had been initiated Statoil awarded the
contract to Songa Offshore. The contractor
will provide two Category D rigs for a fxed
eight-year term with four three-year exten-
sion options so if all options are exercised,
the contract will run for an unusually long
period of 20 years. The deal is worth $2.47
billion for the fxed term, equivalent to a day
rate for each unit of about $420,000. The
rigs, which Statoil describes as workhorses,
will be capable of operating in waters of 100-
500 m (328-1,640 ft) and of drilling to a depth
of 8,500 m (27,887 ft).
Both rigs, which have a GVA hull design,
are under construction at the Daewoo Ship-
building and Marine Engineering (DSME)
yard in South Korea, with Aker Solutions
supplying the drilling equipment. Following
delivery in 2014, both units will be deployed
on the Troll Oil feld, where the drilling
need is so great that ever since start up in
1995, two, three, and even four rigs have
been employed at any one time.
This year Statoil followed up on a nego-
tiated option for two additional Category D
rigs, awarding a further contract to Songa.
Again the contract this time worth $2.66
billion is for a fxed term of eight years
with four three-year options. One of these
rigs, which are scheduled for delivery in
2015, will serve on the Norne, Heidrun, and
sgard felds in the Norwegian Sea. The
other will be engaged for year-round opera-
tions in the Barents Sea.
Although Statoil is supplying a bridge loan
to Songa to help with fnance construction of
the second two rigs, it has no fnancial inter-
est or ownership in any of the four category
A, B or D units so far contracted. But in the
case of the Category J rigs, it has taken the
position of suggesting license ownership,
Hland says. Some relevant licenses have
very long drilling programs, and if a license
has the need for a full-time rig on a long-
term basis, ownership could be justifed.
This would be a similar situation to the drill-
ing facilities on fxed platforms, which are
owned by the licensees, he points out.
In the Category J project, a ft-for-purpose
design has been developed for drilling and
completion of production wells. As with the
Category D project, this has taken place in
cooperation with the relevant supply-side
players. Statoil now plans to present the
design to the industry at a workshop, after
which it will issue a tender, probably for two
units, on a long-term basis. Its intention is to
award a contract before year-end and have
the units in operation in 2015.
Historically jackups have been confned to
the shallower waters of the southern North
Sea, but the latest designs have extended the
operational envelope to depths of up to 150
m (492 ft), thus opening the way for jackups
to operate more widely in central areas of
the North Sea. Where possible, jackups are
often the rig of choice for development drill-
ing this is the case with major new develop-
ment projects on central Norwegian North
Sea felds such as Totals Martin Linge,
Statoils Dagny, Lundins Edvard Grieg, Det
norske oljeselskaps Draupne, and potentially
Statoil/Lundins Johan Sverdrup.
(Left) Aker Solutions Category B rig for heavy subsea well intervention. (Right) Songas design for a
drilling and completions semi Category D. (Images: Statoil)
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Exploration
UK
N
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r

o
f

E
&
A

w
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35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Norway Netherlands Denmark
Appraisal
Completions
January
N
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o
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&
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10
8
6
4
2
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February March
Month
April May June
Discoveries
E&A wells by sector during 1Q 2012.
Month-by-month breakdown of completions and discoveries. Exploration wells per sector in 2012.
NORTH SEA
Confidence returning
among NW Europe operators
Elizabeth Lloyd
Andr Sharma
Deloittes Petroleum Services
High oil prices, incentives stimulate exploration and development
T
he energy industry, a strategic resource
for security of supply across Northwest
Europe, is faced with increasing com-
mercial and technical challenges to ex-
plore for and produce oil and gas. These
include an extended period of economic tur-
moil, declining production, and rising costs.
However, sustained high oil prices, and incen-
tives such as the UK governments recent feld
and tax allowances, are stimulating explora-
tion drilling and development.
During the frst six months of 2012, a total
of 53 exploration and appraisal (E&A) wells
were spudded across the UK, Norway, the
Netherlands, and Denmark, compared to 54
spudded over the same period last year. Of
those drilled so far in 2012, 31 (59%) have
been exploration wells and the remaining 22
appraisal wells (41%).
Following the low levels of drilling during
the winter months of the frst quarter, activity
on the UK continental shelf (UKCS) and the
Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) during
2Q 2012 have picked up to more consistent
levels. The depressed activity earlier was due
to the current economic and market factors,
rig and crew availability, and adverse weather
conditions affecting operations, with a num-
ber of rigs unable to move off locations fol-
lowing the completion of drilling operations.
Compared with the frst six months of 2011,
the UK has seenanincrease of nine exploration
and appraisal wells, while those drilled offshore
Norway decreased by six. The Netherlands has
seen a decline of three wells, and Denmark has
had one well drilled in the same period.
Drilling levels across the UK and Norway
are expected to be relatively high through-
out the summer months. There are at least
10 proposed drilling locations for exploration
and appraisal wells in the UK for the remain-
ing half of 2012. Offshore Norway, there are
plans to drill six exploration wells.
Completions
and discoveries
Between January and June of this year, 44
exploration and appraisal wells were complet-
ed across the NCS, including wells spudded
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www.hardbandingsolutions.com
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Introducing the Inux Volume Reduction
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On a HP/HT well, MPOs QCA technology will:
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uick CIose AnnuIar
NORTH SEA
before the start of the year. Of these, 13 (30%)
encountered hydrocarbons and can be classi-
fed as successful. May brought the highest
number of completions, although only two of
these wells successfully discovered hydro-
carbons. Of the 13 discoveries in 2012, nine
wells encountered oil and the remaining four
encountered oil and gas. It should be noted,
however, that a number of the completed well
results have yet to be announced by their re-
spective operators or partners.
Field start ups
and developments
Since 2009, the number of felds approved
for development by the Norwegian and UK
governments has increased. In 2009, only
eight felds were awarded development ap-
proval, but last year 18 projects were approved.
In the frst six months of 2012, 12 felds have
been approved a positive indicator for the fu-
ture of the industry across the North Sea.
Britains Department of Energy Climate
Change(DECC) hasapproved eight feld devel-
opment plans (FDPs) while the Norwegian Pe-
troleumDirectorate has granted four plans for
development and operations (PDOs). Among
the more successful operators were Ithaca En-
ergy and Centrica, respectively awarded three
and two FDPs by DECC.
Despite the maturity of the region, a range
of companies have committed to making sig-
nifcant investments in the area in the coming
years, thus highlighting the confdence in the
regions oil and gas potential.
The correlation betweenfelddevelopment
approvals and the oil price has been strong
since the fnancial recession in 2008. As the
oil price has increased, so has the number
of feld approvals. With the sustained high
oil price and the evolution of new technolo-
gies, companies are now able to develop what
would in the past have been considered sub-
commercial developments. These factors,
coupled with the announcement of decom-
missioning tax relief by the UK government
in the March 2012 budget, should incentivize
further investment and greater commitment
to development in the North Sea.
During the frst half of 2012, three Norwe-
gian felds came onstream. First was the BG-
operated Gaupe in the North Sea in March,
followed by Marulk and Oselvar in April,
respectively in the Norwegian Sea and the
North Sea. Five felds in the UK started pro-
duction during the second quarter of 2012,
namely Bacchus, Islay, Lybster, Athena, and
Ensign.
There are positive signs. The total of eight
new felds onstream is higher than the total
number of feld start ups in 2011 and more
than double the number of felds that came
onstream in 2009 and 2010.
The majority of feld start ups were located
across the Central Graben, Moray Firth, and
northern North Sea basins. Outside these ar-
eas were the Centrica-operated Ensign, and
the ENI Norge-operated Marulk gas felds lo-
cated respectively in the UK southern North
Sea and Norways Voering basin.
Strong licensing activity
In May 2012, DECC announced that the
27th licensing round had attracted the larg-
est number of applications received of any
UK bid round to date. A total of 224 appli-
cations were submitted covering 418 blocks
on the UKCS, 37 more applications than the
previous high established in the 26th round.
The increase may partly have been stimu-
lated by more favorable tax and feld allow-
ances announced in the 2012 budget.
The 27th round has attracted seven fron-
tier license applications compared to three
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NORTH SEA
in the previous round, underlining the inter-
est in frontier areas such as west of Shetland.
Compared to the number of applications
made last year, there has been a reduction
in the number of promote licenses in favor
of traditional license applications. Promote
licenses are designed to allow small and
start-up companies to enter a production
license and attract the necessary operating
and fnancial capacity at a later stage. The
decrease in applications of this type shows
that large players are still willing to invest in
the North Sea.
At the end of March, the Norwegian gov-
ernment announced the Awards in Predefned
Areas (APA) 2012. Compared with APA 2011,
this years licensing round has expanded in
coverage with an additional 48 blocks or part-
blocks offered. Of these additional blocks, 13
are in the NorwegianSea and 33 are in the Bar-
ents Sea. In June the Norwegian 22nd licens-
ing round was unveiled, offering 86 blocks in
the Norwegian and Barents seas, with a focus
on frontier areas with potential for oil and gas,
but which are less explored and where infra-
structure is not well established.
Looking ahead
The results of the 27th UKCS licensing
round and the Norwegian APA 2012 are ex-
pected later this year and following the high
number of applications, results will be great-
ly anticipated. A high number of successful
awards could result in a positive number
of well commitments to ensure exploration
activity continues across the region in the
coming years. Exploration may spread into
areas previously considered underexplored
such as west of Shetlands and the Barents
Sea.
In the UK, the positive announcements in
the budget 2012 with regards to the decom-
missioning tax relief may also help to stimu-
late activity. Companies hope to be able to
recover cash fow currently tied up in fnan-
cial guarantees related to decommissioning,
and direct these funds to exploration and
appraisal.
In Norway, a number of factors suggest
that levels of exploration and appraisal activ-
ity will remain attractive and consistent over
the coming years. The Norwegian govern-
ment currently offers favorable conditions
for exploratory drilling. Companies are able
to claim 78% of their exploration costs in a
dry hole case, substantially reducing the
risk associated with drilling new exploration
wells. Furthermore, unlike the UK, Nor-
way is viewed as a fscally stable regime, al-
though companies still have to consider the
higher overall tax regime.
Increasing demand from China and other
emerging economies, coupled with political
upheaval in North Africa and the Middle
East, and the ongoing Eurozone crisis, has
resulted in a sustained high oil price. This
has had a positive effect on the industry, en-
couraging investment as manifested by E&A
drilling and feld development activity.
One limiting factor on drilling activity in
the region is the ferce competition to secure
rig slots across the North Sea. According to
published reports, average rig utilization
across the North Sea in the frst half of 2011
was 79%. This has now increased, with 2012
levels for the same period at 88% utilization.
As technology develops and the complex-
ity of rigs follows suit, there will be a chal-
lenge to hire technically qualifed personnel
to operate the rigs. The next generation of
drilling rigs will be technologically more ad-
vanced following ongoing improvements, so
there will be a need for more highly trained
crew.
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NORTH SEA
GDF SUEZ expanding operations
in mature and emerging UK gas provinces
A
fter 15 years as a co-venturer or ex-
ploration operator on the UK conti-
nental shelf, GDF SUEZ is preparing
for a leading development role. The
company already runs numerous gas
production centers offshore Norway and the
Netherlands, but Juliet and Cygnus in the
southern North Sea will be its frst major op-
erated UK projects. Cygnus will be one of the
companys largest developments anywhere,
supplying around 5% of the UKs future do-
mestic gas production in 2016.
Government sanction for Juliet, a subsea
tieback to Perencos Pickerill A platform, came
through in June, and authorization for Cygnus
was expected this summer. To support these
projects and four others close to development in
the UK North Sea, the company has com-
missioned a new offce complex in Aber-
deen.
Our aim is to be a leading UKCS op-
erator, not just in the southern gas basin,
but in the mid-term also in the central
North Sea, and in the longer term West
of Shetland, said Jean-Claude Perdigues,
managing director of GDF SUEZ E&P
UK. We believe there is still a lot of po-
tential to tap into on the UK shelf, even
though it appears mature.
Since entering the UK sector in 1997,
the company has amassed interests in
over 40 offshore licenses, 16 as opera-
tor, and claims to be the UKs eighth-largest
offshore acreage holder. It currently has net
proven (2P) reserves of 65.5 MMboe, mainly
in the southern gas basin, and 88 MMboe of
net contingent (2C) resources in the central
North Sea.
Juliet-Pickerill link
Juliet was discovered in 2008 in 58 m (190
ft) water depth in southern North Sea block
47/14b. The location is close to the English east
coast and the Amethyst offshore production
complex. According to analysts BritBoss, the
company originally applied to develop the 100-
bcf feld in 2010 via the nearby Amethyst feld
complex, but planning had to be put on hold to
fnd a new offtake route for the gas. It will be
tied-back to Perencos Pickerill A platform to
the east via a 22-km (13.7-mi), 12-in. (30.5-cm)
pipeline and control umbilical.
Development and Operations Manager
Mike Robertson said a jackup supplied by the
companys Dutch affliate GDF SUEZ E&P
Nederland will start drilling the frst of Ju-
liets two horizontal subsea wells next spring
these will be connected to a 170-t template/
manifold. The subsea contract, which should
by now have been awarded, covers installation
of the control umbilical and export pipeline,
which will be laid in separate trenches and
backflled. At Pickerill A, modifcations will
include installation of a new riser and J-tube.
First gas is slated for late 2013, with pro-
duction transported from Pickerill A to the
Theddlethorpe terminal on the east coast. At
peak, Juliet should deliver 80 MMcf/d. The
plan is that Juliet will come off plateau fairly
quickly, Robertson said, but the template
will allow tie-ins from other discoveries in the
area. With this in mind, GDF SUEZ aims to
drill one exploration prospect in the vicinity in
2013/4. The company has a 51.6% interest in
the project, in partnership with First Oil Expro
(29.44%) and Hansa Hydrocarbons (19%).
In 2014, the company aims to bring Orca,
another southern sector gas feld, onstream
via a wellhead platform tied-back cross-
border to GDF Suez E&P Nederlands D15
platform. Orca has changed hands various
times over the past few decades. According
to GDF SUEZ E&P UK Subsurface Manager
Andy Spencer, it took time to understand how
to develop the feld economically. Orcas
volumes are fairly modest, and the calorifc
value of the gas, which contains 20% nitrogen,
is not suitable for the UK distribution system,
although it is acceptable for the Dutch mar-
ket. So getting an economic solution for Orca
has solved a long-standing problem.
Reassesing Cygnus
Oonagh Werngren, Business Manager, Sup-
ply Chain, saidthe Cygnus feld inblocks 44/12a
and 44/11a is the largest discovery in the UK
southern gas basin of the last 25 years, with 2P
recoverable reserves estimated at 720 bcf. In
terms of the UKs remaining reserves it is the
sixth largest gas feld, she added.
Marathon Oil drilled the original discovery
well in 1989, but back then it looked small,
with a poor reservoir and no local infrastruc-
ture. After acquiring the license in 2002, GDF
SUEZ E&P UK as the new operator applied
its experience in marginal Rotliegendes res-
ervoirs to drill fve successful appraisal
wells from2006 onwards. Assuming sanc-
tion this summer, the company hopes to
bring Cygnus onstream in late 2015 via 10
horizontal wells.
The target date is a year later than
scheduled in the original Environmental
Statement for the project. This is partly
due to a change in development scope
following further appraisal drilling suc-
cess, but also according to Perdigues
because of the industrys current infa-
tionary cost environment. So we have
focused in the FEED on optimizing engi-
neering, trying to keep costs manageable.
Cygnus is not a very complicated project tech-
nically, but due to the felds very large extent
and the shallow water, we need to invest more.
There has to be four platforms and 10 wells,
and that all pushes up the cost.
The fnalized scheme calls for a main Cyg-
nus Alpha hub on the eastern part of the feld
comprising three bridge-linked platforms
providing drilling, accommodation, process-
ing and gas export, and another wellhead
platform (Cygnus Bravo) on the western part
of the feld. This will be linked to Cygnus A
via a 5.9-km (3.6-mi), 12-in. pipeline, with the
commingled production sent through the
Eagles Transport System pipeline that runs
between Perencos Trent platform and the
Bacton terminal on the Norfolk coast.
GDF SUEZ sees further reserves upside in
the area, particularly in undrilled lobes on the
northern fank of Cygnus. The company hopes
to drill a well here next year, Spencer said, us-
ing the jackup Ensco 80.
Jeremy Beckman
Editor, Europe
Artists impression of the Juliet subsea facilities.
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ARCTI C
Gas supply routes to determine
future phases of Snhvit development
S
nhvit, Norways most northerly offshore feld development,
has been onstream for fve years. Gas and condensate from
the subsea wells are piped to the single-train LNG process-
ing plant on Melkya Island off the port of Hammerfest. It
remains the worlds most northern LNG facility, with scope
for expansion of offshore production, although competing terminals
are emerging elsewhere around Europe.
Recently, the partners opted to postpone a decision on a second
LNGtrain, despite the upsurge in exploration in the Barents Sea that
has brought several new gas discoveries. Production from these and
further developments in the Snhvit license could instead head later
this decade via Hammerfest through a new long-distance offshore
pipeline linked to the trunkline system in the Norwegian Sea. But
expansion of the LNG facilities remains a possibility as the partners
seek new markets, particularly in the Asia/Pacifc region.
Wellstream issues
Snhvit comprises three offshore gas/condensate felds close togeth-
er in water depths of 250-340 m (820-1,115 ft). Askeladden was the frst to
be discovered in 1981, althoughthe phase 1 development has focused on
the other two, Snhvit and Albatross. Nine subsea production wells con-
nected to four seabed templates are controlled remotely fromMelkya.
Commingled production heads directly to the LNGplant via a 143-km
(89-mi), 65.5-cm ID multi-phase subsea pipeline, claimedto bethe worlds
longest. This also transports 700,000 metric tons/yr (771,617 tons/yr) of
associated CO
2
to Melkya which is stripped out and sent back through
another pipeline to a dedicated injector well at the offshore feld center
for storage in a reservoir below the Snhvit feld. Another parallel line
transports MEGfor hydrates control. Statoil op-
erates all aspects of the project, in partnership
with Petoro, Total, GdF Suez, and RWEDea.
The liquefaction processed, licensed by
Linde, is designed to cool methane gas to -163C
(-261F) under normal atmospheric pressure,
reducing the original volume of gas 620 times
and thereby minimizing storage requirements.
Along the way, said Oyvind Nilsen, Vice Presi-
dent for the Snhvit LNG plant, we frst have to
strip out the mercury, water, CO
2
, propane, eth-
ane, and condensate. For this reason, geologists
say the Barents Sea is a candystore, althoughwe
say that Melkya is a candy store for the technol-
ogies too. The plants LNG storage tanks can
each hold 125,000 cu m of gas, offoaded at the
quayside to three dedicated LNG carriers, with
separate tanks to store 75,000 cu m(2.65 MMcf)
of condensate and 45,000 cu m (1.59 MMcf) of
LPG.
In 2002, midway through the development,
the estimate of recoverable resources was 193
Jeremy Beckman
Editor, Europe
Integrated power, controls for Goliat
ABB supplied the integrated power, automation and control
systems for the Snhvit LNG plant and offshore facilities. The
company is currently working on another comprehensive pro-
gram for Goliat, the second field development in the Barents
Sea, 85 (53 mi) km northwest of Hammerfest. This will produce
oil and gas through a Sevan 1000 circular FPSO in 400 m
(1,312 ft) water depth, due to start operations in 2013.
ABB is providing a comprehensive range of electrical, auto-
mation, instrumentation and telecommunications equipment
and systems. The package includes intelligent operations, with
remote diagnostics available from the offshore process plant
live to ABB specialists worldwide, allowing them to diagnose
and fix problems that may arise. This is a huge benefit to
customers, said Per Erik Holsten, who heads up the compa-
nys Process Automation division in Norway. It changes their
whole operating philosophy on offshore installations.
At Goliat, we will also have an onshore control room. In
an extreme situation, the team there could sit onshore and
supervise the entire operation. In addition, we will provide an
onshore control room to Enis office in Hammerfest, giving
them access to the same data as is available on the platform.
Another highlight of ABBs contract is the worlds longest
and highest-output AC power cable (123 kV/75MW) to an
offshore installation, running 106 km (66 mi) from an onshore
substation near Hammerfest to the platform, with integrated fi-
ber optics for communications purposes. The remainder of the
FPSOs 100 MW power requirements will come from onboard
gas turbines these and the combined AC electrification sys-
tem will help reduce Goliats CO
2
emissions by 50% compared
with a conventional power supply arrangement, thereby lower-
ing the partners Norwegian CO
2
taxes.
Snhvits wells are
controlled remotely from
the Melkya LNG plant.
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ARCTI C
bcm of gas and34 MMcm of condensate. Last
year, we upgraded gas reserves by 20 bcm,
Nilsen said, and we also believe emerging
new technologies, such as subsea compres-
sion, will lift the recovery factor signifcantly.
This project opened up the Barents Sea,
and is by far Norways largest industrial de-
velopment to date, at a cost of NOK 48 bil-
lion, Nilsen continued. It pushed the limit
in several areas, not just in liquefaction, but
in terms of long-distance multi-phase trans-
port and the CO
2
solution. The cooling, per-
formed by large, electrically-driven cooling
compressors, is unique too.
But we had to establish a brand new con-
cern in this area, in a latitude of almost 71
degrees N, Nilsen explained. During the
design phase there were a lot of discussions
on concept selection, and there were con-
cerns about the prevailing strong winds and
temperatures that can dip to -22C [-8F]
we call that harsh conditions.
The partners opted to maximize prefabri-
cation for the LNG plant, which was built in
northern Spain in the form of a barge and
towed to Melkya, where it was lowered
into a specially excavated site on the island.
There were space and weight challenges,
Nilsen said, and in retrospect, we should
maybe have had two barges, as we ended up
with a very compact layout with space and
weight challenges. But this also provides
lessons for foating LNG developments.
On a limited number of days, the plant
must be able to cope with severe conditions
such as icing caused by massive snowdrifts
and frozen seawater, but sometimes the
impact is hard to predict. In January, there
was a -20C temperature drop in less than
24 hours, Nilsen recalled. As a result, one
of the valves started to behave abnormally,
constraining production.
There have also been shutdowns caused
by internal issues. Earlier this year, the en-
tire plant at Melkya was down for a week
due to a breakage in the frewater system,
which is made of GRC fber pipes. Last
month, operations had to be halted again
due to water ingression in the natural gas
dryers and the associated risk of ice forma-
tion in the cooling circuit.
At Melkya, we have had to push the lim-
its of several items of equipment, Nilsen ex-
plained. For instance, we are operating the
worlds largest electrically-driven motors
[65 MW, supplied by Siemens] and the larg-
Night time view of Melkya, with LNG carrier in the distance.
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ARCTI C
est sea water heat exchangers with titanium
pipes. We have experienced breakages as a
result of temperature-induced fatigue, but
this has since been resolved.
Nowits a question of optimizing the feed
gas process, Nilsen elaborated. We have
implemented changes to the software sys-
tem, which has led to signifcant improve-
ments in the effciency and robustness of
the plant. Were still not where we would like
to be in terms of regularity, but this is still
the most energy-effcient LNG facility in the
world, with specifed power for the liquefac-
tion process of 243 kWhr/t LNG.
CO
2
disposal
The CO
2
content in Snhvits wellstream
is 5-6%. Following extraction, this is disposed
of via injection directly into the main Snhvit
feld, at a subsurface depth of around 2,500
m (8,202 ft). The behavior of the CO
2
is moni-
tored using seismic instrumentation perfor-
mance so far has generally been in line with
predictions, Nilsen said, although at one point
pressure development in one of the forma-
tions necessitated a light well intervention to
put in isolation plugs at several levels. Statoil
has selected a newarea for a second CO
2
injec-
tor well which is likely to be drilled in 2016.
Theoretically, Snhvit could remain at pla-
teau production through to 2040-50, Nilsen
said, although this will depend on the scope
of future subsea development in the area,
and whether the partners commit to con-
struction of a second LNG train on Melkya.
Currently, Snhvits 5 bcm of year of pro-
cessed LNG comprises 5% of Norways an-
nual gas exports. Prior to start-up in 2007,
the partners acquired a stake in the Cove
Point regasifcation terminal in Maryland
with a view to addressing the shortfall in
LNG in the US at the time.
Markets have since changed, and the
plant is now sending shipments to southern
Europe, India, and the Far East, via the Suez
Canal. There are also discussions with Rus-
sia about opening up a northeast passage
over the next few years through the Arctic
to Japan and South Korea.
According to Nilsen, this would be a
shorter journey than LNG from Qatar to
Japan, although at that point there would
be 70 bcm/yr of capacity from Australia to
compete with. Hence the potential need to
optimize or double capacity at Melkya.
If the proposed Polarpipe project goes
ahead, taking gas from Melkya through a
new 1,000-km(621-mi) offshore pipeline con-
necting to the rich gas Aasgard Transport
System in the Norwegian Sea, a dewpoint
facility could be installed at Melkya to strip
out condensate prior to gas feedthrough.
Increased throughput could be achieved
by expanding the subsea facilities at Snhvit
in up to three further development phases,
with the second phase taking in gas from
Askeladden. After fve years of production
we have a better understanding of the
reservoirs, and we know we could recover
more via new technology, Nilsen said.
In time, gas from the nearby Tornerose
or other discoveries in the region such as
Lundins Skalle could also be directed to
Melkya, along with associated gas fromthe
Goliat oilfeld project, which is due onstream
in 2013, and where Statoil is a partner.
In the early years of production, Goliats
gas will be reinjected or used for power gen-
eration on the FPSO, but the Snhvit part-
ners are in discussions with Goliat operator
Eni, Nilsen says, about processing the gas at
Melkya at a future date.
Another long-term candidate could be
Statoils Skrugard oil discovery to the north,
which has limited quantities of associated gas.
During the frst 10-15 years of production,
these would probably be needed for injection
to boost oil recovery, Nilsen says, but some
gas might then be available for export through
a new 100-kmpipeline to Melkya.
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GULF OF MEXI CO
SEMS continues to shape
the offshore regulatory environment
Current rule applies to operators, but contractors must comply as well
Pisces Carmichael
Matt Beltz
Lloyds Register
A Safety and Environmental Management Systems program is based on
these elements fromAPI RP 75.
E
xpectations have changed for oil and gas operators in the Gulf
of Mexico over the last few years. Regulations from the Bu-
reau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), as
well as increased scrutiny from investors and the public, have
left companies searching for safer and more environmentally
sound methods to extract oil and gas found in deep and ultra-deep-
water.
The regulator, BSEE, proposes having a proper Safety and Environ-
mental Management Systems (SEMS) program in place not only ful-
flls the regulatory requirements, but provides a performance-based
approach to mitigate some of the risk inherent to working offshore.
Introduction to SEMS
SEMS is designed to help operators and contractors identify and
manage the safety hazards and environmental impacts occurring
during the design, construction, start-up, operation, inspection, and
maintenance of all new and existing facilities. SEMS applies to all
drilling, production, construction, well workover, well completion,
well servicing, mobile offshore drilling unit, and Department of In-
terior pipeline activities.
In 2010, the BSEE released the Workplace Safety Rule, which
mandated that all operators working in the outer continental shelf
(OCS) develop, implement, and maintain a SEMS program.
SEMS was launched as 30 CFR 250, Subpart S and based upon the
previously voluntary 13 element system from API Recommended
Practice 75. Earlier this year, BSEE released the SEMS Potential
Incident of Noncompliance List (PINC), which highlights BSEEs
key enforcement approach for SEMS.
The regulations require formal audits within two years of Novem-
ber 2011, and then every three years thereafter. According to BSEE,
an operators SEMS plan must be formally audited by an indepen-
dent third party. The plans for these audits must be submitted to
BSEE for approval.
When designing current SEMS regulations, BSEE set out to:
Focus attention on infuences that human error and poor orga-
nization have on incidents
Continuously improve the offshore industrys safety and envi-
ronmental record
Encourage the use of performance-based operating practices
Collaborate with industry in efforts that promote the public in-
terests of offshore worker safety and environmental protection.
Continual improvement requires best practices followed by implemen-
tation and evaluation. It is the responsibility of operator management to
ensure that goals and performance measures are established for their
SEMS program. These goals and performance measures should then be
made clear to all personnel working on their OCS facilities.
Specifcally, operators must:
Verify that personnel, including contractors, have received
proper training and have the skills and knowledge to perform
their assigned duties
Conduct design suitability studies when the original mechani-
cal or process design information no longer exists
Ensure a contractors hazard assessment and JSA documents are
revised and updated to refect changes in their SEMS program
Have a copy of all of the contractors Safe Work Practices (SWPs)
and ensure they cover all SEMS-covered tasks and operations.
A strong safety culture
It is important to remember that SEMS regulations are a mini-
mum requirement, said Danny Walker, vice president of Compli-
ance, Lloyds Register. Operators should strive to set their stan-
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and its subsidiaries. For further details please see http://www.lr.org/entities
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GULF OF MEXI CO
dards above the minimum safety standards
set by BSEE.
An operators SEMS program should be
the basis of a mature and continually improv-
ing safety culture. A safety culture cannot
improve without management accountabil-
ity. Therefore, management has responsibil-
ity and discretion to maintain and improve
the safety culture across the organization.
Operators with a strong safety culture
typically beneft from:
Low accident rates
Low turn-over
Few at-risk behaviors
Low absenteeism
High productivity.
SEMS and contractors
While the current SEMS regulations are
specifc to operators, for an operator to com-
ply its contractors must be aligned with their
SEMS plan. To continue providing services
to operators in the OCS, contractors must
prepare their people and processes to match
an operators SEMS plan, or they risk losing
business to SEMS-compliant competitors.
It is also apparent that BSEE may hold con-
tractors accountable to a documented SEMS
plan in the future.
At the 2012 Offshore Technology Confer-
ence, James Watson, director of BSEE, said:
Safety is the responsibility of everyone at
every level at all times.
When asked about contractor accountabili-
ty specifcally, Watson responded: In the past,
the Minerals Management Service chose not
to apply the authority at hand to contractors.
[BSEE] is going to use all our authorities, all
the areas that are available through the legisla-
tion that we operate, which does, actually, in-
clude contractors. Were going to take a mea-
sured approach and I think the outcome is
going to be a better, safer, industry when we
apply our authorities, whether its the operator
or the contractors.
Operator
requirements
Operators are required to maintain a writ-
ten record of criteria for selecting a specifc
contractor. Operators also must maintain doc-
umented contractor safety evaluations, and a
signed SEMS contractor bridging document
must be on fle prior to any work. This docu-
ment spells out an operators SEMS expecta-
tions for the contractor. These expectations
must then be communicated to all involved
contractor personnel.
Proactive contractors should be prepared to
aid the operator in preparing these documents
and be equipped to be audited by BSEE, the
operator, or an independent third party.
Contractors who have an effective HSE
process in place and on fle with an operator
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are best prepared to meet expectations and
to help their client meet BSEE requirements.
Challenges for contractors
Contractors are going to face many new
challenges as they try to operate within the
new SEMS regulations.
With new documentation and training needs,
contractors will need to maximize internal re-
sources. Such programs as the Lloyds Register
SEMS webinar series tell contractors look at ex-
isting documentation, records, HSE programs,
and personnel to leverage these resources in-
stead of starting from a new slate.
Personnel management is another area
contractors must attend. Employees and
subcontractors must be verifed as knowl-
edgeable and competent to perform their
tasks. This will affect the hiring process as
companies seek qualifed candidates that
are both competent and understand their
personal responsibilities under SEMS.
A contractors HSE and other training
programs must undergo continual mainte-
nance to stay effective. This will take time,
resources, and a management commitment
to be fully functional and effective.
Contractors also need to be sure personnel
continue to maintain their safety culture while
executing work for an operator. Each operator
and facility may have a different safety culture.
Contractors spread among multiple client
facilities will have multiple SEMS bridging
documents signed and in place. Each operator
likely will have slightly different expectations,
making it diffcult for a contractors personnel
to effectively transition from one operators
facilities to the next while keeping their own
companys safety culture constant.
The risk of noncompliance
According to the SEMS Potential Incident
of Noncompliance (PINC) list, incidents
of noncompliance carry potential fnes of
$35,000/day as well as having to shut in the
offshore facility in question until the prob-
lem is fxed.
For several items on the SEMS PINC list,
failure to comply results in a warning, but
if an operator fails to develop, implement or
maintain a SEMS program, or there is an un-
safe situation that poses an immediate dan-
ger, a facility shut in will occur.
BSEE can also shut in a facility if during
a SEMS audit the operator does not provide
the necessary documentation for a facility-
level hazards analysis.
It should be the goal of everyone working
in the OCS to provide a safe and responsible
working environment. As SEMS programs
are implemented across the industry, oper-
ating conditions will continue to improve as
risks are mitigated and individual responsi-
bilities heightened.
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GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSI CS
Enhancing EOR through reservoir modeling
New model conditioned for well observations,
with accurate volume calculations
F
or all the focus on EOR (enhanced oil re-
covery) in offshore operations over the
last few years, little attention has been
paid to the crucial role reservoir model-
ing plays in bolstering recovery rates.
Reservoir modeling today is the standard
platform to map, understand, and predict
oil and gas reservoir behavior. Whether it
is seismic interpretation, the building of a
structural model, fault and fracture model,
or history matching and simulation, reser-
voir modeling provides operators with cru-
cial information on oil and gas in place and
the potential obstacles to accessing them.
Embracing seismic
Reservoir modeling can only be truly ef-
fective in increasing oil and gas recovery
and providing input to EOR programs if it is
able to incorporate 3D and 4D seismic data.
The better that the user is able to incor-
porate 3D seismic and reservoir heteroge-
neities and extend the depth of static mod-
eling, the more accurate and realistic the
reservoir models are likely to be. In addition
to 3D seismic, 4D seismic can be highly
effective in mapping and monitoring fuid
movements.
All too often, however, the tendency is to
simplify, and err on the side of compromise
when addressing seismic-derived geologi-
cal complexities and reservoir heterogene-
ities. The reasons for this might include the
need for an easier workfow or the obvious
challenges of modeling seismic. The resolu-
tion of the seismic, for example, is often too
coarse to resolve the true geometries of the
heterogeneities, or uncertainty in depth can
make it diffcult to represent wells correctly.
While these rationales and the challenges
are understandable, there remains a real
danger that oversimplifed reservoir models
will not deliver the vital information opera-
tors require to improve recovery rates.
The ability to integrate seismic more tightly
into reservoir models can be achieved in a
number of ways. Property modeling, for ex-
ample, is one area where seismic data can be
combined with other data, such as well data, to
generate accurate and well-constrained reser-
voir models.
Emersons reservoir modeling software,
Roxar RMS includes an object-based, facies
modeling tool that incorporates information
derived from seismic directly into the facies
model. In this way, data extracted from seismic
can be blended with geostatistical tools, such
as guide lines and trends, to generate well-con-
strained sedimentary bodies, a more realistic
property model conditioned to well observa-
tions, and accurate volume calculations.
Other recent technology developments that
enable 3D and 4D seismic data to be incorpo-
rated into the reservoir model alongside exist-
ing data types, such as geological, geophysi-
cal and simulation data, include new seismic
inversion and seismic attribute tools.
The inversion tool, for example, allows
geoscientists to use seismic data to create a
rock property model quickly and accurately
using high-frequency information from well
logs combined with band-limited frequency
information from the seismic data.
In addition, Emerson has a new visualiza-
tion toolkit to enable modelers to extract
maximum value from seismic data through
the creation of attributes that more clearly
Tyson Bridger
Emerson Process Management
New seismic inversion and attribute tools can improve reservoir visualization.
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The Emerson logo is a trademark and service mark of Emerson Electric Co. 2012 Fisher Controls International LLC. D352080X012 MY124 (H:)
Third party certification means no time wasted on completing vendor product inspections.
Every Fisher
control valvereceived Lloyds Registers Marine TypeApproval for process

applications within the offshore oil andgas production industry and for those highintegrity control valveapplications that
could potentially affect the safe operationof theoffshore installation. Infact, all Fisher products havebeenthoroughly
tested per Lloyds Register requirements toconfirmcompliance withmarine industry standards.
All product designs have been certifiedto meet rigorous offshorecodes andstandards. Inaddition
to Marine Type Approval, Fisher facilities inall worldareas have been approved tomanufacture
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supplier inthe worldcan say the same. Now, youcanspend your time on...well, whatever youneed
to. Click on the QR codebelowor visit www.Fisher.com/Approved. Verify the facts.
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its products to meet marine specifications
and standards.
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__________________
defne reservoir structure and guide the user
through the facies modeling process.
Key features include importing tools for
SEG-Y data sets, and the fast and accurate
visualization of seismic data sets of any size
through interactive opacity control and col-
or manipulation capabilities.
The net result is a realistic property model
conditioned to well observations and with accu-
rate volume calculations all vital information
when looking to extend the life of the reservoir.
Improving North Sea
recovery rates
Reservoir modeling plays an important role
in increasing recovery rates and supporting
EOR programs in the Norwegian North Sea.
One example is Statoils Statfjord feld, one
of the oldest producing felds on the Norwe-
gian continental shelf (NCS) that today deliv-
ers recovery rates of up to 66% and is sched-
uled to remain active until 2019.
According to INTSOK, a joint partnership
between the Norwegian oil and gas indus-
try and the Norwegian government, Roxar
RMS has played a crucial role in generating
predictive models for the feld and providing
input to well intervention, 4D seismic, and
water management decisions. Furthermore,
any improved oil recovery efforts for the
feld, such as injecting water, also depend on
the predictive model developed.
Statoils Gullfaks feld in the North Sea is
another example where recovery rates are
now approaching 60%.
What characterizes a strong and effective
reservoir model today is one that can build
a realistic representation of the reservoir
geometry with fuid fow and volumes repre-
sented as accurately as possible.
With average global oil and gas recovery
rates in the 20% range, the smallest percent-
age improvements can have a signifcant im-
pact on both future oil and gas production
strategies and operators bottom lines.
Pemex case
One example of how reservoir modeling
contributes to feld development and EOR
strategies is on Pemexs Kutz feld, part of
the Cantarell asset, offshore Mexico in the
Gulf of Mexico.
The geological complexities and reser-
voir heterogeneities within the feld require
the latest in fracture, fault, and object-based
facies modeling tools, simulation-friendly
grids, and uncertainty analysis features to
create a robust and reliable reservoir model
on which to make future production deci-
sions.
The feld was placed on nitrogen injec-
tion in 2000 with production having declined
since 2003. There was a need for a 3Dmodel
tackle the felds geological complexities,
leading to a greater understanding of the as-
set and its reserves, and helping support up-
dated feld development plans based around
its 12 existing wells. The reservoir model
also can provide input to further simulations
and decisions when considering EOR.
With these goals in mind and with its
ability to enable direct reference between
the model and the 3D seismic, the program
helped develop a high resolution modeling
grid of 13 million cells using corner-point
geometry and incorporating 10 faults. The
fault modeling tool also allows geologists
and reservoir engineers to quickly and eas-
ily analyze the fault sealing properties and
fuid fow properties across faults in the 3D
reservoir model.
Reservoir properties in the Kutz feld
were also distributed using 3D modeling
tools for both the modeling of the facies and
in developing a petrophysics model.
Finally, uncertainty and probability analy-
sis estimated recovery from the feld and
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______________
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future production trends with 50 realizations taking place.
The result was a robust and accurate model of the Kutz feld that
addressed all geological complexities and honored reservoir hetero-
geneity. The model will be used for the further development of the
feld, in future simulation processes, and to maximize oil recovery
through water, gas, CO
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, and nitrogen injection.
Creating an integrated reservoir model
Reservoir models can be fully effective only if they are fully inte-
grated and capture all the felds complexities and heterogeneities.
Another example is in a giant, mature offshore feld with a geolog-
ically complex setting. Here, an integrated reservoir model was re-
quired as a platform to develop an EOR program to help rejuvenate
the feld a feld that was delivering low production rates despite its
good reservoir quality.
In this case, RMS and its Structural and Uncertainty modules de-
veloped an integrated, static model for the feld comprising more
than 100 zones and wells and up to 1,000 different reservoir com-
partments. The operator has subsequently used the model to sup-
port feld rejuvenation and EOR strategies.
Reservoir properties in Pemex Kutz field in the Gulf
of Mexico, distributed using 3D modeling tools for
both the modeling of the facies and in developing a
petrophysics model.
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DRI LLI NG & COMPLETI ON
Intelligent wells offer completion solution
for Lower Tertiary fields
Ultra-deep HP/HT environments raise new challenges
T
his summer will mark 15 years since the industrys frst intel-
ligent well installation. What started as a small niche in the
completions segment has expanded to now offer solutions for
a range of applications, many of them in the highly challeng-
ing environments.
Remote-operated interval control valves (ICVs) and real-time data
from permanent downhole gauges (PDGs) allow well performance
to be optimized without intervention. Hydraulic and electrical con-
trol lines strapped to the production tubing permit the use of mul-
tiple ICVs and PDGs in the completion sting. These control lines
operate and communicate with the ICVs and PDGs remotely from
surface.
Direct Hydraulics using the N+1 methodology (with N being
the number of dedicated open lines for each ICV and 1 being the
common close line to all ICVs) is the widely used downhole control
architecture. Today, a single well or an entire felds performance
can be monitored in real time and controlled using intelligent well
technology. As operators move into more complex and deeper wa-
ter projects around the world, the benefts of intelligent wells are
increasingly necessary to the oil and gas industry to economically
produce reserves and maximize recovery.
Intelligent wells
A growing number of installations and diverse product offerings
among service companies demonstrate the industrys acceptance
and growing use of intelligent well technology. Operators who are
well aware of the advantages of intelligent wells are looking for ways
to better integrate the remote operating and monitoring capability
into their more diffcult subsea completions.
In the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), new well targets in excess of 30,000
ft (9,144 m), such as in the Lower Tertiary Wilcox formation, are
creating new completions challenges for both operators and oilfeld
service companies alike. With planned multi-zone producers or in-
jectors in some of these ultra-deep HP/HT environments, methods
of effective zonal control, equipment reliability, and minimizing the
number of trips in the well are at the forefront of completion design
discussions. The desire for solutions that reduce rig operating and
intervention costs in these tough environments presents new oppor-
tunities for effcient completions using intelligent tools.
For service companies, there are several technical hurdles to be
overcome to achieve marketable solutions in these deeper subsea
wells. Accommodating the required pressure and temperature rat-
ings is a major challenge when bottomhole pressures are in excess
of 20,000 psi and temperatures in some areas are over 400 F (204
C). Technical advances will need to be made concerning elastomers
and metallurgy for tools to operate reliably in these demanding en-
vironments.
These new tool designs must still allow suffcient annular and
tubing fow areas for high-rate pumping and production, have long-
term service capability, and be compatible with standard equipment
and tubular sizes. It will be a balancing act between cross-sectional
tool geometries and material yield strength. Thinner cross-sectional
parts would need to be made of high-yield strength material to com-
bat the high bottomhole pressures.
Again these parts would need to be made of corrosion-resistant
alloys (CRA) to combat the corrosion effects of the completion and
produced fuids that will be used to complete these deep wells. Some
CRA materials have a certain yield strength limit beyond which they
tend to corrode.
Technology limits
Likewise conventional chevron-style dynamic seal stacks for
downhole equipment such as ICVs are not suitable in these HP/
HT environments. A combination of elastomers, thermoplastics and
steel will be required for dynamic seal stacks to provide the resil-
ience and rigidity required to withstand high pressure differential
at temperature.
The Lower Tertiary rock formations encountered in the GoM
tend to be comparatively high-pressure and high-temperature res-
ervoirs, often with high sand content (+70%) and usually underlie
Savio Saldanha
Halliburtons Completion Tools
Enhanced single-trip multi-zone system.
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Some conditions leave no
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________
a thick layer of salt sediments. The play is
expected to feature long, continuous pay
zones as long as 3,000 ft (914 m). High- rate
fracture stimulation techniques along with
screens will be the sand control method
that will be widely employed. As a result,
operators may have to adopt multi-zone,
single-trip fracturing strategies.
The stimulation technologies employed
would need to have the fexibility to address
various interval lengths and at the same
time provide effective zonal isolation in or-
der to initiate effective frac stimulations.
The system would need to handle proppant
concentrations ranging from 1-12 ppg, prop-
pant loading in excess of 500,000 lb per in-
terval, and rates in excess of 50 bpm.
The system would need to provide a
suitable barrier to prevent proppant fow-
back, be tolerant of formation compaction,
and most of all be able to handle fuid loss
or charged up zones while completing the
intervals. Current single-trip multi-zone
treatment methods such as Halliburtons
Enhanced Single-Trip Multi-Zone (ESTMZ)
system provide the consistency and reliabil-
ity needed to develop similar tools with even
higher pressure and temperature ratings.
Where fow control is concerned, cur-
rently available intelligent completion tech-
nology limits the completion of these lower
tertiary wells to effectively two zones. A
typical intelligent completion in the GoM in-
volves installing ICVs in the upper comple-
tion. These ICVs are stacked one on top of
the other with the lower shrouded ICV con-
trolling the bottom zone. Zones with similar
pressure regimes or those with similar injec-
tivity indexes are comingled.
As discussed, sand control involving
screens would be essential in almost all
wells being completed in the lower tertiary.
Placing the current ICVs inside the screen
assembly severely restricts the fow rate
involved in these highly prolifc producers.
Moreover, the OD of the tungsten carbide-
lined defector valves required in high-rate
water injectors hampers installing these
valves inside gravel pack screens.
Optimum performance
Monitoring the pay zone is essential for
optimizing reservoir performance. Moni-
toring downhole activity can provide good
information in and around the wellbore
as well as across the reservoir. A detailed
mapping of the hydrocarbon behavior can
Discussions are under way between oil companies and
service companies alike to bring the intelligent fow
control and reservoir monitoring to the sandface.
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provide a meaningful indication of how the
reservoir is overburdened under the infu-
ence of production and secondary recovery
phases. Currently single point, quartz crys-
tal pressure and temperature sensors are
widely used to monitor these reservoirs.
Fiber-optic sensors provide a better reso-
lution of the reservoir interval (1 m inter-
val). However, interface issues downhole as
well as at the subsea pod are a challenge to
installing fber optic in these subsea wells
at the current point in time. The size of the
gauge mandrels involved in deploying the
quartz gauges requires installing the gauge
assembly outside the gravel pack assembly,
at times placing these gauges hundreds of
feet away from the pay zone. Thus the pres-
sure being monitored is not only measuring
comingled pressure but is also not repre-
sentative of the true pressure from each
interval.
Discussions are under way between oil
companies and service companies alike to
bring the intelligent fow control and res-
ervoir monitoring to the sandface. Innova-
tive technology will be required not only to
meet the HP/HT requirement of the lower
tertiary, but also to maintain tool designs
within the drilling and completions current
space envelope (i.e., hole/casing sizes) and
at the same time provide higher production
or injection fow rates.
The ICVs, PDGs, and screen designs
would need to be optimized to provide an in-
tegrated solution or a concentric intelligent
completion solution. A reduction in screen
internal diameter has a domino effect on the
rating of the frac service tool. A reduction
in the outer diameter of the service tool will
permit faster erosion requiring an additional
trip in hole with a new service tool. More-
over, the pressure drop created at 50-bpm
fow rate in the service tool may be exces-
sive and could be a limitation to the frac
treating pressure. The number of control
lines required for operating and communi-
cating to the ICVs and PDGs would need to
be minimized as these lines would either be
installed on the screen outer diameter or in-
stalled on the concentric string.
Enabling technology
In either case the space envelope involved
limits the applicability of the direct hydraulics
N+1 downhole control system. Interfacing these
control lines with the upper completion or pro-
duction string may require an electro-hydraulic
downhole wet connect. This key enabling tech-
nology is currently in the infancy stage.
Reliable mating and de-mating is essential
to the success of these extremely expensive
wells. Incorporating fber-optic technology
across the sandface level would require a
fber-optic disconnect tool. Various service
companies are working to develop a solution
that would bring the benefts of fber tech-
nology in long horizontal dry tree applica-
tions to the subsea environment.
Again, all these solutions would need to
consider future secondary recovery meth-
ods; such as electric submersible pumps
from an up-hole interface standpoint.
Thus, several technical hurdles need to
be overcome to provide a robust and reli-
able completion solution that will unlock
the potential of the Lower Tertiary. Current
technology would need to be re-engineered
or optimized. Radical changes to the way
we drill and complete these wells may be
required to develop technology that would
allow us to reach the goal without being cost
prohibitive. Certain compromises will need
to be made as the technology evolves. The
oil companies and service companies will
need to work together to develop the next
generation technology to maximize the val-
ue offered by the Lower Tertiary.
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______________
_
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_
Flow detection system saves time, money
in record HP/HT Norwegian well
Automated MPD system mitigates drilling hazards
W
hile planning for an offshore Norwegian exploratory well,
surface pressure of nearly 15,000 psi and extremely high
temperatures were anticipated.
To understand and control wellbore dynamics while
maintaining an overbalanced wellbore, the operator in-
stalled a managed pressure drilling (MPD) system to provide early
kick detection and to allow for wellbore breathing mitigation.
A key objective of using MPD was to set the 9 7/8-in. production-
casing shoe as close to the reservoir as possible to allow the optimal 8
-in. section to be drilled to total depth (TD) within a very narrow, 0.4
ppg drilling window. A signifcant challenge was presented with well
breathing events in the diffcult wellbore environment, which made
pore pressure evaluation and kick detection critical to drilling the well.
The operator selected Weatherfords automated MPD system to
mitigate the drilling hazards, which allowed the entire 8 -in. section
to be drilled to 5,933 m (19,465 ft) TD. The system saved the client an
estimated $7.5 million and 10 days of rig time while reducing risk and
improving safety. Weighting up the mud system and controlling gas
infuxes accounted for approximately fve of those saved days.
Planning process
Existing MPD procedures could not be directly applied to the
well, and the extreme HP/HT environment prompted a cautious ap-
proach.
A project team formed by the operator and MPD personnel was
established roughly four months ahead of the spud date. A rig survey
determined that some major rig modifcations were required, because
the area between the rigs annular preventer and the diverter could
not accommodate the rotating control device (RCD). As a result, the
riser had to be nippled down in the yard and a new, shorter overshot
mandrel and packer assembly were manufactured to provide the
necessary space between the annular and the diverter.
Underbalanced drilling techniques could not be applied at any
stage and surface backpressure would only be applied if
an infux was detected. It was necessary to include
the MPD procedures in the conventional
HP/HT procedures and establish
guidelines for the use of MPD
and conventional rig equipment.
Several workshops and HP/HT
training sessions were conduct-
ed for rig and MPD personnel.
A full suite of integrated procedures and decision trees were pre-
pared. It was decided that any kicks above 1 bbl would be handled by
the standard rig equipment due to a risk of taking a secondary kick
if a kick greater than 1 bbl was circulated undetected to the surface.
MPD operations
Two rig surveys were conducted to determine where the MPD
equipment would be placed. Due to limitations on variable deck
load, space, and overshot mandrel modifcations, none of the MPD
equipment could be rigged up before the intermediate 13 5/8-in.
casing had been run and cemented in place. Norwegian regulations
also specifed that electric cabling on the rig be upgraded to Norsok
standards. A total of 2 km(1.25 mi) of new cables had to be installed
before the equipment could be installed.
The MPD equipment package featured an MPD manifold unit
that included computer-controlled chokes, Coriolis fow meters,
and an intelligent control unit. A passive, self-lubricating, large-bore
RCD (able to handle pipe up to 6 5/8-in. OD) was connected to the
BOP annular. A removable bearing assembly for the RCD allowed
for an 18.69-in. ID when the bearing was removed. The RCD model
that was used is the frst certifed to API 16D specifcation. Its pres-
sure rating is 2,000 psi static and 500 psi at 200 rpm.
The equipment package also included various MPD sensors in
the MPD fowlines and mud pits. Hard and fexible piping was used
to connect the MPD equipment to the RCD, the rigs choke mani-
fold, the trip tank, and the rigs poor-boy degasser.
A top fange tied the RCD back to the rigs bell nipple. This equip-
ment was rigged up prior to drilling out of the 13 5/8-in. casing.
Executing the plan
Prior to drilling, an extensive fushing, pressure testing and fnger-
printing programwas conducted. The MPD system was engaged from
the bottom600 m (1.968 ft) of the 12 -in. hole to ac-
quaint crews with new procedures and equipment
in advance of the lower, more diffcult section.
After a series of tests to fnger print the well,
a 10% increase in the gas level was observed at
5,562 m(18,248 ft). Drilling was stopped and the
well was circulated without any sig-
nifcant decrease in the gas levels.
Surface backpressure (SBP)
was added in 100-psi incre-
ments until the gas fow
stopped. The fow and den-
sity parameters stabilized at
350 psi SBP, indicating a pore
pressure of 18.5-18.6 ppg. To
verify an underbalanced state, the
MPD choke was opened briefy, and
conditions were confrmed.
The bit was held stationary at 5,562 m (18,248
Brian Grayson
Weatherford International Ltd.
MPD rig up schematic.
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seabed-to-surface
Subsea 7 |s a g|oba| |eader |n seabed-to-surface eng|neer|ng, construct|on and
serv|ces, and as such our expert|se, EPIC projects and d|verse cha||enges can
offer you the opportun|ty to de||ver wor|d f|rsts. One recent m||estone was the
|aunch from our W|ck fabr|cat|on s|te, of the wor|d's |ongest p|pe||ne bund|e,
measur|ng 28km |n |ength.
The sheer diversity of our projects means an engineering career at Subsea 7 can
take you just about anywhere.
Technology makes our work possible,
but its our people who bring it to life.
We are currently recruiting the following disciplines to be part of our ambitious future:
Project Insta||at|on Eng|neers
P|p|ng Eng|neers
Draughtspersons
For more information on our North Sea projects or to apply,
please visit www.subsea7.com/epic
www.subsea7.com
Be part of a project that`s
shap|ng the subsea sector.
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ke/iob/e portner for
e cient oshore so/unons
InC Merwede
oshore[lhcmerwede.com
www.lhcmerwede.com
Innovanve vesse|s Advanced equ|pment L|fe-cyc|e support
V|s|t us at k|o C|| & Gas,
17-20 September,
av|||on 2, booth C40
V|s|t us at CNS Stavanger,
28-31 August,
na|| I, b|ock I996
ft) and the mud weight was increased from
17.5 ppg to 18.0 ppg in one circulation cycle to
slowly reduce the SBP on the MPD system to
an equivalent 18.6-ppg dynamic mud weight.
To confrm that formation integrity had not
changed at the casing shoe (19.5 ppg), the
MPD equipment was used to perform an
open hole leak-off test.
The 19.1 ppg test fgure indicated the pore-
pressure/fracture gradient window had been
reduced to only 0.5 ppg. Mud weight was
ramped up to 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, and 18.6 ppg to
carefully maintain a bottomhole circulating
pressure less than 19.0 ppg, ensuring a 0.1
ppg safety margin.
Total rig time was only 40 hours from the
initial small gas infux at 5,562 m through a
sequence of steps that accurately determined
the pore pressure (at 18.6 ppg) with full pres-
sure control, weighted up from 17.5 ppg to
18.6 ppg, and accurately determined the new
formation integrity. Handled conventionally,
the process might have taken fve to six days.
Keeping ECD below 19.0 ppg required
the fow rate be maintained below 200 gal-
lons per minute (gpm) for the remainder
of the well. Small losses were experienced
through the sandy intervals.
After the gas incident had been resolved,
confdence in the system increased, and it
was decided to apply SBP on connection in
order to reduce wellbore breathing and the
time required to circulate the gas out of the
hole. The available pressure window did not
allowfor a trip margin when pulling the BHA
for bit changes and coring.
Swabbing the well was avoided by strip-
ping out the pipe through the RCD with a
backpressure equivalent to 19.0 ppg from TD
to approximately 1,400 m (4.593 ft) inside the
production casing. A heavy, 20.0-ppg mud cap
pill was placed at 4,000 m (13.123 ft) to give the
necessary trip margin for the remainder of the
trip. When tripping back in it was discovered
that the pill had not strung out much in the
wellbore and had to be circulated out in steps
carefully to avoid losses. Although some loss-
es were experienced, they decreased toward
the bottom of the pill and completely stopped
once the pill was out of the hole.
Extensive use of the MPD systemand the
application of new techniques for tripping
enabled the 8 -in. hole to reach TDat 5,932
m (19,463 ft) in 8 to 10 days sooner than off-
Automated MPD system.
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__________
Hydratight sets international standards in joint integrity on a
global scale. With a team of over 1,000 employees operating
from 35 global locations, Hydratight has the engineering
technology and expertise to offer safe, fast, accurate leak-free
connections and pipeline integrity solutions.
To find out more at
www.hydrat|ght.com/o||andgas
INNOVATION AS STANDARD
set wells where an intermediate liner was re-
quired. The 8 -in. hole size benefted wire-
line logging, coring, fshing operations and
DST testing compared to carrying out the
same operations in a 6 or 5 5/8-in. hole. The
MPD stripping technique was much faster
than the standard process. It is estimated
that a minimum of 12 hours were saved on
every trip using the technique.
The MPD operations were also used in
the P&A phase of the well. With a solid foat
in the cement string, the MPD system held
approximately 50 psi backpressure on the
plugs when pulling out of the cement. In ad-
dition, the 2,000 psi static pressure rating of
the MPD equipment allowed its use to pres-
sure test the cement plugs after tagging,
which was signifcantly faster than rigging
up to the cement unit for testing.
Lessons learned
Using MPD and sophisticated fow de-
tection equipment allowed the well to be
safely drilled to TD in an 8- in. hole with
a 0.4 ppg pressure window. Doing so added
signifcant value to the formation evaluation
program and with the DST.
The MPD system accurately determined
the pore pressure in the well without the
need for any wireline tools, and this included
a sudden rise in pore pressure from 17.5 to
18.6 ppg. Locking in the ECD pressure dur-
ing connections in a controlled and safe way
eliminated all extra circulation time resulting
from gas from wellbore breathing during
connections.
It was shown that MPD procedures can be
tailored for the application and can be used to
save time and cost without placing the well-
bore in an underbalanced state. Using MPD
controlled stripping techniques can eliminate
the need for the conventional pump out to
the shoe check trip.
Savings experienced
Using MPDled to operational and econom-
ic advantages. In total, using the MPD system
saved 18.5 days or about $13.9 million. MPD
rig-up and testing the net savings was 10 days
($7.5 million).
Four days, or about $3 million, was saved
compared to a conventional set up when con-
trolling gas infuxes, determining the pore
pressure and enabling controlled weighting
up. About 10 days ($7.5 million) were saved
by successfully drilling the 8 -in. hole to TD
in the narrow pore pressure/fracture gradi-
ent margin.
The elimination of gas check trips when
pulling out for bit changes and coring saved
two days ($1.5 million). The MPD system al-
lowed stripping out with backpressure to con-
trol swabbing.
Other benefts included saving two days,
because no dummy connections were re-
quired; and another half day which would
have involved conducting open hole LOTs
and pressure tests of cement plugs with the
MPD equipment.
Signifcant time savings were achieved
by locking in the ECD pressure during con-
nections, which eliminated long circulation
periods following the connections. However,
this is diffcult to quantify and has not been
included in the time calculation. Lastly, a
total of eight and a half days were spent on
rigging up, fushing, pressure testing, and
fngerprinting the well
Moving to a closed loop, managed pressure
drilling system provided the data and control
to drill within a very narrow window in this ex-
treme HP/HT well and still maintain an over-
balanced mud weight throughout the opera-
tion. Understanding pore pressure and well
dynamics provided information for correct
decisions to be made and for an automated
control system using annular backpressure to
effectively manage small infuxes and losses.
This capability allowed the well to reach TD
expediently with the optimal hole diameter.
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______________
Logging-while-drilling technology
continues to reduce drilling risk
W
hen logging-while-drilling (LWD)
made its debut in the late 1980s,
several advantages were touted.
Chief among these was the poten-
tial elimination of wireline logs.
In addition, it was postulated that LWD tools
arrived at target formations only a few min-
utes after they had been penetrated by the
bit, thus avoiding, for the most part, invasion
of mud fltrate that might fush hydrocarbons
away from the sandface.
But early LWD log quality, resolution and
depth accuracy were not up to the same level
of that offered by popular wireline logs that
were in use at the time. LWD telemetry band-
width limited real-time transmission of log
data. That was then.
Today, modern LWD logs rival their wire-
line counterparts in most categories. New
tools measure nearly every formation param-
eter with comparable precision. Telemetry
bandwidth has been boosted, and downhole
processing has reduced the amount of data
so decision-critical information is available to
the logging engineer in real time.
As the perceived value of LWD/MWD data
escalated, operators who once were not satis-
fed by the cost have come increasingly to ac-
cept that the cost is more than offset by the
value of timely drilling and reservoir informa-
tion. As more extended-reach wellbores are
constructed, operators are not comfortable ex-
trapolating formation information from vertical
pilot holes that could be thousands of feet away.
They demand accurate data in these wellbores.
This has leveled the playing feld for LWD ver-
sus wireline. The ability toreduce riskand steer
wellbores precisely into formation sweet spots
transcends the cost in many cases.
Delivering
quantitative solutions
Akshay Sagar, Global Business Develop-
ment Manager for Schlumberger Drilling
& Measurements, explained his companys
position. Schlumberger is committed to de-
livering quantitative solutions through high
quality measurements using a complete
portfolio of formation evaluation services
supported by geographically dispersed cen-
ters strategically located worldwide with
highly skilled technical experts to support
these services. He continued: Two new
measurements have been launched to kick
off an aggressive campaign of new technol-
ogy introductionthe NeoScope sourceless
formation evaluation while drilling service
and the MicroScope resistivity- and imaging-
while-drilling service, he said.
Both new members of the Scope family of
LWD services provide formation evaluation
for various targeted applications. The Neo-
Scope tool is the frst systemable to provide a
comprehensive multi-function formation eval-
uation without a chemical radioactive source.
Using a unique application of nuclear physics,
the high-energy electronic neutron generator
provides 2.5 times deeper reading formation
density, neutron porosity, Sigma, and elemen-
tal spectroscopy with repeatable accuracy.
Interpretation of the resulting logs benefts
from a new algorithm that translates data into
actionable information in real time.
The MicroScope service helps in accurate
formation evaluation and well placement in
reservoir sweet spots. Operating equally well
in clastics and carbonates, it maps natural
fracture networks to support the completion
design. Recently, in China, the tool maintained
91% coverage in a 3 ft to 7 ft (1 m to 2 m) thin
dolomite bed over a 3,600-ft (1,095 m) lateral
despite numerous faults and dip variations.
The new services work well in combina-
tion with other members of the Scope Family
of LWDservices in the respective hole sizes,
said Sagar. NeoScope is especially useful in
countries with strict rules that limit transpor-
tation of traditional radioactive sources, he
explained. Also, in high risk areas, such as
deepwater, customers no longer risk losing
a radioactive source in the hole and all the
mandatory and costly procedures that ac-
company such incidents. The added reliabil-
ity is paying off.
Obtaining essential
information
Baker Hughes has replicated most of the fea-
tures of its popular Reservoir Characterization
Instrument (RCI) in the new FASTrak LWD
fuid analysis sampling and testing-while- drill-
ing service. This new service is capable of mak-
ing an unlimited number of pressure and fuid
analysis tests; it can also capture and recover up
to 16 fuid samples under pressure-volume-tem-
perature (PVT) conditions. The advantages of
taking samples while drilling include obtaining
a higher quality sample with less contamina-
tion, and reduced pump-out times due toless in-
vasion of the drilling fuid into the newly drilled
reservoir. Combined, this results in better sam-
ples at a reduced overall cost. This service was
developed to help gather formation pressure
data and samples in environments that cannot
be tested with wireline tools, such as in highly
deviated or extended-reach wells.
In addition to the RCI-type sensors, the
new LWD sample service offers automatic
sequencing during pressure testing, pump-
through operations and sampling. During
these operations, quality data bits are sent up
to the surface to ensure everything is going
according to plan.
Dick Ghiselin
Special Correspondent
(Left) Schlumberger engineer inspects the Micro-
Scope resistivity and imaging-while-drilling tool.
(Above) Schlumberger engineers download data
from the NeoScope sourceless logging-while-
drilling formation evaluation tool.
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Welcome to the Pay Zone.
Finish strong.
When youve gone this far to reach your deepwater
pay, you need a completion that meets the challenges
of your reservoir.
With unrivaled deepwater experience and industry-
leading technical capabilities, we design, test, and
certify advanced systems for HP/HT pay zones, for sand
control and high-rate frac pack applications, and to
boost production from the seabed to the surface
safely and reliably. Plus, our experts work with you
throughout your deepwater project to minimize NPT
and maintain peak production from your pay zone.
5,000 feet of water.
17,500 feet of hole.
Hostile reservoir.
With testing capabilities
of 40,000 psi and 700F,
our Center for Technology
Innovation enables us to go
well beyond the industrys
current HP/HT requirements.
0
200
400
600
800
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
T
e
m
p
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a
t
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r
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(
F
)
Pressure (psi)
North Sea
GoM Lower Tertiary
GoM Shelf
Baker Hughes
HP/HT Tool Rating
Baker Hughes
Test Cell Rating
bakerhughes.com/pzm-dw
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The new LWD sampling service of-
fers SmarTest optimized pressure test-
ing, as employed by the Baker Hughes
TesTrak formation pressure-while-
drilling service. The SmarTest feature,
vital in determining fuid pressure and
mobility, is performed automatically,
and the test parameters are monitored
by the engineer at the surface. Subse-
quently, the tool selects the optimum
pre-test and prepares to take a sample
on the command of the engineer.
During the FASTrak clean-up activity, fuid
is pumped through the tool where it is ana-
lyzed in real time and its degree of contamina-
tion is assessed by the engineer before a sam-
ple is captured. Contaminated fuid is pumped
through the tool and back into the mud col-
umn. Only when the contamination level is
acceptable will a sample be captured. Among
the fuid parameters continuously measured
are viscosity, pressure, temperature, sound
velocity, density, and refractive index. Calcula-
tions of compressibility and the gas-to-oil ratio
(GOR) are also performed during the fuid
clean-up stage.
Seal integrity is maintained automatically
using the unique SmartPad feature. When
the tool sets, it adjusts its setting pressure
to maintain a seal. If during the course of the
test the sealing pressure bleeds down below
a certain threshold, the pump automatically
initiates to restore and maintain the required
sealing pressure. If the probe reaches full
stroke and sealing pressure continues to
bleed, a potential loss-of-seal warning is sent
to the engineer so no time is wasted.
The potential of the tool becoming stuck is
minimized because it is designed so the rig
can maintain circulation the entire time
the tool is set. To take advantage of this,
Baker Hughes engineers have equipped
the tool with a mud turbine to generate
the necessary electrical power to oper-
ate the tool. Since the tool activities are
electro-mechanical rather than hydrau-
lic, they were designed to be simpler
and more robust with greater reliability,
and under a wide range of environmen-
tal conditions.
The LWD system uses the same
single-phase sample tanks as in the RCI
wireline tool. To ensure single-phase
samples are obtained, the test tanks are
pre-charged with nitrogen to keep the
samples above their bubble points. After
450 cc to 830 cc samples are taken, the
pump over pressures the tank before it
is sealed to ensure the sample is maintained
above the bubble point. Filled test tanks are
approved by the US Department of Transpor-
tation for air, land or sea transport. A unique
optical feld analysis can be made to ensure
the tank contains a representative sample be-
fore it is transported.
This service has acquired wireline-quality
measurements in extremely challenging bore-
hole environments. In Europe, an operation
was performed in a 4,287 ft (1,307 m) tangent
section at 73 inclination. The service accu-
rately measured gradient quality formation
pressures and collected six oil, two water, and
three gas samples.
High-fdelity rock music
Halliburton has doubled down on its Bimodal
AcousTic (BAT) tool success by launching the
QBAT multipole LWD sonic tool. With signif-
cant design improvements, the new tool helps
deliver accurate shear and compressional veloc-
ity measurements in a wider range of formation
types than its predecessor. Very soft formations,
like those often found just beneath the mudline
in deepwater wells, are targeted by the QBAT
sensors, and the tool provides geomechanics
and wellbore stability parameters for determina-
tion of rock mechanical properties that
are essential for successful completion
designs.
Fourteen wideband piezoelectric
receivers form an array that has an im-
proved upper limit of slow shear mea-
surement of over 600 sec/ft; this is at
least 50% better than previously pos-
sible. The receivers are much less sen-
sitive to drilling noise and have a much
wider frequency response than standard
ones. When coupled with four tunable
axial transducers, positioned at 0,
90, 180, and 270 around the collars
circumference, the combination deliv-
ers monopole, dipole, and quadrupole
measurements under noisy drilling en-
vironments and/or poor borehole conditions.
Translating tool description to delivered wave
types, this means the tool can acquire Stoneley,
fexural, and screw waves for comprehensive
acoustic interpretations that include synthetic
seismograms and amplitude variation with off-
set (AVO) reconciliation. The ability to tune the
transducers allows the engineer to optimize the
frequency to match the resonant frequency of
each formation being drilled for higher quality
compressional and shear-wave detection. Shear
wave velocity is more accurate because of si-
multaneous multipole inversion, paying off in
demanding borehole conditions.
The tool has numerous applications. Besides
traditional outputs like formation porosity, the tool
can provide a cement bond indicator and deter-
mining cement top of surface or intermediate cas-
ing as the tool string traverses the upper portion
of the hole. It has the high resolution to identify
natural fracture swarms and evaluate them for
possible subsequent completion decisions. And it
can discriminate the presence of gas in the forma-
tion using Vp/Vs ratios.
Available in 4.75-in., 6.75-in., 8-in., and 9.50-in.
sizes, the QBAT tool is compatible with all Halli-
burton LWD tools so custom confgurations can
be specifed. The 8-in. size is also available in a
high-fow version with 25% greater fow di-
ameter. This doubles the maximum mass
mud-fow rate to 20,000 lbm/min over the
standard 8-in. size. A major beneft of the
new acoustic confguration is a signifcant
boosting of signal-to-noise ratio which over-
comes drilling noise that often compromis-
es sonic measurements.
Baker Hughes has replicated most of the
features of its popular Reservoir Charac-
terization Instrument in the new FASTrak
LWD fluid analysis sampling and testing-
while-drilling service.
Halliburton has doubled down on its
Bimodal AcousTic (BAT) tool success
by launching the QBAT multipole LWD
sonic tool. Tracks 1 and 2 show the high
frequency response for the QBAT sensor
wideband receiver (Track 1) versus a
standard receiver (Track 2). Tracks 3 and
4 show the same comparison for the low
frequency response. The receivers were
all mounted on the same tool, operating in
extremely poor hole conditions.
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HALLIBURTON Solving challenges.
2012 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

CEMENTING SERVICES
What if, for cementing depleted
zones, there were a predictive
analysis service that could
model the precise placement
of your lightweight cement?
iCem
service answers
questions before the job.
Find out how athalliburton.com/icem
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_____________________
IPLOCA - Connecting the pipeline
construction industry
UniqueBusiness
Networking
HSEMonitoring&
Awards
Construction
lnnovation&Awards
lndustry-specic
Training
INTERNATIONALPIPELINE&OFFSHORECONTRACTORSASSOCIATION
240corporatemembersfrommorethan40countries
www.iploca.com
Big bang sonic tool
Weatherfords ShockWave sonic tool addresses the industry
need for reliable, real-time access to reservoir information while
drilling. The tool provides high-quality sonic data continuously.
According to Mohamed Diab, Weatherford ShockWave Sonic
Product Champion, We chose an LWD design to provide maxi-
mumbeneft to the driller. A high-quality signal delivered froman
LWD tool removes the need to run a separate wireline sonic tool,
saving money and time, he explained.
The essence of the new tool was to create a device that would
maximize formation signals while minimizing drilling noise
events. The goal of the design group was to develop a high-accu-
racy downhole measurement to deliver real-time data under any
drilling conditions. The team was aided by the initial develop-
ment of a software modeling program that allows them to test
and qualify designs of individual tool components and the entire
tool itself on paper, eliminating the need to build and test pro-
totypes. A key objective was to design effective sound isolation
between the tool transmitter and its receivers while maintaining
strength of the drill collar.
Diab elaborated: Our transmitter enables a high-strength
signal that can be easily differentiated from the drilling noise
associated with the LWD environment. It provides good signal
directionality to focus the signal into the formation with nominal
sonic energy being transmitted to the tool body. Diab continued
to explain how engineers and scientists were able to design and
test several transmitter/receiver concepts to achieve maximum
signal-to-noise ratio. The fnal transmitter design delivers about
0.87 psi of pressure which is 50% more than the tools wireline
counterpart. He claimed the LWD transmitter output was two to
three times greater than that of conventional LWD sonic devices in
the industry. The design is scalable, and can be confgured to ft dif-
ferent collar sizes as needed. Currently 6.75-in. and 8.25-in. tools are
available with other sizes under development. The tough ShockWave
sonic tool has pressure and temperature ratings of 30,000 psi and
329F (165C) respectively.
The receiver array has high sensitivity in the axial direction and
lowsensitivity in the radial direction making it particularly sensitive
to formation signals and less sensitive to collar signals or mud fow
noise. Receivers are acoustically isolated from the collar to mini-
mize direct coupling of transmitted signals through the collar. Pro-
cessed data is available in the feld within a few hours after the bit run.
Successful applications have been achieved in the Gulf of Mexico,
the North Sea the Middle East and China. In the North Sea, a par-
ticularly challenging job required logging through 9 5/8-in. casing. Ac-
cording to Diab, the tool correctly identifed the casing and presented
a continuous compressional sonic log of the formation behind the pipe.
Continuous technical improvements
Over a period spanning three decades, the capabilities and quality of
LWD solutions has steadily increased. LWD tool strings have played
an enabling role in all the recent world record extended reach drilling
(ERD) wells and in the worlds ultra deepwater discoveries. Today, the
providers of modern LWD tool strings can truly live up to the promise
made decades ago. If the drillers can drill it, we can log it.
Weatherfords ShockWave sonic tool addresses the industry need for reli-
able, real-time access to reservoir information while drilling.
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ShawCors new Simulated Service Vessel (SSV), winner of the 2012
OTC Spotlight on New Technology Award, is the industrys largest
and most advanced deepwater test chamber for end-to-end thermal
insulation systems. It accommodates pipe samples up to 6 m long and
910 mm external diameter, and simulates water depths to 3,000 m
and temperatures up to 180C. The innovative SSV helps validate
your subsea insulation design through accurate determination of
U-value, cool-down and compressive creep; precise control of
testing process; real-time data acquisition and expert analysis.
ShawCor when you need to be sure
When your pipeline is 3,000 meters subsea, you cant afford uncertainty
2012 Award Winner
shawcor.com
Watch the SSV video:
www.shawcor.com/ssv
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68 Of fshore August 2012

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Directional
APS Technology (Rental Division) Brian A. Stroehlein 7 Laser Lane Wallingford, CT 06492 (860) 613-4450 bstroehlein@aps-tech.com
APS SureShot 3 1/8, 3 1/2, 4 3/4,
6 1/4,
6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2+
25* Collar-limited Collar-defined 150 and
175
20 and 25 (3 1/2) 27,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 6,
(8) 3,
(9 1/2) 2
(3 1/2) 150,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 35,
(8) 20,
(9 1/2) 10
(6 1/2 - 6 3/4) 114,
(8) 61,
(9 1/2) 32
(9 1/2) 220 (3 1/8, 3 1/2) 70 - 250
(4 3/4) 150 - 350
(6 1/4, 6 3/4) 150- 750
(8) 300 - 1,100
(9 1/2+) 650 - 1,200
APS SureShot with Gamma 3 1/8, 3 1/2, 4 3/4,
6 1/4,
6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2+
175
20 and 25 (3 1/2) 29,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 6,
(8) 3,
(9 1/2) 2
(3 1/2) 165,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 40,
(8) 20,
(9 1/2) 10
(6 1/2 - 6 3/4) 114,
(8) 61,
(9 1/2) 32
(9 1/2) 225 (3 1/8, 3 1/2) 70 - 250
(4 3/4) 150 - 350
(6 1/4, 6 3/4) 150- 750
(8) 300 - 1,100
(9 1/2+) 650 - 1,200
APS SureShot Gamma + WPR
Propagation Resistivity
3 1/2, 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 59 (2 pcs.)* Collar-limited Collar-defined 150 and
175
20 and 25 Configuration-
dependent
Configuration-dependent Configuration-
dependent
Configuration-dependent (3 1/2) 190 max. (4 3/4) 350
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
APS Push-the-Bit Rotary
Steerable Motor (RSM)
6 3/4
(blades and stabilizers
for 8 1/2 and 8 3/4
holes)
17* Programmable build rates of 0.5
to 5.5. Also, vertical and tangent
angle hold modes.
150 20 250 psi @600
gal/min
300 - 600 gal/min
Baker Hughes Dana Morrison - 2929 Allen Parkway, Suite 2100, Houston, TX 77019, (713) 439-8254, dana.morrison@bakerhughes.com/ AskDrillingServices@bakerhughes.com
AutoTrak Curve
(High-build rate Rotary
Steerable System, including
MWD)
6 3/4 6 3/4in = 37.8 6 3/4in = 30/15 BHA-dependent Standard
150
Standard
20
(a) (a) (a) (a) 6 3/4in = 300-750
AutoTrak G3
(Rotary Steerable System,
including OnTrak MWD or
AziTrak Integrated MWD/LWD)
4 3/4
6 3/4
8 1/4
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 50.8
6 3/4in = 49.9
8 1/4in = 56.9
9 1/2in = 58.1
4 3/4in = 30/10
6 3/4in = 20/13
8 1/4in = 9/6.5
9 1/2in = 13/6.5
BHA-dependent Standard
150;
Optional
175 for 6
3/4in, 8
1/4in, 9
1/2in
Standard
20
Optional 25
&30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900 8 1/4in
= 300-1290 9 1/2in =
300-1,600
AutoTrak X-treme (Rotary
OnTrak MWD or AziTrak
Integrated MWD/LWD and
hard-wired, precontoured
modular X-treme mud motor)
4 3/4
6 3/4
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 72.6
6 3/4in = 70
9 1/2in = 82
4 3/4in = 25/10
6 3/4in = 16/7
9 1/2in = 8/3.8
150;
Optional
175 for
6 3/4in,
9 1/2in
Standard
20
Optional 25
&30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900
9 1/2in = 300-1600
AutoTrak eXpress (Rotary
Steerable Systemincluding
MWD, can be run with hard-
wired modular X-treme motor)
4 3/4
6 3/4
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 56.8
6 3/4in = 58.2 Version 6 3/4in
High Dog Leg = 70
9 1/2in = 64.6
4 3/4in = 30/10
6 3/4in = 23/8 Version 6 3/4in
High Dog Leg = 23/12
9 1/2in = 13/6.5
BHA-dependent 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900
9 1/2in = 300-1600
AutoTrak V
(Rotary Steerable Systemthat
does not require MWD)
4 3/4
6 3/4
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 23.1
6 3/4in = 19.7
9 1/2in = 22.3
4 3/4in = 30/10
6 3/4in = 23/8
9 1/2in = 13/6.5
150;
Optional
175 for
6.3/4in,
9.1/2in
Standard
20
Optional 25
&30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900
9 1/2in = 300-1600
Advanced SLIMMWD system 3 1/8 26.4 50 sliding , Rotation BHA
dependant
N/A 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 79 - 180
CoilTrak - Coiled Tubing Drilling
System
2 3/8in and 3in on CT 49.5, typical BHA including
motor
2 3/8in 50, 3in 45 - sliding only N/A 150 14.5 (a) (a) (a) (a) 2 3/8in max 80, 3in max 211
CoilTrak Rib-Steered Motor
(Extended Reach/Straight
Trajectory drilling module for
use in conjunction with
CoilTrak system)
3in on CT 19.6 10 - sliding only N/A 150 14.5 (a) (a) (a) (a) 40 - 120
GyroTrak 9.5in 8.25in 6.75in
(OnTrak) 3.125in
and larger (NaviTrak/
TeleTrak)
16.0 (OnTrak) 29.0 NMDC
(NaviTrak/TeleTrak)
Probe limits: (1 3/4) 115/51 N/A 125 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 300 - 1600 (OnTrak) 100-1600
(NaviTrak)
Gyro-Guide 9.5in 8.25in 6.75in
(OnTrak)
16.3 Drill Collar Specs Drill Collar Specs 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 300 - 1600 (OnTrak)
NaviTrak 1 3/4 OD probe; (1
3/4) 3 1/8 and larger
collars
(1 3/4) 22 Probe limits: (1 3/4) 115/51 NMDC Specs 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 75-1600
OnTrak (integrated directional,
gamma ray and formation
resistivity at mutiple depths
of investigation)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8
1/4, 9 1/2
OTK (4 3/4) 20.2, (6 3/4)
17.0, (8 1/4) 19.0, (9
1/2) 18.1
(4 3/4) 33/12, (6 3/4) 25/15, (8
1/4) TBD, (9 1/2) 10/7
NA Standard.
150,
Optional
175
Standard
20; (4-3/4,
6-3/4 &
8-1/4,
9-1/2)
Optional
25; (4-3/4,
6-3/4 &
8-1/4)
Optional 30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4) 200-
900, (8 1/4) 300-1295, (9 1/2)
300-1,600
AziTrak (integrated directional,
gamma ray and azimuthal
formation resistivity at mutiple
depths of investigation)
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 40.4, (6 3/4) 35.3 (4 3/4) 33/12, (6 3/4) 25/15,
(8 1/4) TBD, (9 1/2) 10/7
NA Standard.
150,
Optional
175
Standard
20; (4-3/4,
6-3/4)
Optional
25; (4-3/4,
6-3/4)
Optional 30
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4)
200-900
E-MTrak 4 3/4, 6 1/2 (4 3/4, 6 1/2) 39.6 Slick collar: (4 3/4) 21/7,
(6 1/2) 12.5/6.5
Flexible collar: (4 3/4) 58/32,
(6 1/2) 48/25
NMDC Specs 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) max 350, (6 1/2)
max 660
TruTrak
(Non-rotating Automated
Drilling Systemincluding MWD
and Optionalional Gamma)
4 3/4
6 3/4
8
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 28.3
6 3/4in = 31.0
8in = 36.1
9 1/2in = 36.1; Excluding
MWD
4 3/4in = 5
6 3/4in = 3
8in = 2
9 1/2in = 2
N/A 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-317
6 3/4in = 264-660
8in = 395-900
9 1/2in = 528-1162
TeleTrak (highly LCMtolerant
system)
4 3/4,
6 1/2, 6 3/4
(4 3/4) 44.5
(6 1/2, 6 3/4) 39.83
Probe limits: (1 3/4) 115/51 NMDC Specs 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 120- 350
(6 1/2, 6 3/4) 240-750
SDL
(Steerable Drilling Liner
including Rotary Steerable
System, OnTrak MWD or
AziTrak Integrated MWD/LWD
and hard-wired, precontoured
4 3/4in BHA with
7in liner
6 3/4in with 9
5/8in liner
User defined 3, rotating only BHA-dependent 150 Standard
20;
Optional 25
&30
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4)
200-900
To download the full survey free of charge, please visit our website: www.offshore-mag.com
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______________________
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DrilTech LLC Brad Vincent - 248 Rousseau Road, Youngsville, LA 70592, (337) 837-1219, brad.vincent@driltech.net
Positive Pulse MWD Probe
Based
1 7/8 tool OD, 4 3/4 -
8 collars
18-25 60/30 As applicable to standard NMDC 150 -
175
20 (137
mpa)
50 (NMDC
dependent)
100 (NMDC dependent) 150 (NMDC dependent) N/A (3 1/2) 50-130, (4 3/4)
130-275, (6 3/4) 235-600,
(8) 400-800
GE Oil &Gas Chau Nguyen - 4424 W. SamHouston Parkway N. 10th Floor, Houston, TX 77041, (713) 458 3629, chau.nguyen@ge.com
Pilot 3 1/2, 4 3/4, 6 1/2,
8, 9 1/2
Shortest probe length 17.8 (4 3/4) 30/15
(6 3/4)
21/10
(8)
14/8
(9 1/2)
7/4
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.81, (6 3/4) 6.71x2.81, (8)
7.93x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.42x2.81
150 20 (4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 8 (4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 47 (4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 153 (9 1/2) 450 130-1060
Tensor 3 1/2, 4 3/4, 6 1/2,
8, 9 1/2
Shortest probe length 25.2 (3 1/2) 100/50
(4 3/4) 30/15
(6 3/4)
21/10
(8)
14/8
(9 1/2)
7/4
(3 1/2) 2.96x2.25, (4 3/4) 4.75x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.71x4.00, (8) 7.93x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.42x4.00
175 20 (4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 6 (4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 39 (4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 127 (9 1/2) 373 75-1200
Halliburton/Sperry Drilling Billy Hendricks - P.O. Box 60070, Houston, Texas 77205, (281) 871-5396, billy.hendricks@halliburton.com
Electromagnetic Telemetry
System
3 1/2, 4 3/4, 6 1/2 (3 1/2) 33.9, (4 3/4) 33.5, (6
1/2) 35.6 (t)
35/14 (3 1/2 flex) 2.9x1.5, (4 3/4 flex) 4.06x2.25, (6
1/2 flex) 4.63x2.81
150 15 (3 1/2) 171, (4 3/4) 139,
(6 1/2) 40
(4 3/4) 400, (6 1/2) 150 N/A N/A
Negative Pulse Telemetry
System
6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 9.2 (6 3/4) 21/10, (8, 9 1/2) 14/8 (6 3/4) 6.54x2.81, (8) 7.76x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.35x3 150 18 std., 25
opt.
(6 3/4, 8) 17, (9 1/2) 4 (6 3/4, 8) 31, (9 1/2) 7 (6 3/4, 8) 182, (9 1/2) 36 (x)
Positive Pulse Telemetry
System
3 3/8, 3 1/2, 4 3/4,
6 1/2, 6 3/4, 7 1/4,
8, 9 1/2
(3 3/8, 3 1/2) 21, (4 3/4 - 9
1/2) 26
(3 3/8 - 4 3/4) 30/14, (6 1/2 - 7
1/4) 21/10, (7 3/4 - 9 1/2) 14/8
(3 3/8) 3.21x1.5, (3 1/2) 3.35x1.5, (4 3/4)
4.66x2.25, (6 1/2 - 9 1/2) Equivalent to a
standard NMDC
150 std.
175
opt.
20, 22.5,
25, 30
(3 3/8, 3 1/2) 120
at 150 gal/min
(4 3/4) 140 170 380 (3 3/8, 3 1/2) 90-200, (4
3/4) 150-350, (6 1/2 -9 1/2)
225-650, (7 1/4 - 9 1/2)
400-1,500
MWD Gyro 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 25.8 (6 3/4) 21/10, (8) 14/8, (9
1/2) 14/8
Equivalent to standard NMDC 150 20 (6 3/4, 8) 17, (9 1/2) 4 (6 3/4, 8) 31, (9 1/2) 7 (6 3/4, 8) 182, (9 1/2) 36 225-1500
MWD Services LLC. Clyde Cormier - P O Box 750, or 219 Griffin Rd, Youngsville, LA 70592, (337) 856-5965, ccormier@mwdsi.com
MWD Shuttle 1 7/8 tool OD, 3
1/8 - 9 1/2
22.7 w/single battery, 29.1 w/
dual battery
60/30 As applicable to standard NMDC 150 20 40 80 150 75-1,000
Navigate Energy Services Steve Krase - 15700 International Plaza Drive, Suite 150, Houston, TX 77032, 832-300-0030, stevekrase@navigateenergy.com
Drift 6 1/2, 8, &9 1/2 8 ft API conn limited TBD 150 20 N/A 60 125 N/A 250-1300
Directional 4 3/4, 6 1/2, 8
available Q4 09
(4 3/4) 10, ( 6 1/2 &8) 10 (4 3/4) 32/16, (6 3/4) TBD,
(8) TBD
As applicable to standard NMDC 150 20 N/A 60 125 N/A 225-1000
PathFinder, a Schlumberger company Allan Rennie - 23500 Colonial Pkwy, Katy, TX 77493, (281) 769-4501, arennie@slb.com
HDS-1L Directional Survey 4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF, 9 1/2
30 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/8) 24/11.5,
(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF) 18/9, (8 HF)
18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/8) 6.47x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.74x2.81, (8 LF) 7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.98x2.81,
(9 1/2) 9.5x3
150 20 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/8)
40, (6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/8) 50,
(6 3/4, 8 LF) 45, ( 8 HF,
9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) N/A, (6
3/4) 50, (8 LF) 50, (8
HF) 45, (9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF) N/A, (8 HF) 200, (9
1/2) 200
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) 125-375, (6
3/4) 250-750, (8 LF) 250-950,
(8 HF) 375-1,125 (9 1/2)
500-1,500
HDS-1MDirectional 6 3/4, 8 LF, 8 HF, 9 1/2 26.6 (6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF) 18/10, (8 HF)
18/10, (9 1/2) 12/6
(6 3/4) 6.43x2.81, (8 LF) 7.85x2.81, (8 HF)
7.60x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.36x3.00
150 20 (6 3/4, 8 LF, 8 HF,
9 1/2) N/A
(6 3/4) 50, (8 LF, 8 HF,
9 1/2) N/A
(6 3/4) 90, (8 LF) 90, (8
HF, 9 1/2) 40
(6 3/4, 8 LF, 8 HF), N/A (9
1/2) 200
(6 3/4) 315-750, (8 LF) 315-
950, (8 HF) 375-1125, (9 1/2)
500-1500
HDS-1R Directional 3 1/8 - 9 1/2 30 60/30 Dependant on drill collar As applicable to standard NMDC 150 20 250 250 250 250 (2 1/4) 60-180, (2 1/2) 140-
280, (2 11/16) 180-350, (2
13/16) 250-550, (3 1/4) 300-
1,000 (3 1/2) 600-1,500
HDS-1S Directional 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF
16 (4 3/4) 31/17,(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF)
18/9, (8 HF) 18/9
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.74x2.81, (8 LF)
7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.98x2.81
150 20 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/4,
8 LF, 8 HF) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/4, 8 LF)
45, (8 HF) N/A
(4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4) 50,
(8 LF) 50, (8 HF) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 LF) N/A,
(8 HF) 200
(4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8 LF) 250-950, (8 HF)
375-1,125
Survivor HDS-1 Directional 4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF, 9 1/2
30 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/8) 24/11.5,
(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF) 18/9, (8 HF)
18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/8) 6.47x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.74x2.81, (8 LF) 7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.95x2.81,
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.0
175 25 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/8)
40, (6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/8) 50,
(6 3/4, 8 LF) 45,( 8 HF,
9 1/2) NA
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) N/A, (6
3/4) 50, (8 LF) 50, (8
HF) 45, (9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF) N/A, (8 HF) 200, (9
1/2) 200
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) 125-375, (6
3/4) 250-750, (8 LF) 250-950,
(8 HF) 375-1,125 (9 1/2)
500-1,500
Survivor HDS-1R Directional 3 1/8 - 9 1/2 30 60/30 Dependant on drill collar As applicable to standard NMDC 175 25 250 250 250 250 (2 1/4) 60-180, (2 1/2) 80-280,
(2 11/16) 100-350, (2 13/16)
150-550, (3 1/4) 300-1,000 (3
1/2) 600-1,500
Survivor HDS-1S Directional 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF
16 (4 3/4) 31/17,(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF)
18/9, (8 HF) 18/9
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.74x2.81, (8 LF)
7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.98x2.81
175 25 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/4,
8 LF, 8 HF) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/4, 8 LF)
45, (8 HF) N/A
(4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4) 50,
(8 LF) 50, (8 HF) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 LF) N/A,
(8 HF) 200
(4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8 LF) 250-950, (8 HF)
375-1,125
Payzone Inclination Gamma 4 3/4, 6 3/4 7.13 upper, 2.7 lower (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 17/9 (4 3/4) 4.66x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.57x2.81 150 20 N/A (4 3/4) 70, (6 3/4) 20 (4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4) 35 N/A (4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4)
250-750
Imaging Payzone Inclination
Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 7.13 upper, 3.33 lower, 5.92
upper, 3.66 lower, 5.92
upper, 3.66 lower
(4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 16/10,
(8) 16/10
(4 3/4) 4.43x2.25, (6 3/4) 5.99x2.81, (8)
6.99x2.81
175 (4 3/4), (6
3/4) 25,
(8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 70, (6 3/4) 20 (4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4)
35, (8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8) 250-1125
Gyro HDS1 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2
30 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF)
18/9, (8 HF) 18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.74x2.81, (8 LF)
7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.98x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.39x3
150 20 (4 3/4) 40 (6
3/4, 8 LF, 8 HF, 9
1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/4, 8 LF)
45, (8 HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4, 8 LF)
50, (8 HF, 9 1/2) 50
(4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 LF) N/A, (8
HF, 9 1/2) 200
(4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
600, (8 LF) 250-950, (8 HF)
375-1,125 (9 1/2) 500-1,500
Gravity HDS1 4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF, 9 1/2
46 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/8) 24/11.5,
(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF) 18/9, (8 HF)
18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/8) 6.47x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.74x2.81, (8 LF) 7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.98x2.81,
(9 1/2) 9.5x3
150 20 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/8)
40, (6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/8) 50,
(6 3/4, 8 LF) 45, (8 HF,
9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) N/A, (6
3/4) 50, (8 LF) 50, (8
HF) 45, (9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF) N/A, (8 HF) 200, (9
1/2) 200
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) 125-375, (6
3/4) 250-750, (8 LF) 250-950,
(8 HF) 375-1,125 (9 1/2)
500-1,500
Survivor Gravity HDS1 4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF, 9 1/2
46 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/8) 24/11.5,
(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF) 18/9, (8 HF)
18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/8) 6.47x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.74x2.81, (8 LF) 7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.98x2.81,
(9 1/2) 9.5x3
175 25 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/8)
40, (6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/8) 50,
(6 3/4, 8 LF) 45,( 8 HF,
9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) N/A, (6
3/4) 50, (8 LF) 50, (8
HF) 45, (9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF) N/A, (8 HF) 200, (9
1/2) 200
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) 125-375, (6
3/4) 250-750, (8 LF) 250-950,
(8 HF) 375-1,125 (9 1/2)
500-1,500
SlimArray Wave Resistivity 4.75 20 30/15 4.72x2.25 150 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
Survivor SlimArray Wave
Resistivity
4.75 20 30/15 4.72x2.25 175 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
Array Wave Resistivity 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 20 (6 3/4) 16/10, (8, 9 1/2) 16/10 (6 3/4) 6.4x2.81, (8) 8.9x3, (9 1/2) 8.9x3 150 (6 3/4, 8, 9
1/2) 25
N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 75, (8) 75, (9
1/2) 75
(6 3/4) N/A, (8) N/A, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750,
(8) 250-1,125,
(9 1/2) 250-1,500
Survivor Array Wave Resistivity 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 20 (6 3/4) 16/10, (8, 9 1/2) 16/10 (6 3/4) 6.4x2.81, (8) 8.9x3, (9 1/2) 8.9x3 175 (6 3/4, 8, 9
1/2) 25
N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 75, (8) 75, (9
1/2) 75
(6 3/4) N/A, (8) N/A, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750,
(8) 250-1,125,
(9 1/2) 250-1,500
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Ryan Directional Services Randy Starnes - 19510 Oil Center Blvd., Houston, TX 77073, (281) 443-1414, randy.starnes@nabors.com
Ryan EM 4 3/4, 6.5, 6 3/4 34 (4 3/4) 75 / 20 (6 3/4) 28/11 (4 3/4) 4.75x2.81 (6 3/4) 6.71x3.25 175C 20K PSI
(137 mpa)
8 47 153 450 (4 3/4) 100-350
(6 3/4) 150-800
Ryan Mud Pulse 3 1/8, 4 3/4, 6.5,
6 3/4, 8, 9.5
20-30 (3 1/8) 100/ 50
(4 3/4) 40 / 15
(6 3/4) 28/11
(8) 15/9
(9.5) 8/ 5
(3 1/8) 2.96x2.25 (4 3/4) 4.75x2.81
(6 3/4) 6.71x3.25 (8) 7.93x4.00
(9.5) 9.42x4.00
175C 20K PSI
(137 mpa)
8 47 153 450 (3 1/8) 50-175
(4 3/4) 100-350
(6 3/4) 150-800
(8) 400-925
(9 1/2) 400-1200
Schlumberger Mike Williams - 281-285-8500
PowerDrive X5
Rotary Steerable Tool
4 3/4 , 6 3/4 , 8 1/4,
9 , 11
(4 3/4) 14.95, (6 3/4 ) 13.48,
(8 1/4 , 9 ) 14.6, (11 ) 15.1
Capability (/100 ft) : (4 3/4 , 6
3/4) 8, (8 1/4 ) 6, (9 ) 5, (11 ) 3
Pass Through (/100 ft): (4 3/4)
30/15, (6 3/4 , 8.25 , 9 ) 20/10,
(11 ) 15/8
150 20 std,
30 opt. (4
3/4, 6 3/4)
N/A 36
(600 - 750 psi required
across bit)
30
across bit)
46
across bit)
220-1,900
PowerDrive X6
4 3/4 , 6 3/4 , 8 1/4,
9 , 11
(4 3/4) 14.95, (6 3/4 ) 13.48,
(8 1/4 , 9 ) 14.6, (11 ) 15.1
Capability (/100 ft) : (4 3/4 , 6
3/4) 8, (8 1/4 ) 6, (9 ) 5, (11 ) 3
30/15, (6 3/4 , 8.25 , 9 ) 20/10,
(11 ) 15/8
150
std., 175
opt.
20 std,
30 opt. (4
3/4),
35 opt. (6
3/4, 8 1/4)
36
(600 - 750
psi required
across bit)
36
across bit)
30
across bit)
46
across bit)
100-2,000
PowerDrive Archer
6 3/4 (6 3/4 ) 16.64 Capability (/100 ft) : (6 3/4) 15
Pass Through (/100 ft): (6
3/4) , >15 Based on fatigue
management
150 20 N/A N/A 30
across bit)
N/A 250-650
Power Drive Xceed
6 3/4 , 9 (6 3/4 ) 25, (9) 28 Capability (/100 ft) : (6 3/4)
8, (9) 6.5
15/8, (9) 12/6.5
(6 3/4) 31, (9) 35.9 150 20 N/A N/A 60 N/A 290-1800
PowerV
Vertical drilling
4 3/4 , 6 3/4 , 8 1/4,
9 , 11
(4 3/4 ) 14.95, (6 3/4 ) 13.48,
(8 1/4 , 9 ) 14.6, (11 ) 15.1
Capability (/100 ft) : (4 3/4 , 6
3/4 , 8 1/4 ) 8, (9 ) 5, (11 ) 4
Pass Through (/100 ft): (4 3/4
) 30/15, (6 3/4 , 8.25 , 9 ) 20/10,
(11 ) 15/8
150
std., 175
opt.
20 std,
30 opt. (4
3/4),
35 opt. (6
3/4, 8 1/4)
N/A 36
across bit)
30
across bit)
46
across bit)
100-2,000
PowerDrive vorteX Xceed 6 3/4 , 9 (6 3/4) 55, (9) 58 Capability (/100 ft) : (6 3/4)
8, (9) 6.5
15/8, (9) 12/6.5
N/A 150 20 N/A 235 N/A N/A 290-1800
PowerDrive vorteX 4 3/4 , 6 3/4 , 8 1/4,
9 , 11
(4 3/4) 30, (6 3/4) 43, (8 1/4)
49.6. (9, 11) 50.6
Capability (/100 ft) : (4 3/4 , 6
3/4) 8, (8 1/4, 9) 6, (11) 3
30/15, (6 3/4 , 8 1/4, 9) 20/10,
(11) 15/8
N/A 150 std.,
175 opt.
(4 3/4.
6 3/4, 8
1/4)
20 std,
30 opt. (4
3/4),
35 opt. (6
3/4, 8 1/4)
N/A 235 250, 200 350 130 - 2,000
PowerPak ERT high
performance positive
displacement motors
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 5/8 17.3 (4 3/4), 16.3 (6 3/4),
30.2 (8), 30 (9 5/8)
As per motor specification for
bend setting
N/A 175 30 Dependent on
specific model
Dependent on specific
model
model
model
125-325 (4 3/4), 300-650 (6
3/4), 300-900 (8), 600-1200
(9 5/8)
PowerPak HR higher torque
positive displacement motors
4 3/4, 6 3/4,7, 8,
9 5/8, 11 1/4
Dependent on specific model As per motor specification for
bend setting
N/A 175 30 Dependent on
specific model
model
model
model
125-325 (4 3/4), 300-600
(6 3/4 and 7), 300-900 (8),
600-1200 (9 5/8), 800-1800
(11 1/4)
ImPulse 4.75 32 30/15 4.75x2.25x38.5 150
std., 175
opt.
20 std.,
27.5 opt.
N/A 125 (varies with
Modulator gap)
N/A N/A 130-400
ShortPulse 4 3/4 27.3 30/15 4.75x2.25x34.8
-OR-
4.59x2.25x30.3
150
std., 175
opt.
20 N/A 125 (varies with
Modulator gap)
N/A N/A 130-400
PowerPulse 6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9, 9 1/2 24.7 (6 3/4) 16/8
(8 1/4) 12/7
(9, 9 1/2) 10/6
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x31.5
(8 1/4) 8x2.81x26.2
(9 1/4) 9.25x3x28
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.5x26.2
150
std., 175
opt.
25 std., 30
opt.
N/A (6 3/4) 56
(8 1/4) 32 (varies with
modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 151
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 84 (varies
with modulator gap)
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 595 (varies
with modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 250-800
(8 1/4) 300-1,200
(8 1/4) opt. 800-1,400
(9 1/2) 400-2,000
(9 1/2) opt. 400-1,600
TeleScope 6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9, 9 1/2 24.7 (6 3/4) 16/8
(8 1/4) 12/7
(9, 9 1/2) 10/6
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x31.5
(8 1/4) 8x2.81x26.2
(9 1/4) 9.25x3x28
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.5x26.2
150
std., 175
opt.
25 std., 30
opt.
N/A (6 3/4) 56
modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 151
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 84 (varies
with modulator gap)
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 595 (varies
with modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 250-800
(8 1/4) 300-1,200
(8 1/4) opt. 800-1,400
(9 1/2) 400-2,000
(9 1/2) opt. 400-1,600
SlimPulse 1 3/4 tool OD
3 1/8 to 9 1/2 collars
Collar based probe
normally 30
(4 3/4 and smaller) 145/40
(6 3/4) 28/10
(8 1/4) 20/8
(9 1/2) 19/7
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.81x33
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x32
150
std., 175
opt.
22 (4 3/4) 68
(6 3/4) 16
(6 3/4) 100
(8 1/4) 18
(6 3/4) 324
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 58
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 411 Multiple configurations:
35-1,200
GyroPulse 6 3/4,8 1/4, 9, 9 1/2 (6 3/4) 16/8
(8 1/4) 12/7
(9, 9 1/2) 10/6
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x31.5
(8 1/4) 8x2.81x26.2
(9 1/4) 9.25x3x28
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.5x26.2
(8 1/4) 8.25x3.5x26.2 (9) 9x3.5x28 (9 1/2)
9.5x3.5x26.2
150 25 N/A N/A 4 26 (6 3/4) 250-800
(8 1/4) 300-1,200
(8 1/4) opt. 800-1,400
(9 1/2) 400-2,000
(9 1/2) opt. 400-1,600
Sharewell Energy Services Heather Heacock - 12200 W. Little York Rd., Houston, TX 77041, hheacock@sharewell.com
Directional Electro-Trac
EMMWD
4 3/4
6 1/2
6 3/4
7 3/4
25.5 (adjusted to Monel
length)
collar limited Collar-defined 150 20 25 100 100 100 50-1200
Weatherford Jeff Whitney - 16178 West Hardy Rd., Houston, TX 77060, Jeffrey.Whitney@weatherford.com
Revolution Rotary Steerable 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9.5 (4-3/4) 12, (6-3/4) 14,
(8 1/4) 17
(4 3/4) 10, (6 3/4), 8, (8 1/4) 7 150 20 std.
25 opt.
20 35 55 N/A (4 3/4) 350; (6 3/4) 750; (8
1/4) 1,500
High Temperature Rotary
Steerable (Revolution HT)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9.5 (4-3/4) 12, (6-3/4) 14,
(8 1/4) 17
(4 3/4) 10, (6 3/4), 8, (8 1/4) 7 165 std.
180
opt.
25 20 35 55 N/A (4 3/4) 350; (6 3/4) 750; (8
1/4) 1,500
Motary
Steerable
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 7
7/8, 8 1/4
65.0 (4 3/4) 25/16, (6 1/4) 20/14, (6
3/4) 18/13, (8) 15/10
150 std.
180
opt.
20 std.
25 opt.
(4 3/4) 150-300; (6 3/4, 7 7/8,
8) 200-600; (8 1/4) 300 -900
EMpulse (Electromagnetic) All sizes (3 1/16) 28.4, (4 3/4) 33.1,
(6 3/4) 34.8, (8) 35.4, (9
1/2) 36.4
(3 1/6) 116/38, (4 3/4) 25/16,
(6 1/4) 20/14, (6 3/4) 18/13, (8)
15/10, (9 1/2) 14/7.5
(3 1/16) 3.06x2.16, (3 3/8) 3.38x2.16, (4 3/4)
4.53x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.59x2.81, (8) 7.78x2.81,
(9 1/2) 9.69x3
150 15 (3 1/16, 3 3/8, 3 1/2)
100; (4 3/4) 8; (6 1/4) 9
(4 3/4) 20; (6 1/4) 25, (6
3/4, 8) 7; (9.5) 4
(6 3/4, 8) 20; (9.5) 13 (3 1/16, 3 3/8, 3 1/2) 160; (4
3/4, 6 1/4) 350; (6 3/4) 800
HEL (Hostile Environment
Logging)
4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8, 8-1/4,
9-1/2
(4-3/4) 19.5, (6-3/4) 19.7,
(8-1/4) 20.0, (9-1/2) 20.0
(4-3/4) 30/15, (6-3/4), 16/8, (8,
8-1/4) 14/7, (9-1/2) 12/6
(4 3/4) 4.75x3.22, (6 3/4) 6.75x4.20, (8 1/4)
8.25x5.17, (9 1/2) 9.50x5.16
150 std.
180
opt.
(4.75, 6.75,
8) 20 std.,
30 opt.
(8.25, 9.5)
20 std., 25
opt.
(4 3/4) 12, (6
3/4, 8) 2, (8 1/4,
9-1/2) 1
(4 3/4) 64, (6 3/4, 8) 9,
(8 1/4, 9-1/2) 2
(4 3/4) 193, (6 3/4, 8)
26, (8 1/4, 9 1/2) 2
(6 3/4, 8) 170, (8-1/4,
9-1/2) 33
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-700; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,600
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HyperPulse All sizes 31 (3 1/6) 116/38, (4 3/4) 25/16,
(6 1/4) 20/14, (6 3/4) 18/13, (8)
15/10, (9 1/2) 14/7.5
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.69, (6 1/4) 6.25x3.25, (6 3/4)
6.75x3.25
150 15 100 140 200 70-1,000
TrendLine 6-3/4, 8-1/4, 9-1/2 Dependent on drill collar
length - 26 minimum
(6-3/4) 8/16, (8-1/4) 7/14,
(9-1/2) 6/12
150 20 (4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-700; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,600
Drill String Dynamics
Ryan Directional Services
Ryan Dynamic Module 3 1/8, 4 3/4, 6.5,
6 3/4, 8, 9.5
16.4 (3 1/8) 100/ 50
(4 3/4) 40 / 15
(6 3/4) 28/11
(8) 15/9
(9.5) 8/ 5
(3 1/8) 2.96x2.25, (4 3/4) 4.75x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.71x3.25, (8) 7.93x4.00, (9.5) 9.42x4.00
175C 20K PSI
(137 mpa)
8 47 153 450 (3 1/8) 50-175, (4 3/4) 100-
350, (6 3/4) 150-800, (8)
400-925, (9 1/2) 400-1200
Drilling Mechanics
APS Technology (Rental Division)
APS SureShot with Gamma +
VMM+ PWD
3 1/8, 3 1/2, 4 3/4,
6 1/4,
6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2+
175
20 and 25 (3 1/2) 29,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 6,
(8) 3,
(9 1/2) 2
(3 1/2) 165,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 40,
(8) 20,
(9 1/2) 10
(6 1/2 - 6 3/4) 114,
(8) 61,
(9 1/2) 32
(9 1/2) 225 (3 1/8, 3 1/2) 70 - 250
(4 3/4) 150 - 350
(6 1/4, 6 3/4) 150- 750
(8) 300 - 1,100
(9 1/2+) 650 - 1,200
APS SureShot Gamma + VMM
+ PWD + WPR Propagation
Resistivity
175
dependent
dependent
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
Drilling Dynamics Monitor
(DDM)
6 3/4, 8 6 14,10 (6 3/4)
10, 8 (8)
150 20
Vibration Memory Sub (VMS) 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 5.5 150 20
Magnetorheological Active
Vibration Damper (AVD)
6.75 32 10 150 20
Baker Hughes
Acoustic Caliper 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4 As per LithoTrak service As per LithoTrak service As per LithoTrak service As per
LithoTrak
service
As per
LithoTrak
service
(a) (a) (a) (a) As per LithoTrak service
Vibration Stick Slip (AutoTrak
eXpress and AutoTrak-V
systems)
4 3/4
6 3/4
9 1/2
As per directional tool
specification
specification
As per directional tool specification As per
direc-
tional
tool
specifi-
cation
As per
directional
tool
specification
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900
9 1/2in = 300-1600
Annular Pressure plus Vibration
Stick Slip (AutoTrak G3,
AutoTrak X-treme, AziTrak and
OnTrak systems)
4 3/4in - 9 1/2in, as
per directional tool
specification
specification
specification
direc-
tional
tool
specifi-
cation
As per
directional
tool
specification
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900 8 1/4in
= 300-1290 9 1/2in =
300-1,600
Annular Pressure plus Vibration
Stick Slip (E-MTrak, NaviTrak
and TeleTrak systems)
3 1/8in - 6 3/4in, as
per directional tool
specifications
specification
specification
direc-
tional
tool
specifi-
cation
As per
directional
tool
specification
(a) (a) (a) (a) As per directional tool
specification
CoPilot (Drilling
Optionalimisation and
Downhole Analysis)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8
1/4, 9 1/2
(4 3/4) 8.9, (6 3/4) 7,
(8 1/4) 8.1, (9 1/2) 7.5
specification
N/A 150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 100-350, (6 3/4) 200-
800, (8 1/4) 300-1,600
Drilling Performance Sub
(CoilTrak systemand Advanced
SLIMMWD system)
2 3/8 ; 3 (CoilTrak
only), 3 1/8
49.5, typical BHA including
motor
(2 3/8) 50, (3) 45 - sliding only N/A 150 14.5 (a) (a) (a) (a) 2 3/8in max 80, 3in max 211
Halliburton/Sperry Drilling
AcoustiCaliper 6 3/4, 8 (6 3/4) 6, (8) 7.7 (6 3/4) 21/10, (8) 14/8 (6 3/4) 6.45x2.81, (8) 7.81x2.81 150 18 (6 3/4) 3, (8) 4 (6 3/4) 10, (8) 12 (6 3/4) 57, (8) 73
Drillstring Dynamics 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 Part of some dual gamma ray
tools, see below
150
Pressure While Drilling 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 10.8, (6 3/4, 8) 4.51,
(9 1/2) 4.45
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 1/2) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.66x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.54x2.81, (8)
7.76x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.35x3
175 18 - 25 (4 3/4) 70, (6 3/4, 8) 2,
(9 1/2) 1
(4 3/4) 190, (6 3/4, 8) 7,
(9 1/2) 2
(6 3/4, 8) 42, (9 1/2) 14
Vibration Severity 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 Part of pressure-while-drilling
tool (see above) as well as
some other tools
175
Annular Mud Temperature 8 25.3 (part of EWR-M5 tool) 14/8 7.65 x 2.81 150 25 N/A 5 13 75
Drilling Downhole Optimization
Collar (DrillDOC)
6 3/4, 8 7.36 (6 3/4) 21/10, (8) 14/8 (6 3/4) 6.63x2.81, (8) TBD 175 25 (6 3/4) 4, (8) 2 (6 3/4) 11, (8) 4 (6 3/4) 59, (8) 22
PathFinder, a Schlumberger company
Drilling Formation Tester 6.75 37 16/7 6.37x2.81 150 20 N/A N/A 70 N/A 275-750
Dynamic Pressure Module 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 4.7 (4 3/4) 30/16.6, (6 3/4) 17.5/9,
(8) 19/11, (9 1/2) 13/7
(4 3/4) 4.5x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.44x2.81, (8)
7.18x2.81, (9 1/2) 8.82x2.81
150 20 (4 3/4) 22 at 150
gal/min
(4 3/4) 58, (6 3/4) 26, (8,
9 1/2) N/A at 400
(4 3/4) N/A (6 3/4)
49, (8) 39, (9 1/2)
39 at 750
(4 3/4) N/A (6 3/4) 65, (8)
52, (9 1/2) 52 at 1000
(4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8) 400-1,500, (9 1/2)
500-1,500
Survivor Dynamic Pressure
Module
4 3/4, 6 3/4 8.5 (4 3/4) 30/17, (6 3/4) 18/9 (4 3/4) 4.5x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.44x2.81 175 25 (4 3/4) 22 at 150
gal/min
(4 3/4) 58, (6 3/4) 26 (4 3/4) N/A (6 3/4) 49, N/A (4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4)
250-750
250-750
Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 7.13 upper, 3.33 lower, 5.92
upper, 3.66 lower
(4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 16/10,
(8) 16/10
(4 3/4) 4.43x2.25, (6 3/4) 5.99x2.81, (8)
6.99x2.81
175 (4 3/4), (6
3/4) 25,
(8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 70, (6 3/4) 20 (4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4)
35, (8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8) 250-1125
Schlumberger
ImPulse
*Downhole shocks
*Downhole flow/washout
*APWD (with VisionPWD sub)
4.75 32 30/15 4.75x2.25x38.5 150
std., 175
opt.
20 std.,
27.5 opt.
20 125 (varies with
Modulator gap)
N/A N/A 130-400
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ShortPulse
*Downhole shocks
*APWD (with VisionPWD sub)
4.75 27.3 30/15 4.75x2.25x34.8
-OR-
4.59x2.25x30.3
150
std., 175
opt.
20 20 125 (varies with
Modulator gap)
N/A N/A 130-400
VisionPWD *APWD *IPWD 4.75 13.6 30/15 4.75x2.25x38.5 150
std., 175
opt.
25 5 29 N/A N/A 0-400
PowerPulse
*APWD
*3 axis Vibrations (MVC)
*Downhole WOB
*Downhole TORQ
6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9, 9 1/2 24.7 (6 3/4) 16/8
(8 1/4) 12/7
(9, 9 1/2) 10/6
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x31.5
(8 1/4) 8x2.81x26.2
(9 1/4) 9.25x3x28
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.5x26.2
150
std., 175
opt.
25 std., 30
opt.
N/A (6 3/4) 56
modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 151
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 84 (varies
with modulator gap)
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 595 (varies
with modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 250-800
(8 1/4) 300-1,200
(8 1/4) opt. 800-1,400
(9 1/2) 400-2,000
(9 1/2) opt. 400-1,600
TeleScope
*APWD
*3 axis vibrations (MVC)
*Downhole WOB
*Downhole TORQ
6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9, 9 1/2 24.7 (6 3/4) 16/8
(8 1/4) 12/7
(9, 9 1/2) 10/6
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x31.5
(8 1/4) 8x2.81x26.2
(9 1/4) 9.25x3x28
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.5x26.2
150
std., 175
opt.
25 std., 30
opt.
N/A (6 3/4) 56
modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 151
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 84 (varies
with modulator gap)
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 595 (varies
with modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 250-800
(8 1/4) 300-1,200
(8 1/4) opt. 800-1,400
(9 1/2) 400-2,000
(9 1/2) opt. 400-1,600
SlimPulse
*Shocks
*Stick Slip
1 3/4 tool OD
Collar based probe
normally 30
(4 3/4 and smaller) 145/40
(6 3/4) 28/10
(8 1/4) 20/8
(9 1/2) 19/7
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.81x33
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x32
150
std., 175
opt.
22 (4 3/4) 68, (6
3/4) 16
(6 3/4) 100, (8 3/4) 18 (6 3/4) 324, (8 3/4,
9 3/4) 58
35-1200
EcoScope
*APWD dynamic and static
*Multi-axis shock &vibration
(MVC)
*Ultrasonic caliper (UCAL)
*Density caliper (DCAL)
6 3/4 with 7 7/8, 8
3/8, or 9 3/8 Stabilizer
Options
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
NeoScope
*APWD dynamic and static
*Multi-axis shock &vibration
(MVC)
*Ultrasonic caliper (UCAL)
6 3/4 with 8 3/8
stabilizer
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
proVISION (Magnetic
Resonance while Drilling)
*3 axis motion detection
*Shocks
*Stick Slip
6 3/4 with Slick, 8
Options
37.3 16/8 6.5x2.81x36.5 150 18 4 25 81 N/A 300-800
Weatherford
BAP (Borehole/Annular
Pressure)
4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8, 8-1/4,
9-1/2
Added to HEL length - (4-3/4)
2.71, (6-3/4) 2.67, (8-1/4,
9-1/2) 2.67
(4-3/4) 30/15, (6-3/4), 16/8, (8,
8-1/4) 14/7, (9-1/2) 12/6
(4-3/4) 4.75x3.22, (6-3/4) 6.75x4.24, (8-1/4)
8x4.28, (9-1/2) 9.5x5.16
150 std.
180
opt.
(4.75, 6.75,
8) 20 std.,
30 opt.
(8.25, 9.5)
20 std., 25
opt.
(4 3/4) 12, (6
3/4, 8) 2, (8 1/4,
9-1/2) 1
(4 3/4) 64, (6 3/4, 8) 9,
(8 1/4, 9-1/2) 2
(4 3/4) 193, (6 3/4, 8)
26, (8 1/4, 9 1/2) 2
(6 3/4, 8) 170, (8-1/4,
9-1/2) 33
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-700; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,600
TVM(True Vibration Monitor) 4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8, 8-1/4,
9-1/2
No additional Length N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards 150 std.
180
opt.
N/A,
Electronic
Boards
N/A, Electronic
Boards
N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards
ESM(Environmental Severity
Measurement)
4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8, 8-1/4,
9-1/2
No additional Length N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards 150 std.
180
opt.
N/A,
Electronic
Boards
N/A, Electronic
Boards
N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards N/A, Electronic Boards
RAT (Rapid Annular
Temperature)
4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8, 8-1/4,
9-1/2
No additional Length N/A, External Sensor N/A, External Sensor 150 std.
180
opt.
(4-3/4,
6-3/4,
8-1/4,
9-1/2) 20
std., 30
opt.
(8.25, 9.5)
20 std., 25
opt.
N/A, External
Sensor
N/A, External Sensor N/A, External Sensor N/A, External Sensor N/A, External Sensor
Gamma Ray
APS SureShot 3 1/8, 3 1/2, 4 3/4,
6 1/4,
6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2+
175
20 and 25 (3 1/2) 27,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 6,
(8) 3,
(9 1/2) 2
(3 1/2) 150,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 35,
(8) 20,
(9 1/2) 10
(6 1/2 - 6 3/4) 114,
(8) 61,
(9 1/2) 32
(9 1/2) 220 (3 1/8, 3 1/2) 70 - 250
(4 3/4) 150 - 350
(6 1/4, 6 3/4) 150- 750
(8) 300 - 1,100
(9 1/2+) 650 - 1,200
APS SureShot with Gamma 3 1/8, 3 1/2, 4 3/4,
6 1/4,
6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2+
175
20 and 25 (3 1/2) 29,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 6,
(8) 3,
(9 1/2) 2
(3 1/2) 165,
(4 3/4 - 6 3/4) 40,
(8) 20,
(9 1/2) 10
(6 1/2 - 6 3/4) 114,
(8) 61,
(9 1/2) 32
(9 1/2) 225 (3 1/8, 3 1/2) 70 - 250
(4 3/4) 150 - 350
(6 1/4, 6 3/4) 150- 750
(8) 300 - 1,100
(9 1/2+) 650 - 1,200
APS SureShot Gamma + WPR
Propagation Resistivity
175
dependent
dependent
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
APS SureShot Gamma +
PWD + WPR Propagation
Resistivity
175
dependent
dependent
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
Baker Hughes
AutoTrak Curve
(High-build rate Rotary
MWD)
6 3/4 6 3/4in = 37.8 6 3/4in = 30/15 BHA-dependent Standard
150
Standard
20
(a) (a) (a) (a) 6 3/4in = 300-750
AutoTrak G3 and AutoTrak
X-treme
AziTrak Integrated MWD/LWD,
+/- hard-wired precontoured
4 3/4
6 3/4
8 1/4 (ATK G3 only)
9 1/2
ATK G3 4 3/4in = 50.8
6 3/4in = 49.9
8 1/4in = 56.9
9 1/2in = 58.1 ATK X-treme 4
3/4in = 72.6
6 3/4in = 70
9 1/2in = 82
ATK G3 4 3/4in = 30/10
6 3/4in = 20/13
8 1/4in = 9/6.5
9 1/2in = 13/6.5 ATK X-treme 4
3/4in = 25/10
6 3/4in = 16/7
9 1/2in = 8/3.8
150;
Optional.
175 for
6.3/4in,
8.1/4in,
9.1/2in
Standard. 20
Optionalional
25 &30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900 8 1/4in
= 300-1290 9 1/2in =
300-1,600
AutoTrak eXpress (Rotary
Steerable Systemincluding
MWD, can be run with hard-
wired modular X-treme motor)
4 3/4
6 3/4
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 56.8
6 3/4in = 58.2 Version 6 3/4in
High Dog Leg = 70
9 1/2in = 64.6
4 3/4in = 30/10
6 3/4in = 23/8 Version 6 3/4in
High Dog Leg = 23/12
9 1/2in = 13/6.5
BHA-dependent 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900
9 1/2in = 300-1600
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AutoTrak V
(Rotary Steerable Systemthat
does not require MWD)
4 3/4
6 3/4
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 23.1
6 3/4in = 19.7
9 1/2in = 22.3
4 3/4in = 30/10
6 3/4in = 23/8
9 1/2in = 13/6.5
150;
Optional.
175 for
6.3/4in,
9.1/2in
Standard. 20
Optionalional
25 &30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900
9 1/2in = 300-1600
DGS (CoilTrak systemand
Advanced SLIMMWD system)
2 3/8 (CoilTrak
only), 3 1/8
49.5, typical BHA including
motor
(2 3/8) 50, (3) 45 - sliding only N/A 150 14.5 (a) (a) (a) (a) (2 3/8) max 80, (3) max 210
resistivity at mutiple depths of
investigation)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8
1/4, 9 1/2
(4 3/4) 20.2, (6 3/4) 17.0, (8
1/4) 19.0, (9 1/2) 18.1
(4 3/4) 33/12, (6 3/4) 25/15, (8
1/4) TBD, (9 1/2) 10/7
NA Standard.
150,
Optional.
175
Standard
20 (4-3/4,
6-3/4 &
8-1/4,
9-1/2)
Optional.
25, (4-3/4,
6-3/4 &
8-1/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4) 200-
900, (8 1/4) 300-1295, (9 1/2)
300-1,600
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 40.4, (6 3/4) 35.3 (4 3/4) 33/12, (6 3/4) 25/15 NA Standard.
150,
Optional.
175
Standard
20 (4-3/4,
6-3/4)
Optional.
25, (4-3/4,
6-3/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4)
200-900
E-MTrak 4 3/4, 6 1/2 (4 3/4, 6 1/2) 39.6 Slick collar: (4 3/4) 21/7, (6
1/2) 12.5/6.5
Flexible collar: (4 3/4) 8/32,
(6 1/2) 48/25
NA 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) max 350, (6 1/2)
max 660
NaviTrak 1 3/4 OD probe; 3 1/8
and larger collars
(1 3/4) 4 Probe limits: (1 3/4) 115/51 NA 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) (1 3/4) 75-1600
Near Bit Gamma 4 3/4, 9 1/2 4.77 (z) N/A 150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) 300-1,600, function of MWD
platform
TruTrak
(Non-rotating Automated
Drilling Systemincluding MWD
and Optionalional Gamma)
4 3/4
6 3/4
8
9 1/2
4 3/4in = 28.3
6 3/4in = 31.0
8in = 36.1
9 1/2in = 36.1 Length does
not consider MWD
4 3/4in = 5
6 3/4in = 3
8in = 2
9 1/2in = 2
N/A 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-317
6 3/4in = 264-660
8in = 395-900
9 1/2in = 528-1162
DrilTech LLC
Positive Pulse MWD and
Gamma Ray Probe Based
1 7/8 tool OD, 4 3/4 -
8 collars
23-28 60/30 As applicable to standard NMDC 150 -
175
20 (137
mpa)
50 (NMDC
dependent)
100 (NMDC dependent) 150 (NMDC dependent) N/A (3 1/2) 50-130, (4 3/4)
130-275, (6 3/4) 235-600,
(8) 400-800
GE Oil & Gas
Pilot Gamma 3 1/2, 4 3/4, 6 1/2,
8, 9 1/2
Shortest probe length with
MWD 20.84
As Per Pilot MWD As Per Pilot MWD 150 20 As Per Pilot MWD As Per Pilot MWD As Per Pilot MWD As Per Pilot MWD As Per Pilot MWD
Scinturion Gamma 3 1/2, 4 3/4, 6 1/2,
8, 9 1/2
Shortest probe length with
MWD 30.4
As per Tensor MWD As per Tensor MWD 175 20 As per Tensor
MWD
As per Tensor MWD As per Tensor MWD As per Tensor MWD As per Tensor MWD
Dual Gamma Ray (DGR) 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 7.5, (6 3/4, 8) 4.5,
(9 1/2) 4.4
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 1/2) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.66x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.54x2.81, (8)
7.76x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.35x2.81
150 18 std. 25
opt.
(4 3/4) 68, (6 3/4, 8) 2,
(9 1/2) 1
(4 3/4) 184, (6 3/4, 8)
7, (9 1/2) 3
(6 3/4, 8) 43, (9 1/2) 16
Gamma Ray Probe Depends on hang-off
collar OD
Depends on hang-off collar Depends on hang-off collar Depends on hang-off collar 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std. 30
opt.
Depends on hang-
off collar ID
Depends on hang-off
collar ID
Depends on hang-off
collar ID
(3 3/8, 3 1/2) 90-200, (4
3/4) 150-350, (6 1/2 - 9
1/2) 225-650, (7 1/4 - 9
1/2) 400-1,500
Azimuthal Gamma Ray (AGR) 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (6 3/4) 23.6, (8) 25.3, (9 1/2)
25.4 (part of EWR-M5 tool)
(6 3/4) 21/10, (8, 9 1/2) 14/8 (6 3/4) 6.60 x 2.81, (8) 7.65 x 2.81, (9 1/2)
9.23 x 3.00
150 25 N/A (6 3/4) 12, (8, 9 1/2) 5 (6 3/4) 35, (8, 9 1/2) 13 (6 3/4) 200, (8, 9 1/2) 75
Geo-Pilot Gamma Ray (ABG) 6 3/4, 9 5/8 (6 3/4) 20, (9 5/8) 22 (part
of GeoPilot RST)
(6 3/4) 21/10, (9 5/8) 14/8 Depends on rotary steerable tool mode 150
std., 175
opt.
20 std. 30
opt.
(6 3/4) 38, (9 5/8) 6 (6 3/4) 105(9 5/8) 17 (9 5/8) 96
Gamma Ray/At-Bit Inclination
(GABI)
4.75 Part of Mud Motor 30/14 Depends on mud motor 150 20 Depends on mud
motor
Depends on mud motor 100-265
MWD Services Inc.
MWD Shuttle Sub dia: 3 1/8 - 9 1/2,
tool dia: 1 7/8
29.1 w/single battery, 35.5 w/
dual battery
60/30 As applicable to standard NMDC 150 20 40 80 150 75-1,000
Navigate Energy Services
Directional Gamma 4 3/4, 6 1/2 &8
available QI 10
(4 3/4) 10, ( 6 1/2 &8) 10 (5 3/4) 32/16, (6 3/4) TBD,
(8) TBD
As applicable to standard NMDC 150 20 N/A 60 125 N/A 225-1000
HDS-1L
Directional Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF, 9 1/2
30 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/8) 24/11.5,
(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF) 18/9, (8 HF)
18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/8) 6.47x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.74x2.81, (8 LF) 7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.95x2.81,
(9 1/2) 9.5x3
150 20 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/8)
40, (6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/8) 50,
(6 3/4, 8 LF) 45,( 8 HF,
9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) N/A, (6
3/4) 50, (8 LF) 50, (8
HF) 45, (9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF) N/A, (8 HF) 200, (9
1/2) 200
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) 125-375, (6
3/4) 250-750, (8 LF) 250-950,
(8 HF) 375-1,125 (9 1/2)
500-1,500
HDS-1S
Directional Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2
16 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF)
18/9, (8 HF) 18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.74x2.81, (8 LF)
7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.95x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.5x3
150 20 (4 3/4) 40, (6
3/4, 8 LF, 8 HF, 9
1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/4, 8 LF)
45,( 8 HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4) 50,
(8 LF) 50, (8 HF) 45,
(9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 LF) N/A, (8
HF) 200, (9 1/2) 200
(4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8 LF) 250-950, (8 HF)
375-1,125 (9 1/2) 500-1,500
HDS-1R
Directional Gamma
3 1/8 - 9 1/2 30 60/30 Dependant on drill collar As applicable to standard NMDC 150 20 250 250 250 250 (2 1/4) 60-180, (2 1/2) 80-280,
(2 11/16) 100-350, (2 13/16)
150-550, (3 1/4) 300-1,000
Survivor HDS-1L Directional
Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF, 8 HF, 9 1/2
30 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/8) 24/11.5,
(6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF) 18/9, (8 HF)
18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/8) 6.47x2.81, (6 3/4)
6.74x2.81, (8 LF) 7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.95x2.81,
(9 1/2) 9.5x3
175 25 (4 3/4) 40, (6 3/8)
40, (6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/8) 50,
(6 3/4, 8 LF) 45,( 8 HF,
9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) N/A, (6
3/4) 50, (8 LF) 50, (8
HF) 45, (9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/8, 6 3/4, 8
LF) N/A, (8 HF) 200, (9
1/2) 200
(4 3/4, 6 3/8) 125-375, (6
3/4) 250-750, (8 LF) 250-950,
(8 HF) 375-1,125 (9 1/2)
500-1,500
Survivor HDS-1S Directional
Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 LF, 8
HF, 9 1/2
16 (4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 17/9, (8 LF)
18/9, (8 HF) 18/9, (9 1/2) 15/8
(4 3/4) 4.69x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.74x2.81, (8 LF)
7.98x2.81, (8 HF) 7.95x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.5x3
175 25 (4 3/4) 40, (6
3/4, 8 LF, 8 HF, 9
1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 50, (6 3/4, 8 LF)
45,( 8 HF, 9 1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4) 50,
(8 LF) 50, (8 HF) 45,
(9 1/2) 45
(4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 LF) N/A, (8
HF) 200, (9 1/2) 200
(4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8 LF) 250-950, (8 HF)
375-1,125 (9 1/2) 500-1,500
Survivor HDS-1R Directional
Gamma
3 1/8 - 9 1/2 30 60/30 Dependant on drill collar As applicable to standard NMDC 175 25 250 250 250 250 (2 1/4) 60-180, (2 1/2) 80-280,
(2 11/16) 100-350, (2 13/16)
150-550, (3 1/4) 300-1,000
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250-750
Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 7.13 upper, 3.33 lower, 5.92
upper, 3.66 lower
(4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 16/10,
(8) 16/10
(4 3/4) 4.43x2.25, (6 3/4) 5.99x2.81, (8)
6.99x2.81
175 (4 3/4), (6
3/4) 25,
(8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 70, (6 3/4) 20 (4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4)
35, (8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8) 250-1125
Compensated Wave Resistivity 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 25 (6 3/4) 14/5, (8) 12/4, (9 1/2) 8/2 (6 3/4) 5.94 x2.81, (8) 6.9x2.81, (9 1/2) 8.49x3 150 20 N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 80, (8) 80, (9
1/2) 80
(6 3/4) n/a, (8) n/a, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750, (8) 250-
1,125, (9 1/2) 250-1,250
Resistivity
4.75 20 30/15 4.72x2.25 175 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
1/2) 25
N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 75, (8) 75, (9
1/2) 75
(6 3/4) N/A, (8) N/A, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750,
(8) 250-1,125,
(9 1/2) 250-1,500
1/2) 25
N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 75, (8) 75, (9
1/2) 75
(6 3/4) N/A, (8) N/A, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750,
(8) 250-1,125,
(9 1/2) 250-1,500
Ryan Gamma Ray w/
Electromagnetic
4 3/4, 6.5, 6 3/4 34 (4 3/4) 75 / 20
(6 3/4) 28/11
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.81 (6 3/4) 6.71x3.25 175C 20K PSI
(137 mpa)
8 47 153 450 (4 3/4) 100-350
(6 3/4) 150-800
Ryan Gamma Ray w/
Mud Pulse
3 1/8, 4 3/4, 6.5,
6 3/4, 8, 9.5
20-30 (3 1/8) 100/ 50
(4 3/4) 40 / 15
(6 3/4) 28/11
(8) 15/9
(9.5) 8/ 5
(3 1/8) 2.96x2.25 (4 3/4) 4.75x2.81 (6 3/4)
6.71x3.25 (8) 7.93x4.00 (9.5) 9.42x4.00
175C 20K PSI
(137 mpa)
8 47 153 450 (3 1/8) 50-175
(4 3/4) 100-350
(6 3/4) 150-800
(8) 400-925
(9 1/2) 400-1200
Schlumberger
PowerDrive X5 4 3/4 , 6 3/4 , 8 1/4,
9 , 11
(4 3/4 ) 14.95, (6 3/4 ) 13.48,
(8 1/4 , 9 ) 14.6, (11 ) 15.1
Capability (/100 ft) : (4 3/4 , 6
3/4 , 8 1/4 ) 8, (9 ) 5, (11 ) 4
Pass Through (/100 ft) : (4 3/4)
30/15, (6 3/4 , 8.25 , 9 ) 20/10,
(11 ) 15/8
150 20 std,
30 opt. (4
3/4, 6 3/4)
N/A 36
across bit)
30
across bit)
46
across bit)
130-1,900
PowerDrive X6
4 3/4 , 6 3/4 , 8 1/4,
9 , 11
(4 3/4) 14.95, (6 3/4 ) 13.48,
(8 1/4 , 9 ) 14.6, (11 ) 15.1
Capability (/100 ft) : (4 3/4 , 6
3/4) 8, (8 1/4 ) 6, (9 ) 5, (11 ) 3
Pass Through (/100 ft): (4 3/4
) 30/15, (6 3/4 , 8.25 , 9 ) 20/10,
(11 ) 15/8
150
std., 175
opt.
20 36
(650 - 750
psi required
across bit)
36
across bit)
30
across bit)
46
across bit)
100-2,000
PowerDrive Archer
6 3/4 (6 3/4 ) 16.64 Capability (/100 ft) : (6 3/4) 15
Pass Through (/100 ft): (6
3/4) , >15 Based on fatigue
management
150 20 N/A N/A 30
across bit)
N/A 250-650
ShortPulse 4.75 27.3 30/15 4.75x2.25x34.8
-OR-
4.59x2.25x30.3
150
std., 175
opt.
20 20 515 - mediumflow
(varies with modulator
gap)
N/A N/A 130-360
ImPulse 4.75 32 30/15 4.75x2.25x38.5 150
std., 175
opt.
20 std.,
27.5 opt.
20 515 - mediumflow
(varies with modulator
gap)
N/A N/A 130-360 (20 kpsi tool)
130-310 (25 kpsi tool)
PowerPulse 6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9, 9 1/2 24.7 (6 3/4) 16/8
(8 1/4) 12/7
(9, 9 1/2) 10/6
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x31.5
(8 1/4) 8x2.81x26.2
(9 1/4) 9.25x3x28
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.5x26.2
150
std., 175
opt.
25 std., 30
opt.
N/A (6 3/4) 56
modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 151
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 84 (varies
with modulator gap)
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 595 (varies
with modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 250-800
(8 1/4) 300-1,200
(8 1/4) opt. 800-1,400
(9 1/2) 400-2,000
(9 1/2) opt. 400-1,600
TeleScope 6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9, 9 1/2 24.7 (6 3/4) 16/8
(8 1/4) 12/7
(9, 9 1/2) 10/6
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x31.5
(8 1/4) 8x2.81x26.2
(9 1/4) 9.25x3x28
(9 1/2) 9.5x3.5x26.2
150
std., 175
opt.
25 std., 30
opt.
N/A (6 3/4) 56
modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 151
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 84 (varies
with modulator gap)
(8 1/4, 9 1/2) 595 (varies
with modulator gap)
(6 3/4) 250-800
(8 1/4) 300-1,200
(8 1/4) opt. 800-1,400
(9 1/2) 400-2,000
(9 1/2) opt. 400-1,600
SlimPulse 1 3/4 tool OD
Collar based probe
normally 30
(4 3/4 and smaller) 145/40
(6 3/4) 28/10
(8 1/4) 20/8
(9 1/2) 19/7
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.81x33
(6 3/4) 6.75x2.81x32
150
std., 175
opt.
22 (4 3/4) 68, (6
3/4) 16
(6 3/4) 100, (8 3/4) 18 (6 3/4) 324, (8 3/4,
9 3/4) 58
35-1200
geoVISION675 6 3/4 10.12 16/8 6.5x2.81x10 150 18 0.9 5.5 18 N/A 0-800
geoVISION825 8 1/4 12.72 13/7 8x2.81x13.5 150 15 0.15 0.95 3 21.8 0-1,200
arcVISION312 3.125 23.5 100/30 3x1.75x33 150 20 112 N/A N/A N/A 0-160
arcVISION475 4.75 21 30/15 4.75x2.81x22 150 25 3 30 N/A N/A 0-400
arcVISION675 6 3/4 18 16/8 6.5x2.81x19 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std.,
25 and 30
opt.
1 9 20 N/A 0-800
arcVISION825 8 1/4 18 14/7 8.25x2.81x19.8 150 std.
175
opt.
25 std.,
30 opt.
0.12 1.5 2.5 17.8 0-1,950
arcVISION900 9 18 12/6 9x3x20.7 150 25 0.12 1.5 2.5 17.8 0-1,950
EcoScope 6 3/4 with 7 7/8, 8
Options
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
NeoScope 6 3/4 with 8 3/8
stabilizer
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
MicroScope 4 3/4 with
5 3/8 slick sleeve
18 30/15 4.75x2.25x18 150 20 9.8 61 198 N/A 0-500
PeriScope 4 3/4, 6 3/4 18.3 (6 3/4), 23.5 (4 3/4) (4 3/4) 30/15, (6 1/2) 16/8 4.75x2.25x27 (4 3/4), 6.5x2.81x19.3 (6 3/4) 150 25 (4 3/4) 10,
(6 3/4) 0.7
(4 3/4) 65,
(6 3/4) 4
(6 3/4) 14 N/A 0-400 (4 3/4), 0-800 (6 3/4)
Sharewell Energy Services
Gamma Ray Electro-Trac EM
MWD with Gamma
4 3/4
6 1/2
6 3/4
7 3/4
28.0 collar limited Collar-defined 150 20 25 100 100 100 50-1200
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Weatherford
EMpulse (Electromagnetic) All Sizes 31 (3 1/6) 116/38, (4 3/4) 25/16,
(6 1/4) 20/14, (6 3/4) 18/13, (8)
15/10, (9 1/2) 14/7.5
(4 3/4) 4.53 x 2.25, (6 1/4) 6.09 x 2.25),
(6 3/4) 6.59 x 2.81, (8) 7.78 x 2.81
150 15 (4 3/4) 50 (4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-800; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,800
HyperPulse All sizes 31 (3 1/6) 116/38, (4 3/4) 25/16,
(6 1/4) 20/14, (6 3/4) 18/13, (8)
15/10, (9 1/2) 14/7.5
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.69, (6 1/4) 6.25x3.25,
(6 3/4) 6.75x3.25
150 15
HAGR (High-temperature
Azimuthal GR)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 8
1/4, 9 1/2
(4 3/4) 12.5 (6 3/4, 8, 8 1/4,
9 1/2) 12.3
(4-3/4) 30/15, (6-3/4), 16/8, (8,
8-1/4) 14/7, (9-1/2) 12/6
(4 3/4) 4.75x3.22
(6 3/4) 6.75x4.24
(8, 8 1/4) 8x4.28
(9 1/2) 9.5x5.16
150 std.
180
opt.
(4.75, 6.75,
8, 8.25,
9.5) 20 std.
30 opt.,
(4 3/4) 12, (6
3/4, 8) 2, (8 1/4,
9-1/2) 1
(4 3/4) 64, (6 3/4, 8) 9,
(8 1/4, 9-1/2) 2
(4 3/4) 193, (6 3/4, 8)
26, (8 1/4, 9 1/2) 2
(6 3/4, 8) 170, (8-1/4,
9-1/2) 33
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-700; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,600
SAGR (Spectral Azimuthal GR) 4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4-3/4)13.08, (6 3/4) 12.83 (4 3/4) 30/15, (6 3/4) 16/8 (4-3/4) 4.75x3.125(6-3/4) 6.75x4.44 150
Std.
165
opt.
20 4-3/4: 19
6-3/4: 8
4-3/4: 19
6-3/4: 2
4-3/4: 19
6-3/4: 2
4-3/4: 19
6-3/4: 2
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4) 80-700;
At-Bit Measurement System 4 3/4, 6 3/4 NOM
TOOL SIZE (5.60 and
7.325 max)
(4 3/4) 2.83 ft., (6 3/4)
3.01 ft.
(4 3/4) 30/15
(6 3/4) 16/8
(4 3/4,
6 3/4)
150
(4 3/4) 10
(6 3/4) 10
estimates (4 3/4)
12, (6 3/4) 2
estimates (4 3/4) 64,
(6 3/4) 9
estimates (4 3/4)
exceeds flowrate, (6
3/4) 26
estimates (6 3/4) 170 (4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-800; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,800
Resistivity
WPR 3.5
3 1/2 59 (2 pcs.)* Collar-limited Collar-defined 150 and
175
dependent
dependent
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
WPR 4.75
175
dependent
dependent
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
WPR 6.75
175
dependent
dependent
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
WPR 8.0
8 59 (2 pcs.)* Collar-limited Collar-defined 150 and
175
dependent
dependent
max. (6 3/4) 700 max. (8)
1,200 max.
Baker Hughes
AutoTrak G3 and AutoTrak
X-treme
AziTrak Integrated MWD/LWD,
+/- hard-wired precontoured
4 3/4
6 3/4
8 1/4 (ATK G3 only)
9 1/2
ATK G3 4 3/4in = 50.8
6 3/4in = 49.9
8 1/4in = 56.9
9 1/2in = 58.1 ATK X-treme 4
3/4in = 72.6
6 3/4in = 70
9 1/2in = 82
ATK G3 4 3/4in = 30/10
6 3/4in = 20/13
8 1/4in = 9/6.5
9 1/2in = 13/6.5 ATK X-treme 4
3/4in = 25/10
6 3/4in = 16/7
9 1/2in = 8/3.8
150;
Optional.
175 for
6.3/4in,
8.1/4in,
9.1/2in
Standard.
20
Optional
25 &30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4in = 125-350
6 3/4in = 200-900 8 1/4in
= 300-1290 9 1/2in =
300-1,600
USMPR (CoilTrak system
and Advanced SLIMMWD
system)
2 3/8, 3 1/8 (2 3/8) 9.6, (3 1/8) 17 (z) N/A 150 20 (a) (a) (a) (a) Systemdependent
resistivity at mutiple depths of
investigation)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8
1/4, 9 1/2
(4 3/4) 20.2, (6 3/4) 17.0, (8
1/4) 19.0, (9 1/2) 18.1
(4 3/4) 33/12, (6 3/4) 25/15, (8
1/4) TBD, (9 1/2) 10/7
NA Standard.
150,
Optional.
175
Standard
20 (4-3/4,
6-3/4 &
8-1/4,
9-1/2)
Optional.
25, (4-3/4,
6-3/4 &
8-1/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4) 200-
900, (8 1/4) 300-1295, (9 1/2)
300-1,600
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4 (4 3/4) 40.4, (6 3/4) 35.3 (4 3/4) 33/12, (6 3/4) 25/15, (8
1/4) TBD, (9 1/2) 10/7
NA Standard.
150,
Optional.
175
Standard
20 (4-3/4,
6-3/4)
Optional.
25, (4-3/4,
6-3/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4)
200-900
StarTrak (high resolution
borehole imaging)
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 9.8, (6 3/4) 8.3 (z) (4 3/4) 5.25 x 3.13,
(6 3/4) 7.25 x 4.6
150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 125-350,
(6 3/4) 265-900, function of
MWD platform
ZoneTrak (at-bit boundary
detection system)
6 3/4, 9 1/2 (6 3/4) 6.3, (9 1/2) 5.7 (z) (6 3/4) 7.25 x 3.64, (9 1/2) 9.63 x 3.7 150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) (6 3/4) 200-900
(9 1/2) 300-1,600
function of MWD platform
GE Oil & Gas
Centerfire Propagation
Resistivity Tool
4 3/4, 6.91, 8 1/4 (4 3/4, 6.91)
14.5
(8 1/4) 15.17
(4 3/4) 25/12
(6.91)
17/8
(8 1/4)
14/7
(4 3/4) 5.0x2.81, (6 3/4) 6.58x2.81, (8 1/4)
8.25x2.81
175 20 As per Tensor
MWD
As per Tensor MWD As per Tensor MWD As per Tensor MWD (4 3/4)
100-350
(6.91)
300-750
(8 1/4)
450-1200
EWR-PHASE 4 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 12.5, (6 3/4) 12.1, (8,
9 1/2) 12.2
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 1/2) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.66x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.54x2.81, (8)
7.76x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.35x3
150 std.
175
opt.
18 or 25 (4 3/4) 90, (6 3/4, 8) 7,
(9 1/2) 2
(4 3/4) 250, (6 3/4, 8)
19, (9 1/2) 7
(6 3/4) 114, (8) 115,
(9 1/2) 40
EWR-PHASE 4D 9.5 12.2 14/8 9.35x3 150 18 2 7 40
SuperSlimEWR-PHASE 4 3.125 11.3 30/14 2.63x1.25 150 16 213 at 150 gal/min
SuperSlimEWR-PHASE 4 3.625 12.9 30/14 TBD 150 20 TBD
EWR-M5 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (6 3/4) 23.6, (8) 25.3, (9
1/2) 25.4
(6 3/4) 21/10, (8, 9 1/2) 14/8 (6.75) 6.60 x 2.81, (8) 7.65 x 2.81, (9 1/2)
9.23 x 3.00
150 25 N/A (6 3/4) 12, (8, 9 1/2) 5 (6 3/4) 35, (8, 9 1/2) 13 (6 3/4) 200, (8, 9 1/2) 75
Azimuthal Focused Resistivity
(AFR)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 (4 3/4) 10.0, (6 3/4) 10.8,
(8) 8.5
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10,
(8) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.74x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.56x2.81, (8) TBD 150 (4 3/4)
24.5, (6
3/4) 22, (8)
24.5
(4 3/4) 78, ( 6 3/4)
6, (8) 2
(4 3/4) 214, (6 3/4)
17, (8) 5
(6 3/4) 101, (8) 25
Azimuthal Deep Resistivity
(ADR)
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 25.5, (6 3/4) 24.3 (4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10 (4 3/4) 4.76x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.71x2.81 150 25 (4 3/4) 152, (6 3/4) 14 (4 3/4) 419, (6 3/4) 38 (6 3/4) 229
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Compensated Wave Resistivity 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 25 (6 3/4) 14/5, (8) 12/4, (9 1/2) 8/2 (6 3/4) 5.94 x2.81, (8) 6.9x2.81, (9 1/2) 8.49x3 150 20 N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 80, (8) 80, (9
1/2) 80
(6 3/4) n/a, (8) n/a, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750, (8) 250-
1,125, (9 1/2) 250-1,250
SlimCompensated Wave
Resistivity
4.75 29.8 34/17 4.36 x2.25 150 20 8 40 N/A N/A 120-275
Resistivity
4.75 20 30/15 4.72x2.25 175 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
1/2) 25
N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 75, (8) 75, (9
1/2) 75
(6 3/4) N/A, (8) N/A, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750, (8) 250-
1,125, (9 1/2) 250-1,500
1/2) 25
N/A (6 3/4) 30, (8) 30, (9
1/2) 30
(6 3/4) 75, (8) 75, (9
1/2) 75
(6 3/4) N/A, (8) N/A, (9
1/2) 300
(6 3/4) 250-750, (8) 250-
1,125, (9 1/2) 250-1,500
Ryan Propagation Resistivity 4 3/4
6 3/4
14.5 (4 3/4) 25/12.2
(6.91) 17.8
(4 3/4) 5.0x2.81,
(6 3/4) 6.58x2.81
175C 20K PSI
(137 mpa)
8 47 153 450 (4 3/4) 100-350
(6.91) 300-750
Schlumberger
mcrVISION 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4 19.4 (4 3/4), 22.8 (6 3/4),
21.2 (8 1/4)
(4 3/4) 30/15
(6 3/4) 15/8
(8 1/4) 14/7
22 (4 3/4), 25.8 (6 3/4), 21 (8 1/4) 150 20 (4 3/4) 12, (6 3/4)
1, (8 1/4) 1
(4 3/4) 79, (6 3/4) 8,
(8 1/4) 8
(4 3/4) 250, (6 3/4) 25,
(8 1/4) 25
N/A (4 3/4) 0-400
(6 3/4) 0-800
(8 1/4) 0-800
ImPulse 4.75 32 30/15 4.75x2.25x38.5 150
std., 175
opt.
20 std.,
27.5 opt.
N/A 125 N/A N/A 0-400
geoVISION675 6.75 10.12 16/8 6.5x2.81x10 150 18 0.9 5.5 18 N/A 0-800
geoVISION825 8 1/4 12.72 13/7 8x2.81x13.5 150 15 0.15 0.95 3 21.8 0-1,200
arcVISION475 4.75 21 30/15 4.75x2.81x22 150 25 3 30 N/A N/A 0-400
arcVISION675 6.75 18 16/8 6.5x2.81x19 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std.,
25 and 30
opt.
1 9 20 N/A 0-800
arcVISION825 8.25 18 14/7 8.25x2.81x19.8 150 std.
175
opt.
25 std,
30 opt.
0.12 1.5 2.5 17.8 0-1,950
arcVISION900 9 18 12/6 9x3x20.7 150 25 0.12 1.5 2.5 17.8 0-1,950
PeriScope 4 3/4, 6 3/4 18.3 (6 3/4), 23.5 (4 3/4) 30/15 (4 3/4) , 16/8 (6 3/4) 4.75x2.25x27 (4 3/4), 6.5x2.81x19.3 (6 3/4) 150 25 (4 3/4) 10,
(6 3/4) 0.7
(4 3/4) 65,
(6 3/4) 4
(6 3/4) 14 N/A 0-400 (4 3/4), 0-800 (6 3/4)
Options
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
stabilizer
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
5 3/8 slick sleeve
18 30/15 4.75x2.25x18 150 20 9.8 61 198 N/A 0-500
Weatherford
Multi-Frequency Resistivity
(MFR)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 8
1/4, 9 1/2
(4 3/4) 28.0, (6-3/4) 28.1,
(8-1/4, 9-1/2) 28.3
(4-3/4) 30/15, (6-3/4), 16/8, (8,
8-1/4) 14/7, (9-1/2) 12/6
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.29; (6 3/4) 6.75x3.06; (8 1/4)
8.25x5.28, (9 1/2) 9.5x6.08
150
Std.
180
opt.
(4.75,
6.75) 20
std. 30
opt.
(8.25, 9.5)
20 std, 25
opt.
4 3/4 - 19
6 3/4, 8 - 2
8 1/4, 9 1/2 - 2
4 3/4 - 105
6 3/4, 8 - 11
8 1/4, 9 1/2 - 2
4 3/4 - 320
6 3/4,8 - 32
8 1/4, 9 - 6
6 3/4, 8 - 208
8 1/4 , 9 1/2- 45 psi
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-700; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,600
Multi-Frequency Resistivity
(MFR) - High Temperature
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 8 1/4 (4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 8 1/4) 29.5 (4-3/4) 30/15, (6-3/4), 16/8, (8,
8-1/4) 14/7, (9-1/2) 12/6
(4 3/4) 4.75x2.29; (6 3/4) 6.75x3.06; (8, 8
1/4) 8x4.20
150 std.
180
opt.
(4.75, 6.75)
20 std. 30
opt.
(8.25, 9.5)
20 std, 25
opt.
4 3/4 - 19
6 3/4 - 2
8, 8 1/4 - 2
4 3/4 - 105
6 3/4 - 11
8, 8 1/4 - 11
4 3/4 - 320
6 3/4, 8 - 32
8 1/4 - 32
6 3/4, 8 - 208 8 1/4
- 45 psi
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-700; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,600
Multi-Frequency Resistivity-
PLUS(MFR-PLUS)
38080 34.7 30/15 4.75x2.29 150 20 Std.,
30 opt.
19 105 320 n/a 80-350
GWAR (GuideWave Azimuthal
Multi-Frequency Resistivity)
4.75, 6.75 34.7 30/15 4.75x2.29 150 20 Std.,
30 opt.
19 105 320 n/a 80-350
Porosity
Baker Hughes
LithoTrak 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4 (4 3/4) 16.1, (6 3/4) 17.6,
(8 1/4) 18.2
(z) (4 3/4) 4.82x1.87, (6 3/4) 6.87x2, (8 1/4)
8.25x2.813
150 Standard
20 (4 3/4)
Optional.
25, (6 3/4
&8.1/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 100-320, (6 3/4) 200-
900, (8 1/4) 300-1,300
SoundTrak 6 3/4, 8 1/4, 9 1/2 (6 3/4 - 9 1/2) 32.8 (z) (6 3/4) 7.1x5.5, (8 1/4) 8.4x6.3, (9 1/2) 9.7x7.6 150 Standard
25 Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) (6 3/4) 200- 900
(8 1/4) 300-1,300
(9 1/2) 450-1,560
MagTrak (Advanced Magnetic
Resonance While Drilling)
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 27.7
(6 3/4) 29.9
(z) n/a 150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 125-406
(6 3/4) 264-660
Bi-modal AcousTic (BAT) 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 28, (6 3/4, 8,
9 1/2) 21
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 1/2) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.65x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.43x2.81, (8)
7.65x2.81, (8 HP/HF) 7.53x2.81, (9 1/2) 8.98x3
150, 175 (All) 25,
(6 3/4, 8,
9 1/2) 30
opt.
(4 3/4) 161, (6 3/4, 8)
11, (6 3/4 HP) 12, (8 HP/
HF, 9 1/2) 4
(4 3/4) 458, (6 3/4, 8)
33, (6 3/4 HP) 35, (8
HP/HF, 9 1/2) 13
(6 3/4, 8) 198, (6 3/4 HP)
208, (8 HP/HF, 9 1/2) 76
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Quadrupole Acoustic (QBAT) 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 28, (6 3/4, 8,
9 1/2) 21
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 1/2) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.65x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.43x2.81, (8)
7.65x2.81, (8 HP/HF) 7.53x2.81, (9 1/2) 8.98x3
150,175 (All) 25,
(6 3/4, 8,
9 1/2) 30
opt.
(4 3/4) 161, (6 3/4, 8)
11, (6 3/4 HP) 12, (8 HP/
HF, 9 1/2) 4
(4 3/4) 458, (6 3/4, 8)
33, (6 3/4 HP) 35, (8
HP/HF, 9 1/2) 13
(6 3/4, 8) 198, (6 3/4 HP)
208, (8 HP/HF, 9 1/2) 76
Azimuthal/Crossed-Dipole
Acoustic (XBAT)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 28, (6 3/4, 8,
9 1/2) 21
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 1/2) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.65x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.43x2.81, (8)
7.65x2.81, (8 HP/HF) 7.53x2.81, (9 1/2) 8.98x3
150 (All) 25,
(6 3/4, 8,
9 1/2) 30
opt.
(4 3/4) 161, (6 3/4, 8)
11, (6 3/4 HP) 12, (8 HP/
HF, 9 1/2) 4
(4 3/4) 458, (6 3/4, 8)
33, (6 3/4 HP) 35, (8
HP/HF, 9 1/2) 13
(6 3/4, 8) 198, (6 3/4 HP)
208, (8 HP/HF, 9 1/2) 76
Compensated Neutron Porosity 6 3/4, 8 7.65 (6 3/4) 21/10, (8) 14/8 (6 3/4) 6.54x2.81, (8) 7.76x2.81 150 18 4 12 72
Compensated Thermal
Neutron (CTN)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 (4 3/4) 11.1, (6 3/4) 11.8,
(8) 17.5
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10,
(8) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.72x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.62x2.81, (8)
8.04x2.81
150, 175 (4 3/4) 20,
25 (6 3/4,
8) 25, 30
(4 3/4) 72, (6 3/4)
4, (8) 3
(4 3/4) 193, (6 3/4)
12, (8) 11
(8) 63
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Logging While Drilling
(MRIL-WD)
6.75 39 21/10 6.35 x 2.81 150 20 20 58
Compensated Long-Spaced
Sonic
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 31.5, (6 3/4, 8,
9 1/2) 29
(4 3/4) 32/17.5, (6 3/4) 18/9.5,
(8) 17/9, (9 1/2) 10/5
(4 3/4) 4.4x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.25x2.81, (8)
7.2x2.81, (9 1/2) 9.2x3.00
150 20 (4 3/4) 36, (6 3/4)
n/a, (8) N/A, (9
1/2) N/A
(4 3/4) 80, (6 3/4) 50, (8)
20, (9 1/2) 20
(4 3/4) n/a, (6 3/4) 115
(8) 35, (9 1/2) 35
(9 1/2) 60 (4 3/4) 120-300, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8) 250-1,125, (9 1/2)
250-1,500
E Sonic 6 3/4, 8 (6 3/4, 8) 29 (6 3/4) 18/9.5, (8) 17/9 (6 3/4) 6.25x2.81, (8) 7.2x2.81 150 20 (6 3/4) N/A,
(8) N/A
(6 3/4) 25, (8) 15 (6 3/4) 45 (8) 18 N/A (6 3/4) 250-750, (8) 250-1,125
SlimDensity/Neutron Stand-
off Caliper
4.75 15.6 30/15 4.93x2.25 150 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
Survivor SlimDensity/Neutron
Stand-off Caliper
4.75 15.6 30/15 4.93x2.25 175 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
Density/Neutron Stand-off
Caliper
6 3/4, 8 25 (6 3/4) 16/8, (8) 12/6 (6 3/4) 6.69 x2.81, (8) 9.2x2.81 150 18 n/a (6 3/4) 20, (8) 10 (6 3/4) 45, (8) 25 N/A (6 3/4) 250-750, (8) 275-1,125
iFinder Density Imaging 4 3/4, 6 3/4 19.6, 19.8 (4 3/4) 30/15,
(6 3/4) 16/10
(4 3/4) 4.92 x 2.25, (6 3/4) 6.68 x 2.81 175 25 6 29 65 N/A (4 3/4) 120-375, (6 3/4)
250-750
Schlumberger
SonicScope475 4.75 30 30/15
4.75x2.25x33.7
150 std.
175
opt.
25 11.1 69.6 N/A N/A 0-400
sonicVISION675 6.75 23.8 16/8 6.5x2.81x35 150 std.
175
opt.
25 std.
30 opt.
0.3 2.0 6.6 N/A 0-800
sonicVISION825 8.25 22.6 14/6 8.0x2.81x32 150 std.
175
opt.
25 std.
30 opt.
0.1 0.7 2.3 16.0 0-1,200
sonicVISION900 9 22.6 12/4 9x2.81x27 150 25 0.1 0.7 2.3 16.0 0-1,400
adnVISION475 4 3/4 with Slick, 5
options
23.6 30/15 4.75x2.25x24.7 150
std., 175
opt.
20 35 220 N/A N/A 0-400
Options
20.5 16/8 6.5x2.25x27.4 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 30
opt.
1 4 10 N/A 0-800
adnVISION825 8 1/4 with Slick or
10 3/8 Stabilizer
Options
22.3 14/7 8.25x2.81x26.1 150 20 std., 30
opt.
1 2 6 41 0-1,600
adnVISION825s 8 1/4 with 12
stabilizer
31 12/4 8.0x2.81x21.0 150 20 1 7 22 90 0-1,000
proVISION 6 3/4 with Slick, 8
Options
37.3 16/8 6.5x2.81x36.5 150 18 4 25 81 N/A 300-800
Options
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
stabilizer
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
Weatherford
TNP (Thermal Neutron
Porosity)
4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8-1/4 24.5 all sizes (includes AZD) (4 3/4) 30/15, (6 3/4) 16/8,
(8.25) 14/7
(4 3/4) 4.75x3.28 (6 3/4) 6.75x4.24 (8.25)
8.25x5.17
150
Std.
180
Opt.
(4-3/4 &
6-3/4) 20
std., 30
opt., (8-1/4)
20 std., 25
opt.
(4 3/4) 16
(6 3/4) 2
(8 1/4) 2
(4 3/4) 87
(6 3/4) 10
(8 1/4) 2
(4 3/4) 265
(6 3/4) 27
(8 1/4) 11
(6 3/4) 205
(8 1/4) 43
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-800; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,800
SST (ShockWave Sonic Tool) 4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8-1/4,
9-1/2
(4-3/4) 29.7, (6-3/4) 26.0,
(8-1/4) 26.5, (9-1/2) 26.75
(4-3/4) 20/12, (6-3/4) 11/5,
(8-1/4) 10/4, ( 9-1/2) 10/4
(6-3/4) 6.75 x 3.06, (8-1/4) 8.25 X 4.20,
(9-1/2) 9.5x8.8
150
Std.
165
Opt.
(4-3/4 &
6-3/4) 20
std., 30
opt., (8-1/4
&9-1/2)
20 std., 25
opt.
4 3/4 - 19
6 3/4, 8 - 2
8 1/4, 9 1/2 - 2
4 3/4 - 105
6 3/4, 8 - 11
8 1/4, 9 1/2 - 2
4 3/4 - 320
6 3/4,8 - 32
8 1/4, 9 - 6
6 3/4, 8 - 208
8 1/4 , 9 1/2- 45 psi
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-700; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,600
Density
Baker Hughes
LithoTrak 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4 (4 3/4) 16.1, (6 3/4) 17.6,
(8 1/4) 18.2
(z) (4 3/4) 4.82x1.87, (6 3/4) 6.87x2, (8 1/4)
8.25x2.813
150 Standard
20 (4 3/4)
Optional.
25, (6 3/4
&8.1/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 100-320, (6 3/4) 200-
900, (8 1/4) 300-1,290
Azimuthal Lithodensity (ALD) 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 (4 3/4) 14.3, (6 3/4) 12.4,
(8) 13.6
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10,
(8) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.6x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.54x2.81, (8)
7.76x2.81
150, 175 (4 3/4) 20,
25, (6 3/4,
8) 18, 25
(4 3/4) 86, (6 3/4, 8) 7 (4 3/4) 237, (6 3/4)
19, (8) 21
(6 3/4) 117, (8) 128
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Stabilized Lithodensity (SLD) 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 (4 3/4) 14.3, (6 3/4) 12.4,
(8) 13.6
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10,
(8) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.6x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.54x2.81, (8)
7.76x2.81
140 (4 3/4)
20, (6 3/4,
8) 18
(4 3/4) 86, (6 3/4, 8) 7 (4 3/4) 237, (6 3/4)
19, (8) 21
(6 3/4) 117, (8) 128
SlimDensity/Neutron Stand-
off Caliper
4.75 15.6 30/15 4.93x2.25 150 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
Survivor SlimDensity/Neutron
Stand-off Caliper
4.75 15.6 30/15 4.93x2.25 175 25 6 29 N/A N/A 120-375
Density/Neutron Stand-off
Caliper
6 3/4, 8 25 (6 3/4) 16/8, (8) 12/6 (6 3/4) 6.69 x2.81, (8) 9.2x2.81 150 18 N/A (6 3/4) 20, (8) 10 (6 3/4) 45, (8) 25 N/A (6 3/4) 250-750, (8) 275-1,125
iFinder Density Imaging 4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 19.6, (6 3/4) 19.8 (4 3/4) 30/15, (6 3/4) 16/10 (4 3/4) 4.92 x 2.25, (6 3/4) 6.68 x 2.81 175 25 6 29 65 N/A (4 3/4) 120-375, (6 3/4)
250-750
Schlumberger
options
23.6 30/15 4.75x2.25x24.7 150
std., 175
opt.
20 35 220 N/A N/A 0-400
Options
20.5 16/8 6.5x2.25x27.4 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 30
opt.
1 4 10 N/A 0-800
10 3/8 Stabilizer
Options
22.3 14/7 8.25x2.81x26.1 150 20 std, 30
opt.
1 2 6 41 0-1,600
stabilizer
31 12/4 8x2.81x21 150 20 1 7 22 90 0-1,000
Options
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
stabilizer
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
Weatherford
AZD (Azimuthal Density
Sensor)
4-3/4, 6-3/4, 8-1/4 24.5 all sizes (includes TNP) (4-3/4) 30/15 (6-3/4) 16/8,
(8-1/4) 14/7
(4-3/4) 4.75x3.28 (6-3/4) 6.75x4.24 (8-1/4)
8.25x5.17
150
Std.
165
Opt.
(4-3/4 &
6-3/4) 20
std., 30
opt., (8-1/4)
20 std., 25
opt.
(4 3/4) 16
(6 3/4) 2
(8 1/4) 2
(4 3/4) 87
(6 3/4) 10
(8 1/4) 2
(4 3/4) 265
(6 3/4) 27
(8 1/4) 11
(6 3/4) 205
(8 1/2) 43
(4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4) 80-700;
(8 1/4) 80-1,600
Formation Pressure Testing
Baker Hughes
TesTrak 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 1/4 (4 3/4) 23.0, (6 3/4) 24.3,
(8 1/4) 24.4
(z) N/A 150 Standard
20 (4
3/4, 6 3/4
&8 1/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 125 - 1600, function of MWD
platform
GeoTap 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 1/2 (4 3/4) 24, (6 3/4) 28.4, (8,
9 1/2) 26.7
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 1/2) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.76 x 2.25, (6 3/4) 6.4x2.81, (8) 7.9 x
2.81, (9 1/2) 9.18 x 3
150 4 3/4, 25
(6 3/4,
8, 9 1/2)
25, 30
(4 3/4) 20, (6 3/4)
19, (8, 9 1/2) 15
(4 3/4) 120, (6 3/4) 39,
(8, 9 1/2) 31
(6 3/4) 75, (8, 9 1/2) 60 (8, 9 1/2) 350
PathFinder
Drilling Formation Tester 6.75 37 16/7 6.37x2.81 150 20 N/A N/A 70 N/A 275-750
Schlumberger
StethoScope 675 6 3/4 w/ 8 1/4 stab
6 3/4 w/ 9 1/4 stab
(Optional)
31 16/8 31 150 std.
165
opt.
20 std.
25 opt.
30 opt.
MWx Q2/C
MW= mud weight
in ppg
Q = Flowrate
in gpm
C = 58,620
0-800
StethoScope 825 8 1/4 w/ 12.0 stab
8 1/4 w/ 10 3/8 stab
(Optional)
31.5 13/7 35 150 20 std.
25 opt.
30 opt.
MWx Q2/C
MW= mud weight
in ppg
Q = Flowrate
in gpm
C = 79,439
0-1,600
StethoScope 475 4 3/4 w/ 5 3/4 stab
4 3/4 w/ 5 1/2 stab
(Optional)
26 30/15 43.5 150 20 std.
25 opt.
30 opt.
MWx Q2/C
MW= mud weight
in ppg
Q = Flowrate
in gpm
C = 6000
0-400
Weatherford
PFT (PressureWave Formation
Tester)
6-3/4, 8-1/4 24.3 (6 3/4) 16/8,
(8.25) 14/7
(6 3/4) 6.75x4.24 (8.25) 8.25x5.17 150 20 std.
(6.75),
30 opt.
(6.75)
(6 3/4) 2 (6 3/4) 10 (6 3/4) 27 (6 3/4) 80-800
Seismic
Schlumberger
seismicVISION675 6.75 14 16/8 13.8 150 25 0.4 2.4 7.8 N/A 800
seismicVISION825 8.25 13.84 14/7 14.4 150 23 std.,
27.5 opt.
0.1 0.7 2.2 15.6 2,000
seismicVISION900 9 13.84 12/4 14.8 150 23 0.1 0.7 2.2 15.6 2,000
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Well Placement Technology
Baker Hughes
AziTrak (azimuthal formation
resistivity at multiple depths of
investigation plus real-time 3D
geospatial modelling)
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 40.4, (6 3/4) 35.3 (z) TBD 150 Standard
20 (4 3/4)
Optional.
25, (6 3/4)
Optional.
30
(a) (a) (a) (a) 4 3/4) 125-350, (6 3/4)
265-900
ZoneTrak G (near bit
gamma ray)
9.5 4.79 (z) TBD 150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) 300-1,600, function of MWD
platform
ZoneTrak (at-bit boundary
detection system)
6 3/4, 9 1/2 (6 3/4) 6.3, (9 1/2) 5.7 (z) (6 3/4) 7.25 x 3.64, (9 1/2) 9.63 x 3.7 150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) (6 3/4) 200-900
(9 1/2) 300-1,600
DeepTrak (very deep resistivity) 6.75 Transmitter Sub : 6.9 ft
Receiver Sub:
22.4 ft
(z) TBD 150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) 200-900, function of MWD
platform
StarTrak (high resolution
borehole imaging)
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 9.8, (6 3/4) 8.3 (z) (4 3/4) 5.25 x 3.13,
(6 3/4) 7.25 x 4.6
150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) (4 3/4) 125-350,
(6 3/4) 265-900, function of
MWD platform
SeismicTrak (borehole
seismic tool)
6 3/4, 9 1/2 (6 3/4) 10.73, (9 1/2 11.35 (z) (6 3/4) 7 x XX,
(9 1/2) 9.5 x XX
150 Standard
20, Optional
25
(a) (a) (a) (a) (6 3/4) 265-900, (9 1/2in)
530-1270
Azimuthal Deep Resistivity
(ADR)
4 3/4, 6 3/4 (4 3/4) 25.5, (6 3/4) 24.3 (4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10 (4 3/4) 4.76x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.71x2.81 150 25 (4 3/4) 152, (6 3/4) 14 (4 3/4) 419, (6 3/4) 38 (6 3/4) 229
Azimuthal Focused Resistivity
(AFR)
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 (4 3/4) 10.0, (6 3/4) 10.8,
(8) 8.5
(4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10,
(8) 14/8
(4 3/4) 4.74x2.25, (6 3/4) 6.56x2.81, (8) TBD 150 (4 3/4)
24.5, (6
3/4) 22, (8)
24.5
(4 3/4) 78, ( 6 3/4)
6, (8) 2
(4 3/4) 214, (6 3/4)
17, (8) 5
(6 3/4) 101, (8) 25
At-Bit Inclination (ABI) 4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8, 9 5/8 Part of Mud Motor (4 3/4) 30/14, (6 3/4) 21/10, (8,
9 5/8) 14/8
Depends on mud motor 150 18 Depends on mud
motor
Depends on mud motor Depends on mud motor Depends on mud motor Depends on mud motor
250-750
Gamma
4 3/4, 6 3/4, 8 7.13 upper, 3.33 lower, 5.92
upper, 3.66 lower
(4 3/4) 31/17, (6 3/4) 16/10,
(8) 16/10
(4 3/4) 4.43x2.25, (6 3/4) 5.99x2.81, (8)
6.99x2.81
175 (4 3/4), (6
3/4) 25,
(8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 70, (6 3/4) 20 (4 3/4) N/A, (6 3/4)
35, (8) 20
N/A (4 3/4) 125-375, (6 3/4) 250-
750, (8) 250-1125
Schlumberger
PeriScope 4 3/4, 6 3/4 23.5 (4 3/4), 18.3 (6 3/4) 30/15 (4 3/4) , 16/8 (6 3/4) 4.75x2.25x27 (4 3/4), 6.5x2.81x19.3 (6 3/4) 150 25 (4 3/4) 10,
(6 3/4) 0.7
(4 3/4) 65,
(6 3/4) 4
(6 3/4) 14 N/A 0-400 (4 3/4), 0-800 (6 3/4)
geoVISION675 6.75 10.12 16/8 6.5x2.81x10 150 18 0.9 5.5 18 N/A 0-800
geoVISION825 8 1/4 12.72 13/7 8x2.81x13.5 150 15 0.15 0.95 3 21.8 0-1,200
Options
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
Options
20.5 16/8 6.5x2.25x27.4 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 30
opt.
1 4 10 N/A 0-800
10 3/8 Stabilizer
Options
22.3 14/7 8.25x2.81x26.1 150 20 std, 30
opt.
1 2 6 41 0-1,600
stabilizer
31 12/4 8x2.81x21 150 20 1 7 22 90 0-1,000
Options
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
stabilizer
25.2 16/8 6.5x2.81x24.5 150 std.
175
opt.
20 std., 25
opt.
2 10 32 N/A 250-800
5 3/8 slick sleeve
18 30/15 4.75x2.25x18 150 20 9.8 61 198 N/A 0-500
Weatherford
MFR+Plus (Multi-Frequency
Resistivity PLUS)
4.75 34.7 30/15 4.75x2.29 150 30 19 105 320 n/a 80-350
GWAR (GuideWave Azimuthal
Multi-Frequency Resistivity)
4.75, 6.75 34.7 30/15 4.75x2.29 150 20 Std.,
30 opt.
19 105 320 n/a 80-350
At-Bit Measurement System 4 3/4, 6 3/4 NOM
TOOL SIZE (5.60 and
7.325 max)
(4 3/4) 2.83 ft., (6 3/4)
3.01 ft.
(4 3/4) 30/15, (6 3/4) 16/8 (4 3/4,
6 3/4)
150
(4 3/4) 10
(6 3/4) 10
estimates (4 3/4)
12, (6 3/4) 2
estimates (4 3/4) 64,
(6 3/4) 9
estimates (4 3/4)
exceeds flowrate, (6
3/4) 26
estimates (6 3/4) 170 (4 3/4) 80-350; (6 3/4,
8) 80-800; (8 1/4, 9 1/2)
80-1,800
Formation Fluid Identification and Sampling
GeoTap IDS 6 3/4 34.7 + 11.8 per sample collar 21/10 6.89x2.81 (with one sample collar) 150 20 TBD TBD TBD TBD
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Distribution of rigs in the sample.
ENGI NEERI NG, CONSTRUCTI ON, & I NSTALLATI ON
New model predicts jackup
weight and displacement
Analytical tool of fers additional metric for design and benchmarking
T
he weight of a rig is an important vari-
able in cost estimation and determines
the amount of steel required in con-
struction. Rig weight is generally con-
sidered proprietary, however, because
it indicates design benchmarks and construc-
tion performance metrics that are central to
the competitive nature of the industry. Several
methods can be used to predict ship weight,
but given the structural differences between
jackup rigs and ships, these techniques are
not adequate to predict rig weight. The pur-
pose of this article is to construct a jackup
lightweight displacement function based on
empirical analysis of a random sample of rigs.
Weight management
Weight is an important design factor and
a primary feature in determining the physi-
cal characteristics of a rig. Larger rigs have
greater variable loads, can support more pow-
erful drilling equipment, and operate in more
severe conditions. Weight is linked to fabrica-
tion costs. As more steel is added, material
costs and fabrication expenses increase, but
complex tradeoffs are involved with weight
management, and because so many interde-
pendent factors are involved, it is diffcult to
quantify the effects of weight on cost. Weight
is also a critical factor in determining rig stabil-
ity and the size and design of spudcans.
Weight factors
The weight of a jackup rig is primarily
determined by the water depth, drilling, and
environmental capability, and rig design.
Water depth. As the water depth capabil-
ity of a rig increases, the length of the legs in-
crease. At some point, incremental leg length
cannot be added to a given hull design and
the hull must be enlarged. As a result, water
depth is correlated with a number of physical
descriptors including leg length, hull breadth,
hull depth, deck area, and hull volume.
Drilling depth. Inorder to increase the drill-
ing depth capability of a rig, designers make al-
lowances for morepowerful drilling equipment,
stronger cantilevers, and greater variable loads.
Larger and heavier rigs are required to accom-
modate more numerous and powerful drilling
systems and heavier cantilever loads.
Environmental capability. Harsh envi-
ronment rigs are heavier than moderate en-
vironment units. For the same water depth
capability, harsh environment rigs must have
longer legs than moderate environment units
to increase the air gap. The legs and spud-
cans of harsh environment rigs are built to
a more robust standard than moderate en-
vironment rigs and use higher quality and
thicker steel. Harsh environment units may
also have greater variable loads than moder-
ate units to reduce the frequency of resupply,
and this requires a larger, heavier rig.
Since jackups are particularly well suited
to harsh environment operations, some
contractors have built harsh environment
jackups with 500-ft (152-m) water depth ca-
pabilities to extend the use of jackups into
waters typically limited to semis. Ultra-high
specifcation jackups are much heavier than
moderate environment units. For example,
the Gusto MSC CJ 70 weighs 28,000 tons,
approximately twice the weight of a typical
moderate environment unit.
Rig design. The tradeoffs designers make
between the grade and quantity of steel impact
rig weight. Either larger quantities of lower
grade steel or smaller quantities of higher
grade steel may be employed. For example, a
rig designer may increase the number of brac-
es in each leg, but decrease the yield strength
of the steel. Using lower grade steel will in-
crease weight, but may result in lower costs.
Rigs may employ rack chocks. Rack chocks
are inserted after jackingto transfer the vertical
load fromthe legracks to the hull. Without rack
chocks, the load is held by the pinions in the
jacking system. The use of chocks increases
the fxity between the hull and the legs, and al-
lows for a reduction in the bracing in the legs to
reduce leg weight. Most F&G, Baker Marine,
Keppel, and Gusto MSC rigs utilize chocks,
while most Letourneau rigs do not.
Data source
Information on rig weights is not widely
available and is generally considered pro-
prietary. We assembled data from 31 rigs
representing 21 designs and three harsh
environment units. Water depth, hull length,
hull width, build year, and designer data
were collected from the academic and trade
literature, specifcation sheets, and industry
personnel. The sample includes most of the
rigs commonly built in shipyards, including
the F&G L780 Mod II, the LeTourneau Su-
per 116, the Baker Marine 375 and the Gus-
to CJ 70 X 150. In a few cases, lightweight
displacements were estimated as the transit
displacement minus the transit variable load
Mark J. Kaiser
Brian F. Snyder
Center for Energy Studies
Louisiana State University
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www.stauff.com/act
Visit our Anti-Corrosion Technology Website at
Relationship between water depth and rig weight.
to supplement the dataset. When more than one data point was avail-
able from a single rig design, the displacements were averaged to
ensure that the data points were independent.
Summary statistics
The distribution of lightweight displacement from the rig sample
has an average of 11,479 tons (range 5,569-28,600 tons) and an aver-
age water depth capability of 314 ft (range 250-450 ft/76-137 m). For
harsh and moderate environment rigs, the average displacement
was 17,575 and 10,195 tons, respectively. The age distribution was
bimodal with 10 of the 31 rigs built after 2008, and 19 of 31 built be-
fore 1985. The average age of all the rigs was 22 years.
Single factor models
One key issue is the relationship between displacement and water
depth. Water depth explains 57% of the variation in lightweight, but
water depth squared turns out to be a slightly better predictor. In
a regression analysis, the three harsh environment designs
weigh more than average moderate environment rigs for the
same water depth capability.
Another key issue is the relationship between hull dimen-
sions and rig weight. Hull dimensions predict about half of
the variation in rig weight, but unlike the water depth rela-
tionship, there is no trend of harsh environment rigs being
heavier than moderate environment rigs for a given hull di-
mension.
Weight relation
A linear regression model was developed to predict rig
weight using hull length and breadth (width), water depth
capability, designer, environmental class (harsh versus mod-
erate) and build year as predictor variables. Hull length times
hull breadth entered the model as an interaction term to
proxy the area of the hull. Designer and environmental class
were modeled as indicator variables. Variables were checked
for multicolinearity, and because breadth was correlated with
length and environmental class, these variables were not per-
mitted to enter the same model.
The best model included terms for water depth, water depth
squared, and hull length times hull width:
D = 49,316 3,233WD + 0.563(WD)
2
+ 0.12LB
where D is lightship displacement (tons), WD is water depth capa-
bility (feet), and L and B are the length (feet) and breadth (feet) of
the rig, respectively. Environmental class, designer and build year
were not signifcant predictors.
The model explained 91% of the variations in displacement and all
terms were signifcant. The inclusion of the length and width inter-
action term explained slightly more variation than either the length
or width terms individually, and the coeffcients were insignifcant
when the interaction term and the length or width terms were in-
cluded together.
Water depth is positively correlated with weight, and as water
depth increases, the slope of the relationship increases because of
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Relationship between hull dimensions and rig weight.
the squared term. In reality, width and breadth
are not constant with increasing water depth, but
enter the model relative to their physical charac-
teristics.
The harsh environment indicator variable was
not a signifcant predictor of weight. This is likely
due to the fact that only three designs were harsh
environment units. Data restrictions limit the abil-
ity of the model to accurately predict the weight of
harsh environment rigs. Build year and designer
were also not signifcant predictors, which could
indicate physical similarity in rig designs over time
and between designers.
Limitations
Small sample size reduces the confdence in
the results and infates model ft. However, be-
cause the total number of rig designs in the world
is limited and our sample includes the most popu-
lar, the relations are expected to be reasonably
robust. Additional predictor variables could be
examined in re-specifed models, but since the
model already predicts over 90% of the variation
in weight, the weight relation is considered ad-
equate for aggregate assessments and gross benchmarking studies.
Additional error may be introduced because the lightweight dis-
placement of some vessels was based on estimated values, and a
number of different sources were utilized which may estimate light-
weight displacement differently. When multiple records for a single
rig design were available, the reported weights matched closely, and
defciencies in the weight reporting may be partly offset by the aver-
aging of multiple records.
Editors note: This article is the second of a fve-part series by Mark Kaiser and
Brian Snyder on rig construction costs, weight specifcations, and market day rates.
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FEBRUARY 5 7, 2013
MOODY GARDENS CONVENTION CENTER
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pected to redefne the limits of heavy
marine transport. The largest semi-
submersible heavy-lift vessel ever
built, the Dockwise Vanguard is designed spe-
cifcally to enable operators and contractors
to consider opportunities for mega offshore
units which were until now considered un-
thinkable.
Transport requirements
The next decade is expected to see grow-
ing demand for transportation and installa-
tion projects, particularly for the transport
of mega units to remote offshore locations.
Today, fully integrated offshore units such
as TLPs and semisubmersibles are currently
transported separately. Other units, such as
spar buoys and FPSOs, can only be trans-
ported up to a certain size and are usually
wet-towed to their destination.
Existing semisubmersible heavy-lift vessels
cannot transport the next generation of plat-
forms. The worlds current largest semisub-
mersible heavy-lift vessel, the Blue Marlin (also
owned by Dockwise), can carry structures of
up to 76,000 metric tons (83,775 tons). While
capable of transporting some mega structures
(such as BPs Thunder Horse), the Blue Mar-
lin is limited in its ability to transport larger
and heavier units. Many of these newer units
require a new type of vessel with a signifcantly
increased carrying capacity. In light of current
limitations, Dockwise decided to invest in a
completely new vessel design to transport the
super-sized offshore structures.
Innovative design
The vessel was engineered to surpass
current heavy marine transport limita-
tions. The vessels deck covers a surface
of 275 m x 70 m (902 ft x 230 ft) and is
equipped with movable casings. In ad-
dition, the accommodation block and
navigation bridge are on the extreme
starboard side. The vessel has no bow,
and this, along with other design features,
gives the vessel a unique appearance.
In addition, the vessel has a dedicated
design for ultra heavy units weighing up to
110,000 metric tons (121, 254 tons). Optimized
deck strength and extreme wide-load capabili-
ties are at the heart of the design philosophy,
as are the vessels stability characteristics. It is
equipped with a 27 MW redundant propulsion
systemconsisting of two fxed propellers at the
aft and two retractable azimuth thrusters at the
bow. It can reach a maximum transit speed of
14 knots, which translates to average service
speeds of 11-13 knots with cargo. In addition,
the vessel allows for 16 m (53 ft) water above
deck, accommodating cargoes with a higher
draft.
New opportunities
The vessels capabilities present new oppor-
tunities previously unthinkable. Companies
in the oil and gas industry can now specify
much larger and heavier offshore structures,
and these can be integrated at a single fabrica-
tion site. These mega structures can then be
transported onboard the vessel to remote off-
shore locations, even in harsh climates where
no commissioning facilities are available. This
can help reduce costs and optimize the overall
project. In essence, the newvessel will play an
important role in the feld development phi-
losophy of oil and gas majors, since it will be
capable of transporting fully integrated mega
offshore units.
The vessels design is also expected to help
operators and developers create value. With its
capabilities, timely and risky phases of offshore
projects can be managed prior to hookup and
commissioning. Interface optimization, higher
degree of risk mitigation, lower insurance pre-
miums, improved schedule fexibility, and re-
duced time-to-production as well as reduced
offshore man-hours are a few examples of op-
portunities. In addition, the vessels advanced
technical capabilities enable it to offer a com-
pletely new service: offshore dry-docking.
Offshore dry-docking
Increasingly, FPSOs are being located in re-
mote areas which lack support infrastructure. In
this circumstance, an offshore dry-docking ser-
vice can be specially valuable. The vessels FPSO
dry-docking capacity offers inspection, mainte-
nance, and repair opportunities (amongst oth-
ers) at different conditional modes. The FPSO
could remain connected to its mooring and
turret system while keeping the riser systems
intact, with the possibility of continuing limited
production. In this scenario, the FPSO will still
be able to freely weathervane around the turret
mooring, with controlled heading made possible
by the vessels propulsion system.
In order to fully realize this newoffshore ser-
vice, Dockwise received an approval in princi-
ple fromABS following the commissioning of
a hazard identifcation (HAZID) safety assess-
ment. This assessment took place in the pres-
ence of a multi-disciplinary team of experts and
representatives from two oil and gas majors.
Industry recognition
The vessels design philosophy has received
two awards by maritime organizations. Thefrst
award was from the Royal Association of Dutch
Ship Owners for the KVNR Shipping Award
2011. This award recognized the Dockwise
Vanguard as the most innovative vessel,
and was listed in the jury report under
the big, bigger, biggest category. The
second recognition, an OTC Spotlight on
New Technology Award bestowed at this
years conference, also recognized the
vessels innovative design. In selecting a
new technology winner, the jurys deci-
sion was based on the following criteria:
new, innovative, proven, broad interest,
and signifcant impact.
Looking to the future
With its innovative designs, the vessel
is uniquely capable of transporting the
next generation of fully integrated mega
units offshore. Delivery of the vessel is
planned for 4Q 2012.
Jonathan Martinez
Dockwise
With the Dockwise Vanguards dry-docking
service, the FPSO remains connected to
its mooring and turret system while keep-
ing the riser systems intact.
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upstreamsales@mustangeng.com
www.mustangeng.com
www.alliance-engineering.com
THE LEADER
for a reason...
Setting the standard in topsides design
First
Largest
Deepest and
Lightest
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EXMAR launches FLRSU to exploit
stranded gas offshore Colombia
First-ever facility to go on-stream in 2014
E
XMAR NV plans to invest $300 million
on the frst-ever foating liquefaction,
re-gasifcation, and storage unit (FLR-
SU) in an effort to develop stranded
gas worldwide. Under a 15-year con-
tract with Rubiales Energy Corp., EXMAR
will operate the FLRSU in the Caribbean
Sea offshore Colombia starting in 4Q 2014.
The facility will be a non-propelled barge
equipped to convert natural gas into LNG,
and to store for offoading to a permanently
moored storage unit or shuttle tankers. The
jetty moored barge will receive gas from the
onshore La Creciente feld.
The foating plant will process 69.5 MMcf/d
of natural gas, and produce 500,000 metric tons
(551,155 tons) of LNGper annum. The FLRSU
will process piped gas with less than 1% of CO
2
content, but will not process sour gas. The fa-
cility will be 140 m (459 ft) long, 32 m (105 ft)
wide, 18 m(59 ft) deep, and have a normal draft
of 5 m (16 ft).
EXMAR offcials are confdent the FLRSU
will be at the jetty for another 15 years given
the potential of the feld reserves. The La
Creciente feld has 6 tcf (170 bcm) of gas
reserves, and ongoing studies estimate a po-
tential of 30-43 tcf (850 bcm-1.2 tcm).
We wanted to show some innovation in
the LNG market, said EXMAR CEO Nico-
las Saverys. We are the frst one to do re-
gasifcation onboard a ship, and we are the
frst one doing ship-to-ship liquid transfer.
Now we will be the frst one to do ship-to-
ship transfer of LNG.
Supplying the gas market
Saverys dismissed criticism about the proj-
ect being too small. The world gas market is
regulated and this small-scale project is set to
contribute to the global gas market, he said.
We are on the verge of a very fast growing
gas market. We are bringing this frst project
to increase gas supply to that market.
Assuring the simple system and safe ap-
proach, Saverys said he sees a huge poten-
tial in exploiting stranded gas globally. The
energy markets are short of gas supplies
and EXMARs FLRSU-based approach offers
the opportunity to add stranded gas to these
markets, and correct the current imbalance
in trade, both price and supply wise.
Saverys noted that there is enough
stranded gas worldwide, some of which is
very often fared and or some of which is not
readily available because of technology lim-
its. We think that there are plenty of oppor-
tunities in the world and plenty of gas which,
at the moment, is untouched because there
are no means to bring it to the markets.
At the launch of the project in Shanghai
Gurdip Singh
Contributing Editor
Rendering of the FLRSU.
The FLRSU under construction at Wison Offshore & Marines new shipyard in Nantong, China.
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________________________
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C O N F E R E N C E & E X H I B I T I O N
FEBRUARY 5 7, 2013
MOODY GARDENS CONVENTION CENTER
GALVESTON, TEXAS, USA
WWW.TOPSIDESEVENT.COM
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Join hundreds of colleagues and exhibiting companies for this high-level technical conference and exhibition
and connect with key decision makers and technical experts directly involved in the topsides industry.
Over three days, TOPSIDES, PLATFORMS & HULLS will feature presentations covering technical issues, business
challenges and future trends, plus showcase an exhibition of products and services from dozens of key
engineering frms, contractors, suppliers and service providers. Join us in Galveston, February 5-7, 2013!
__________________________
Roald Amundsen
South Pole Expedition 1911
originally developed by VICINAY,
is nowadays an offshore industry standard
because it delivers higher strength with less
weight.
Because the original is always best, most
companies rely on Vicinay for the supply of R5
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Our production from four factories in three
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ENG, CONST, & I NSTALL
on June 1, Saverys called on Chinas state energy companies to con-
sider EXMARs FLRSU concept for exploiting gas deposits. EXMAR
is building the facility at Wison Offshore & Marine Ltd.s new ship-
yard in Nantong, China.
The FLRSU project highlights the business potential and invest-
ment in Colombia. EXMAR has worked in the South American coun-
try handling coal exports for more than a decade. Colombia has the
fastest growing economy in South America, and one of the fastest
in the world, he said. Colombia is ramping up oil production to 1
MMb/d this year. The countrys current gas production is estimated
at 1 bcf/d (28 MMcm/d) of gas. The company is training 28 Colom-
bian nationals to manage and operate the FLRSU.
The future appears to be bright for FLRSU projects, but EXMAR is
taking one project at a time. As for the companys future, Saverys said:
There are places where gas production is just impossible. Indeed I
can share with you that my ambition is to produce gas from those
areas in the next decade. I would like to see that we are the frst one
doing more complicated projects by going into harsher environments
and handling gas which comes with a sludge, which will need to be
cleaned and purifed. We will have a real cracking system out there.
Engineering the vessel
In June, Shanghai-based Wison Offshore & Marine Ltd. signed an
engineering, procurement, construction, installation, and commis-
sioning contract (EPICI) to design and build the fat-bottom barge for
the project. We bring quality Chinese fabrication and international
project management to this project, said Dwayne Breaux, executive
vice president of Wison. The contract is frst of its kind in the indus-
try, and has put the new yard in a great burgeoning market.
Black & Veatch is providing the detailed design of the topside LNG
production facilities to Wison for the FLRSU. Through a global design
team led from its Beijing offce, Black & Veatch will also supply all
LNG process equipment and provide installation and start-up over-
sight services to Wison, said David E. Kerns, executive vice president,
director for strategic planning and risk management at B&V Energy.
The equipment will utilize the companys patented PRICO technol-
ogy, which employs a single-mixed refrigerant system to accomplish
the gas liquefaction with a refrigerant that is a mixture of nitrogen and
hydrocarbons ranging from methane to isopentane, Kerns explained.
By using a single-mixed refrigerant process with one refrigeration loop
startup, Black & Veatch aims to achieve high reliability and availability.
Underlining the risk sharing pact between EXMAR, Wison, and
Black & Veatch, Saverys said he plans to discuss future projects with
the two partners. We are talking about complex construction with
certain risks, he said. And these risks are shared in equitable man-
ners with different parties.
EXMAR CEO Nicolas Saverys at the project launch in Shanghai.
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_________________________
New polyethylene fiber suitable
for deepwater mooring ropes
Improved creep properties make permanent installation possible
A
new High Modulus Polyethylene fber
(HMPE) with improved creep prop-
erties allows its use in permanent
offshore mooring systems. Testing
shows that ropes made with the new
fber type retain the properties characteristic
of HMPE such as high static strength and
stiffness and yarn-on-yarn abrasion resis-
tance.
HMPE is suitable for longer, ultra-deepwa-
ter mooring lines beyond 2,000 m (6,562 ft).
The fbers are characterized by high strength
and high modulus, producing lighter and
smaller diameter high-stiffness ropes com-
pared with polyester mooring lines for the
same MBL (minimum breaking load). Howev-
er HMPEs creep performance has prevented
its use in long-term deepwater moorings. Sys-
tematic improvements in creep performance
have led frst to the development of SK78 fber
for semi-permanent MODU moorings, and
now DM20 fber for offshore permanent pro-
duction moorings.
The long-term creep properties of DM20
match industry requirements for duration
of permanent moorings. A creep estimation
model based on fber data has been developed
for DM20 to demonstrate the fbers ability to
meet creep performance requirements, and
thus limit the need for full size rope testing.
The fber creep rate properties were con-
frmed by creep tests on subropes. Because
of its extreme low creep elongations, the
discard criterion of 10% perma-
nent elongation suggested in
industry guidelines and standards
for general HMPE types and
MODU grade SK78 needs to be
reconsidered for DM20. Dynamic
stiffness of DM20 equals SK78,
while secant stiffness of DM20 is
higher than SK78, confrming the
reduced creep of this new fber. It
is advised to determine stiffness
values on (sub)rope level.
Beyond 2,000 m (6,562 ft) water
depth, high stretch of polyester
rope becomes a problem as the
longer mooring lines allow greater
horizontal offsets. A 2,000 m poly-
ester line may have 40 m (131 ft)
elongation, while a 3,000 m (9,842 ft) line
would allow 60 m (197 ft) elongation under
the same environmental conditions. This
creates horizontal offsets which may exceed
the limits of risers. Using HMPE with simi-
lar break load, these offsets would be only
12 m (40 ft) for a 3,000 m line.
In addition, HMPE is now considered
suitable for these longer deepwater mooring
line lengths. Because the fbers are charac-
terized by high strength and high modulus,
resulting in lighter and smaller diameter
high-stiffness ropes, there are both techni-
cal and operational advantages over tradi-
tional polyester mooring lines. HMPE ropes
typically have an extension at break of 2%-
2.5% for a worked rope.
During station-keeping, wave movements
impose cyclic loadings on mooring lines,
causing fuctuating fber elongation. The
mooring lines are subject to tension-tension
fatigue loads. HMPE fber ropes have shown
a longer fatigue life compared to polyester
ropes for the same rope construction and
are not vulnerable to axial compression fa-
tigue compared to aramid fber.
However, the high stiffness of HMPE also
can be a limiting factor. In high storm and
hurricane risk areas the mooring system
needs stretch to survive. Hybrid mooring
lines combining HMPE rope segments with
polyester rope segments provide the stiff-
ness needed to handle maximum loads dur-
ing station-keeping in storm, while ensuring
suffcient elasticity to damp peak loads in-
duced by waves.
Pretension is responsible for long-term
loading of mooring lines. HMPE fbers are
sensitive to long-term static loads, and irre-
versibly elongate proportionally with time.
This is known as creep. All synthetic ropes
experience some creep defned as the per-
manent elongation of the rope under load.
The rope will not fully recover once the load
is removed.
Excessive creep increases offset of the
moored vessel. The degree of creep depends
on HMPE type, operating temperature, mean
load, and loading time. Recent fber develop-
ments aim to reduce the creep rate (% elonga-
tion/timeunit), as well as developing a model to
accurately predict creep rate and creep elonga-
tion, and thus provide better estimates of creep
lifetime.
In 2003, SK78 fber, a low-creep
HMPE, was introduced for semi-
permanent mobile operating drilling
unit (MODU) moorings. Petrleo
Brasileiro SA recently ordered a
set of SK78 mooring ropes with 630
metric ton (694 tons) MBL for deep-
water MODU projects offshore Bra-
zil. Further research on creep rate
reduction has resulted in the devel-
opment of the DM20 fber grade,
especially designed for deepwater
permanent mooring.
Predictive modeling
Following DSM Dyneemas
modeling of HMPE fber creep,
M.P. Vlasblom
J. Boesten
DSM Dyneema
S. Leite
Lankhorst Euronete Ropes
P. Davies
IFREMER
Rope creep testing at Lankhorst Ropes.
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___________
RIGHTDESIGN
TM
Making the RIGHTCHOICES
w
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At Polarcus we operate the most
3D seismic vessels in the industry.
environmental footprint, our vessels
tions in the harshest of climates.

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&
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e
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www.rolls-royce.com
Our ship design and integrated system solutions are results of targeted
research and development over many years. Our designs and solutions meet
the challenging combination of high performance and flexibility, reduced fuel
consumption and optimised life-cycle costs.
Our wide range of system solutions includes systems for seismic operations,
safer deck operations, propulsion and manoeuvring, stabilisation, dynamic
positioning and automation and control. Trusted to deliver excellence
Fully optimised
for the mission
and the environment
industry guidelines for mooring ropes now
specify a variety of creep-related documen-
tation including validation of creep mod-
els, creep failure safety factors, and creep
monitoring tasks. Nearly all mooring system
standards state that creep estimation mod-
els based on fber test data can be used to
support the mooring systems creep perfor-
mance requirements and thus limit the need
for full size (sub)rope testing. Typically creep
rate analyses, creep failure analyses, and
rope creep tests predictions are required.
For creep analyses, the long-term envi-
ronmental events can be represented by a
number of discrete design conditions from
which the annual creep elongation is calcu-
lated, and a predicted total creep strain for
the design service life determined. During
prototype evaluation, a test is performed
to either verify or calibrate long-term rope
creep rates with data from the fber creep
model.
Creep monitoring
Monitoring the elongation of HMPE rope
is used to measure the extent of creep. How-
ever, there is a lack of consensus among stan-
dards bodies on test methodologies. Some
mooring standards require creep monitoring
of the rope in use in the most critical section,
usually the top part or top section closest to
the water surface because of the higher tem-
peratures. A few standards specify a HMPE
rope replacement criterion of 10% creep
strain of the total length of the HMPE rope.
Where indicated, the creep safety fac-
tor for HMPE ropes is different for mobile
moorings and long-term moorings. It also
differs on how it is applied. In the norms and
guidelines for HMPE ropes, the safety fac-
tors are based on either creep failure, creep
rupture life, or design service life, which, by
defnition, are not consistent. Furthermore,
the factor of safety for a monitored rope can
be lower than that for an unmonitored moor-
ing rope. There are also practical issues to
be considered when a creep model is based
on rope data. For extrapolation over longer
times, creep tests on HMPE ropes should be
carried out into the steady-state creep re-
gime, to determine the plateau in the creep
rate. Since creep rate is load and tempera-
ture dependent, testing until creep failure
within an acceptable time frame can only
be performed at high loads or high tem-
peratures which do not represent offshore
operating conditions. The cost of rope test
facilities to perform these tests at operating
loads and temperatures can be high. As a re-
sult, rope creep tests are normally limited to
rope creep rate tests to verify the fber creep
model used for the analysis.
As required by several of the industry
norms and guidelines, the DM20 rope creep
rates were compared with creep model pre-
dictions to verify the fber creep model.
The creep model predictions are very
close for normal loading ranges, and conser-
vative for load ranges which are signifcantly
over normal operating conditions for the off-
shore mooring lines. In all tested conditions,
the rope showed a creep rate lower than esti-
mated. Although the relative differences be-
tween predicted and measured creep rates
seem high, a certain inaccuracy is inevitable
in predictions of long-term endurance. DSM
Dyneema has ensured that model estimates
of creep rate always err on the conservative
side of the expected creep lifetime.
It should also be noted that the accuracy
of the current creep model, based on limited
creep rate and creep rupture data, will im-
prove over time.
Stiffness measurements
To verify the offsets under heavy load con-
ditions, the creep of fbers has to be taken
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________________
Shaft-less low investment costs
Machine room-less
Unique safety features
Capacities between 300 kg to 7,000 kg
Forklift loading class A, B, C1, C2, (C3)
Remote monitoring keeps down-time to a minimum
Fully compliant with EU and US regulations
Over 30,000 rack & pinion solutions installed since 1948
Explosion protected for EU and US regulations
www.alimakhek.com
V
isit u
s at
O
N
S
Stand No. B 266/12
Elevators
for tough environments
28-31 August 2012
Stavanger, Norway
into account. Equivalent secant stiffness, incorporating creep of the
most tensioned and most slack lines for storm durations of 24 to 72
hours, are relevant to a mooring analysis and show how yarn results
can be used to produce estimates of rope properties. Dynamic yarn
stiffness testing involves preliminary cycling followed by the actual
stiffness cycling measurement. From this, yarn creep is estimated
based on changes in elongation at pre-defned steps for periods up
to 72 hours.
Yarn stiffness
Following this test, measurements were performed on DM20 and
SK78 fbers to determine the quasi-static stiffness for wind and lee-
ward mooring lines. After an initial pre-loading (10-30%YBL), wind-
ward is defned from the delta elongation between 20%YBL (yarn
breaking load) and 45%YBL over 24 hours (incorporating creep) and
leeward is defned from the delta elongation between 20%YBL and
5%YBL over 24 hours (incorporating creep recovery).
Rope stiffness
HMPE is visco-elastic and its stiffness characteristics vary with
load intensity and duration, and number of cycles. During early
loading cycles, the bedding-in of the rope results in some initial
elongation. The equivalent secant stiffness and dynamic stiffness of
DM20 in a rope construction was measured on the 52 mm diameter
Gama98 rope construction subrope produced by Lankhorst Ropes,
and compared with data derived on a full size MODU rope made
from SK78
Rope realization factor
Although tested at same temperatures, the equivalent secant stiff-
ness values of the yarn, experiments based on the yarn break load
are lower than the values derived from the rope experiment. When
stiffness data is to be determined on a yarn, the test load should be
comparable to the application load on the rope. This means that to
compare fber and rope stiffness data on a relative load basis, the
fber/rope break strength conversion factor, or realization factor,
must be taken into account.
In summary, the fber and rope stiffness measurements have il-
lustrated that:
Secant stiffness of DM20 is higher than SK78 when measured
on fber or rope level
Dynamic stiffness of DM20 is in line with SK78 at rope level
Preferably stiffness values are to be determined on (sub)rope
level
As creep is a function of temperature, secant stiffness is a function
of temperature as well.
Yarn-on-yarn abrasion
The American Bureau of Shipping specifes that HMPE fber should
pass the minimum requirement of the yarn-on-yarn abrasion test, ac-
cording to CI-1503 (19). At the Tension Technology Internal test lab
(Arbroath, UK), the DM20 fber was tested at 1%-5% BL and compared
to SK75 fber test results from 2009. It was determined that DM20 will
pass the minimum requirements and no signifcant difference was de-
tected between DM20 and SK75 fber and indicated that a comparable
tension fatigue can be expected.
Further work
In addition to additional creep characterization of the DM20 fber
for more accurate creep model predictions, laboratory testing in a
wide variety of fber and rope tests including fatigue testing will con-
tinue to reinforce confdence on the suitability of this new HMPE fber
type for the intended markets.
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_________________
Innovation, teamwork key to safe
and cost-effective decommissioning
D
ecommissioning projects across the
globe are on the rise despite the high
oil price and drive to extract more re-
serves from existing felds. Douglas-
Westwood and Deloitte predicted in
the North Sea Decommissioning Market
Report, released in November 2011, that the
cost of North Sea decommissioning could
exceed 47.5 billion ($72.7 billion) over the
next 40 years.
While operators in the UKCS nowachieve
highly respectable asset recycling rates of
up to 97%, the potential environmental and
cost benefts of reusing plant, equipment,
or entire facilities, rather that defaulting to
scrap, means a number of major operators
in the UKCS have committed funds to inves-
tigate this further.
When the decision is taken to cease produc-
tion and decommission an asset, it is essential
that, in the effort to reduce costs, projects are
carried out safely, effciently, and competently.
An installation may have been producing for
30 years with the same core workforce oper-
ating on it since hook-up and commissioning.
For these individuals in particular, and the rest
of the offshore team, it is important to realize
that it is not business as usual.
An important difference from steady
state producing operations to the decom-
missioning process is that the physical op-
erating environment is constantly changing.
Dropped objects, such as detached cable
trays, may also pose a serious risk, since
corrosion can increase as the heat supply
drops with cessation of production.
A platforms risk profle changes when
the production of hydrocarbons has ceased
and the installation moves into the engineer-
ing down and cleaning, and module process
and utility separation phases. The move from
hydrocarbon production to an active reduc-
tion in the hydrocarbon inventory changes
the working practices and other specialist
service providers, such as waste handling
specialists and heavy-lift contractors, become
involved in the project.
Clarifying the work scopes, developing the
methodology, working practices and quanti-
fying the resources required to progress the
project will help ensure it is delivered in a safe
and effcient manner. The detailed plans devel-
oped as a result of this process will allow the
work to be scheduled to maximize resource
utilization, optimize activity, and improve logis-
tics. Integrated project plans with multi-skilled
teams is one way to improve effciency while
reducing the numbers of personnel offshore;
for example, mobilizing multi-disciplined tech-
nicians that utilize rope access solutions.
With separation, lifting, and removal tak-
ing place in various areas across the installa-
tion, safety escape routes may not be avail-
able as they were during the operational
phase and it is not uncommon for them to
change on a daily basis. Work will also be un-
dertaken in modules that have been partly
decommissioned and work may be required
to enhance the working environment for
safe operations, such as walkway enhance-
ment work scopes. As walkways and escape
routes can regularly change when modules
are removed, repainting yellow walkway
lines is a visual reminder for those on board
of where it is safe to walk on any given day.
The introduction of many new personnel
who are unfamiliar with the installation can
often be perceived as a potential risk by the ex-
isting platform team. However, personnel that
are new to the installation can offer a different
perspective and see potential hazards that may
have not been immediately obvious to the in-
cumbent platform team. Feedback from new
personnel should be actively encouraged to
ensure the points highlighted are acted upon.
Storks decommissioning philosophy and
operations center around its REACH HSEQ
initiative. REACH was originally developed
by RBG, the company acquired by Stork in
2011, where it had a major impact on HSEQ
performance, evidenced by over 70% reduc-
tion in UK lost time incident frequency, and
over 60% globally, from 2009 to 2011.
REACH is now at the heart of the com-
panys decommissioning activity and is a
crucial focus for all project planning, train-
ing, and operations, fromcompetency evalu-
ations to in-depth inductions and preparing
work packs. By placing safety unequivocally
as the number one priority, employees un-
derstand the importance of achieving the
highest safety standards and everybody go-
ing home safely at the end of their trip.
Decommissioning innovation
Developing and deploying innovative tech-
nology also plays a major role in delivering de-
commissioning projects cost-effectively and to
the highest HSEQ standards. Stork is involved
John McQueenie
Bas Pauwels
Stork Technical Services
Deploying multi-skilled teams can reduce the number of personnel required onboard an installation.
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in a major North Sea decommissioning project and recently saved its cli-
ent almost 5 million ($7.7 million) on an upcoming fabric maintenance
work scope through the use of innovative inspection and coatings tech-
nologies.
Stork inherited a number of substantial drill derrick painting
work scopes after winning the contract, but as the asset will be fully
decommissioned by 2015, the companys project delivery team chal-
lenged the requirement to deliver these as agreed.
A comprehensive close visual inspection reduced the quantity of sur-
face area to be treated from 4,365 sq m (46,984 sq ft) to 2,553.43 sq m
(27,484 sq ft), a saving of 42%. In addition, the introduction of a wax
oil preservative coating to treat the drill derrick realized further sav-
ings of 1,725 man-hours. The wax oil will allow the coating works to be
completed in around 14 days compared with six weeks for conventional
paint treatment. The reduction in time means it can also be delivered
during a planned pause in drilling operations rather than an unplanned
shutdown, which can cost up to 100,000 ($154,679) per day.
Internal leg inspection presents another opportunity for safety inno-
vation on the project. Two of the assets legs are used for drilling and
have a high number of conductors running through them. The conduc-
tors have to be removed as part of the decommissioning project, but
prior to this is the requirement to survey and quantify the work that is
involved. Rather than put an operative into this hazardous environment,
Stork will use a pan/tilt/rotate camera system, with additional lighting,
to determine the related work scopes.
Platform reuse
The reuse and relocation of production facilities is not new to the
oil and gas industry, with around 20-30% of platforms removed from
the Gulf of Mexico being reused. With many assets that are relative-
ly small, light, and operating in often benign conditions (apart from
the hurricane season), it is easy to see how a regional reuse industry
has developed. While this activity is still in its infancy in the UKCS,
last year saw the topside of a Southern North Sea platform being
refurbished and redeployed for a new development in North Africa.
Compared with the current recycle and scrapping decommis-
sioning process, relocating and reusing has the potential to deliver
signifcant environmental benefts. During recycling, platforms gen-
erate a signifcant carbon footprint as vast amounts of energy are
expended to melt the steel. While only 2%-3% of the asset is being
disposed in a landfll, this can equate to hundreds of tons of waste. It
is estimated that between 8 and 20 tons of carbon emissions is saved
from every ton of steel that is reused.
Cost is also a crucial issue and with potential savings varying from
around a few hundred thousand pounds for smaller platforms to poten-
tially tens of millions for large installations, the reuse of an asset could
be the deciding factor that makes a small, marginal feld economical.
However reusing a platform is not without its issues and ensuring
the asset is safe to operate is the absolute priority. Full and compre-
hensive checks on NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material)
waste and asbestos are vital as the new platform owner takes these
on as a liability. Fatigue is also a crucial issue and with aging plat-
forms it could take some time to gain the appropriate safety certif-
cation and ensure an asset is safe to operate.
Onshore relocation
The impact and delivery of relocating an asset must also be con-
sidered. Stork has more than 20 years experience relocating entire
onshore production facilities on a global basis and the companys
skills, expertise, and experience can be transferred to the offshore
industry. In 2009-10, the company managed and delivered the entire
relocation of OCI Nitrogens nitric acid plant.
An in-depth feasibility study was carried out and engineering prepa-
ration planned out the entire project, with particular emphasis placed
on a safe, effcient, and cost-effective service delivery. The plant was
dismantled at Ijmuiden, the Netherlands, and transported to the new
site at Geleen, the Netherlands, where it was successfully re-commis-
sioned. More than 9,100 m tons (10,031 tons) of freight, including
60-m-long (196.8-ft) steel columns, was transported throughout the
project.
While widespread reuse of North Sea production facilities may be
some years away, a potential area for signifcant growth in the short-
term is the reuse of major deck equipment such as gas compressor
machinery, generators, and valves. There is anecdotal evidence that
equipment such as this, which can cost millions of pounds, is often
removed from a platform with no identifying documentation and
ends up at waste facilities for scrapping.
Working with operators, it is possible to identify and protect plant
and equipment that may have resale value, which could reduce the
fnal cost of decommissioning. While a platforms plans may identify
the majority of material that can be reused, a full inventory should
be created to take into account plant and equipment that may have
been installed or removed, but not fully documented, as part of
brownfeld modifcations.
Assessing the state of the identifed materials while operational is
crucial, and once a decision has been taken that it can be reused, so-
lutions should be developed to protect the equipment in late life op-
erations ahead of cessation of production. For its part, Stork can cer-
tify that the equipment meets the necessary regulatory and industry
standards and ensure it will operate to the highest safety standards.
Conclusion
As the North Seas aging infrastructure nears the end of its de-
sign life, the requirement for expert decommissioning services has
never been greater and will increase signifcantly over the coming
decades. While the majority of these original assets are likely and
rightly to be consigned to scrap, reusing the major equipment, such
as deck machinery and turbines, is a possibility given the preva-
lence of new marginal developments that need to minimize costs to
make the felds proftable.
Regions such as the Gulf of Mexico have already adopted the reloca-
tion and reuse of entire assets; however, to introduce it widely in the
UKCS would require collaboration throughout the supply chain and a
change in mindset from default to scrap. It is clear that the industry
must move to reduce its energy footprint, improve its environmental
performance, and help reduce the overall costs of the decommission-
ing program over the next 20 to 30 years. The relocation and reuse of
smaller, satellite assets should be seriously considered to deliver this.
Industrial relocations are a complex process, from feasibility studies to
transport and re-commissioning.
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Buoyant Tower offers new platform
for shallow-water field development
Lower fabrication and installation costs make concept attractive
B
PZ Energy has selected the Buoy-
ant Tower design by Horton Wison
Deepwater to develop the Corvina
feld offshore Peru. The design con-
cept was selected because it is less
expensive than the fxed platform alterna-
tive, and the fabrication and installation
schedules were attractive. The fabrication
contract was awarded in the fall of 2011, and
the tower and topside are scheduled to be
installed in 3Q 2012. The tower and topside
are presently being fabricated in Nantong,
China.
The Buoyant Tower falls in the category
of a compliant structure. A compliant struc-
ture is allowed to move in response to envi-
ronmental forces. Many offshore structures
such as the guyed tower, compliant piled
tower, spar, and TLP are compliant struc-
tures.
The Buoyant Tower is basically a cell spar
that rests on the seafoor. The main body of
the tower consists of four cylindrical tubes
called cells. The cellular approach is scal-
able, and designs for other locations and
applications have been made with seven,
nine, and 12 cells. In effect, the HWD Buoy-
ant Tower design teamhas taken deepwater
technology and applied it to shallow water.
The tower supports both drilling and
production. In the BPZ case, oil and gas are
exported to an FPSO. A tender vessel will
assist in drilling. The buoyant tower concept
can be designed to support full drilling and
processing, depending on the clients needs.
For the BPZ design, the wells are supported
by conductor pipes that are self-standing
on the seafoor, and supported laterally by
guides on the side of the tower. Top ten-
sioned risers are also possible and may be
the preferred option in the deeper end of the
designs water depth range.
Tower fabrication
In some offshore arenas, the Buoyant
Tower is cost-effective for developing shal-
low-water felds because both the fabrication
and installation costs are reduced. The fab-
rication cost is reduced because of the sim-
plicity of the cellular components of the hull.
The cell fabrication of the BPZ tower was
completed in about three months by pres-
sure vessel shops in the Nantong area. The
cellular construction proceeded rapidly in
part because many of the welds (about 80%)
can be done with machines (sub arc and
track welders). The cell segments then were
transported to the assembly site where out-
ftting, stacking, and assembly is proceeding
and expected to take another three months.
Tower installation
The fabricated tower and the topsides will
be loaded on a heavy-lift vessel for transport
to Peru. Near shore, the heavy-lift vessel will
submerge to allow the tower to foat off. The
topside is supported on a truss system that
will keep it above the water during tower
foat off. Once the tower is foating in the
horizontal position, it will be towed to near
the fnal installation site where it will be up-
ended using proven procedures. Magnetite
fxed ballast material will then be pumped
into the bottom end of each cell to further
stabilize the tower and increase its draft.
The truss system on the heavy lift-vessel
supporting the topside extends over the side
of the vessel. The foating hull will then be
pulled into the gap in the extended truss
system and secured lateral to the vessel.
The topside will be skidded outboard of the
heavy-lift vessel and positioned over the tow-
er. The tower will be deballasted, causing it
to rise and mate with the topside. Further
deballasting will lift the topside clear of the
supporting truss system. The tower with its
topside will then be towed to the installa-
tion site and set on bottom by deballasting.
Mooring lines are not required to keep the
tower on station, so the entire installation
proceeds rapidly.
The Buoyant Tower is held in position by
a suction can foundation (SCF) located at
the bottom end of the main cells. During in-
stallation, this can is forced into the seafoor.
The necessary forces can be generated by
ballasting some of the tanks in the tower and
allowing the tower weight to push the can
into the soil. An additional suction embed-
ment force can be generated by lowering
the water pressure inside the SCF. Once the
SCF fully penetrates and the inside is flled
with soil, the vertical bearing capacity in-
creases substantially. The downward load on
the SCF is then reduced for the long term.
The SCF has three main functions:
To provide lateral support to the tower
and ensure it stays in position
To provide vertical support with mini-
mal long-term settlement
To permit the tower to rotate in re-
sponse to the environment.
The tower is held upright by the buoy-
ancy of the cells, and thus the foundation is
not required for tilt stability. Like a spar, the
center of the buoyancy is above the center
of weight so the structure is unconditionally
stable. To be compliant with the wave forces,
the tower must be able to dynamically tilt as
Lyle Finn
Horton Wison Deepwater
Artists rendering of the Horton Wison Deepwa-
ter buoyant tower for BPZ Energys Corvina field
offshore Peru.
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GustoMSC is a leading design and engineering
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the wave pass through. The rotational restraint of the SCF is small
relative to the moment of the wave forces.
The calculated lateral and vertical load capacities for the SCF are
adequate to keep the tower on station. A detailed ABAQUS fnite ele-
ment model of the soil and SCF is used to confrm the load capacity
calculations. A series of model tests further confrms that the SCF
will allow the tower to tilt in response to waves and at the same time
keep the tower from excessive lateral or vertical displacement.
The wells are supported by conductor pipes that are jetted,
drilled, or driven into the seafoor. These conductor pipes are sup-
ported laterally by a series of guides placed along the length of the
tower. Drilling is done by a rig on the top deck of the topside, similar
to fxed platform drilling. The BOP is located below the drilling rig.
Because the wells are some distance from the center of the tower,
there is a small amount of relative vertical displacement between the
wellhead and topside as the tower tilts in response to the environ-
ment. To accommodate this relative motion, a short, fexible jumper
between the wellhead and the manifold is required.
Applicability
Design studies confrm that the HWD Buoyant Tower concept
is applicable in water depths from 50 to 260 m (165 to 853 ft). The
tower motions improve with water depth and the design becomes
more effcient. However, in the upper end of the water depth range
the costs of the tower increases to the point where foating concepts
are more effcient.
SCF model tests indicate that this foundation type is applicable in
areas with milder environmental conditions. This includes the non-
cyclonic event belt on both sides of the equator, and other milder
environmental areas such as offshore Peru, Brazil, and West Africa.
Studies for towers in the Mediterranean and Caspian seas show the
concept is also feasible in these areas. Extension of the design to
harsher environmental areas is under study.
Cells being fabricated for the Corvina
field buoyant tower production facility.
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SUBSEA
Controlling tomorrows
deepwater developments
System functionality and obsolescence management are key to success
T
o address the future subsea develop-
ment challenges of remoteness, envi-
ronmental requirement, and reliabil-
ity, the oil and gas industry needs to
explore new technological avenues.
For instance, all-electric control systems are
believed to be one of the major technological
steps that will help create newopportunities.
Total addresses these challenges through
strategic technology development and quali-
fcation projects. A case in point is the K5F
project which piloted the frst all-electric tree
and control system in the Dutch North Sea.
All-electric technology paves the way for
more complex subsea processing systems
and, coupled with fber-optic (FO) commu-
nications, enables ultra long tiebacks. This is
further confrmed by the Laggan/Tormore
project, a 157 km(98 mi) subsea to beach tie-
back in the west Shetlands area of the North
Atlantic. This project incorporates FO com-
munications and potential future addition of
wet gas compression.
Total also focuses on development of sub-
sea control system infrastructure. Adopting
FOopen architecture control system designs
as a base case on all current and future proj-
ects prepares these developments for future
technology integration and feld extensions.
Proving the core technologies necessary
for seabed-wide communication and control
infrastructure that is neither constrained by,
nor impacts the performance of the wellhead
control system is a signifcant step.
The ability to communicate to any subsea
device on an industry standard TCP/IP proto-
col enables future integration of complex sub-
systems such as subsea processing, gas com-
pression, reservoir monitoring, etc. It also faces
the growing need to address obsolescence and
advanced system condition monitoring. The
use of standard interfaces and communication
protocols also allows upgrades, replacement
technology, and extended functionality to be
introduced at a sub-systemlevel without impact
on the core control system.
The extension of surface network tech-
niques to subsea systems brings many tried
and tested tools to the operator such as
bandwidth allocation, message prioritization,
network storm protection, and diagnostics
through simple network management proto-
col (SNMP).
Short-term benefts of a high bandwidth
open architecture also are signifcant. Most
importantly we can remove the burden of
data acquisition, validation, routing, and
transmission from the subsea production
control system (PCS) processor to an intel-
ligent network management device. These
devices are well established on surface sys-
tems and provide a level of fexibility and
functionality unavailable subsea.
The following list highlights some of the
more pertinent characteristics:
Plug and play. Open architecture reduc-
es interface development and testing costs
and allows new sensors to be added as they
become available with limited integration
requirement
Transparent connectivity. The open net-
work allows surface acquisition systems to
communicate directly with the sensor on the
seabed or downhole. This means communi-
cation handshakes between the two devices
is direct rather than to the PCS processor on
the surface and subsea, providing autonomy
with respect to functionality and future soft-
ware upgrades; it also reduces the overall
workload on the PCS
Expandability. The open network per-
mits electrical and mechanical interfaces
to be pre-installed for future sensor installa-
tions. This facilitates the procurement of the
subsea monitoring and control equipment
without the need for upfront information
about the fnal sensor requirements and in-
terfaces. The ability to route serial commu-
nications over the network allows sensors to
be interfaced easily after installation of the
surveillance system with the provision of
mechanical interfaces and subsea wet-mate
connectors
High bandwidth. Advanced surveillance
systems link communication with band-
widths in the region of GB/sec. This high-
speed link allows real-time data, including
diagnostic data, to be acquired fromexisting
subsea sensors and also enables the use of
new sensors and data rate intensive equip-
Rory MacKenzie
Total SA
Totals future vision for long-distance subsea tiebacks.
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______________
moody gardens hotel & convention center | galveston, tx | november 6-8, 2012
www.deepwateroperations.com
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Challenges in deepwater production are complex and command our attention to develop solutions that are economical and long-term. The
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SUBSEA
ment such as subsea video, leak detection,
downhole seismic, and inspection and main-
tenance/repair support.
Based on these concepts, Total has up-
dated its general specifcation for subsea pro-
duction control systems. The key aspects are:
Topside control equipment is developed
from industrial PLCs and or DCS controllers
Elements integrated in ICSS network are
developed with ICSS vendor components
Each subsea loop shall comprise of inde-
pendent A and B control from SCU to SCM
Subsea communication shall be high speed
FO using an industry standard TCP/IP
protocol
Local subsea network from SRMs is electri-
cal using industry standard TCP/IP proto-
cols
Subsea power distribution is switchable at
SRMs
Third-party equipment has direct router ac-
cess topside and subsea (SCM and SRM)
Spare Ethernet connections available at
SCMs and SRM
100% spare FO capacity available at each
manifold.
The fexibility of this architecture prepares
for future complexities when implementing
more advanced subsea systems. One example
is that of subsea gas compression (SSGC). An
SSGC system will have to incorporate mul-
tiple vendor control systems, unique condition
monitoring sub systems, shutdown and equip-
ment integrity, closed-loop control systems,
and all the standard subsea systems such
as manifold valving, power distribution, and
chemical management.
Another consideration with respect to life
of feld operability is obsolescence issues as
we attempt to upgrade aging infrastructure or
repair failure of aging equipment, materials,
and software. In the case of the subsea control
system, this is particularly critical as many of
the internal electronic components can be ob-
solete by the supplying manufacturer within
only a few years. This means a strong empha-
sis on modularity, ease of modifcation, and
reparability must be prioritized during design.
Operational experiences with Totals as-
sets highlight this issue. For some years
This graph illustrates one reason that obsolescence management needs to be considered when
designing subsea control systems.
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SUBSEA
this issue has been magnifed in West Africa due to the remoteness
from main manufacturing centers for subsea control systems. This,
coupled with a growing concern about our ability to effciently main-
tain subsea equipment throughout the life of feld, is the subject of
numerous studies within Total over the past few years. Component
obsolescence is intrinsic to all commercial products.
Component life cycles are subjects of many factors: market life
cycles, component production costs and volumes, the technologies
used, and the number of competitors. The main causes of obsoles-
cence typically are:
Technology advances, this makes innovation cycles shorter: new
technologies replace older ones which in turn become obsolete
The original manufacturer goes out of business or the original
supplier decides to stop manufacture
The product is no longer viable to produce.
Our industry has no infuence over any of these factors and must,
therefore, accept component obsolescence as a fact of life. Rather
than looking for a cure we must instead learn to manage it. By learn-
ing from other industries such as defense, nuclear and the aeronauti-
cal industry, and tapping into already mature processes from these
industries Total has produced a general specifcation that requires a
proactive obsolescence management system to be in place for all our
subsea suppliers.
The IEC 62402 standard has been used as the baseline for the
Total general specifcation on obsolescence management. The spec-
ifcation defnes minimum requirements in terms of design, com-
ponent monitoring, and creating adequate reporting systems back
to Total to permit proactive action. A basic aim of the proactive ob-
solescence management system is to extend choice in terms of the
obsolescence solutions away from costly redesign.
The remaining issue is industry acceptance. Other operators also
are developing processes to manage this issue. It is important that
suppliers do not end up with widely different requirements from its
customers. A number of initiatives are starting to appear on a joint-
industry basis and this is strongly encouraged. It is our hope that
over the next few years an industry standard obsolescence manage-
ment endorsed by all operators system can be developed.
The focus on effcient project management and successful applica-
tion of innovative technology has never been greater. With more than
80% of its producing subsea wells in deepwater, Total has had to em-
brace novel installation techniques, push existing technology to new
boundaries, and pioneer advanced development methodology. The
high success rate of these developments is not by chance, it is built on
experience, highly developed processes, and vigorous qualifcation
programs. It is in this vane that Total strives to optimize its technology
readiness for future subsea challenges. The open architecture control
system infrastructure together with effective obsolescence manage-
ment will contribute signifcantly toward this aim.
The focus on effcient project management and successful
application of innovative technology has never been greater.
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_________________
FLOWLI NES & PI PELI NES
New automation concept promises
to enhance deepwater pipeline integrity
D
NV engineers have developed the X-
Streamconcept to improve the viabil-
ity of gas transport pipelines in deep
and ultra-deep water a long distance
from shore. Currently, the cost of
pipes strong enough to withstand the pres-
sure differential between internal gas pres-
sure and external hydrostatic pressure in
deepwater, and the logistics associated with
their installation, can make such pipelines
uneconomical. Using X-Streamto control in-
ternal pressure, thinner pipe can be used, al-
leviating these challenges without compro-
mising safety or the integrity of the pipeline.
In 2009, Petrobras posed the question to Dr.
Henrik O. Madsen, DNVs CEO: three hun-
dred kilometers (186 mi) from shore, in water
3,000 m (9,842 ft) deep, how can associated
gas be economically piped to shore so it can be
sold rather than just re-injected? This was not
just a theoretical question. Asolution could en-
able commercialization of the gas associated
with Brazils presalt oil felds.
The challenge is to avoid pipeline collapse
over hundreds or even thousands of kilome-
ters as a result of loss of internal pressure
through a leak or rupture of the pipe during
operation, said DNV Project Manager Flavio
Diniz.
Madsen was enthusiastic about the chal-
lenge. As the deepwater gas transportation
market will experience massive investments
and considerable growth in the years to
come, new safe and cost effcient solutions
are needed, he said.
DNV has a history of involvement in deep-
water projects, including the proposed Oman-
to-India pipeline; as well as Bluestream, Per-
dido, and Ormen Lange.
We have been instrumental in develop-
ing and upgrading the safety and integrity
regime and standards for offshore pipelines
for decades, and today more than 65% of the
worlds offshore pipelines are designed and
installed to DNVs offshore pipeline stan-
dard, said Madsen.
In Rio de Janeiro, DNV has a strong techni-
cal teamthat focuses on riser/pipe engineer-
ing and risk management. So, Madsen es-
tablished a team of mostly young engineers,
backed by the global expertise of DNV, and
set them to work on the question. The solu-
tion was to only involve proven technology.
Petrobras engineers were enthusiastic part-
ners throughout the project.
The breakthrough came with the realiza-
tion that the concept behind existing high in-
tegrity pressure protection systems (HIPPS)
could be used to protect against not just high
pressures but low pressures as well. HIPPS
is a type of safety instrumented system (SIS)
designed to prevent over-pressurization of a
plant, such as a chemical plant, oil refnery,
or pipelines. It will shut off the source of the
high pressure before the design pressure of
the systemis exceeded, thus preventing loss
of containment through rupture (explosion)
of a line or vessel. Therefore, a HIPPS is con-
sidered as a barrier between a high-pressure
and a low-pressure section of an installation.
Currently there are about 20 subsea HIPPS
around the world. They are used when the
fowlines are designed with a lower pressure
than the full well shut-in pressure, to avoid
overpressure of the fowline. The idea is that
if it is acceptable to use a HIPPS to avoid over-
pressure of a pipeline, it should be equally safe
and acceptable to use a HIPPS systemto avoid
a low-pressure scenario. The inversion of this
technology laid the foundation for DNVs X-
Streamdeepwater piping solution.
It is the need to prevent the pipe from im-
ploding that currently dictates pipe wall thick-
ness. In ultra-deepwater, the wall pipe needs to
be extremely thick, and thus can only be manu-
factured by a limited number of pipe mills. The
thick pipes are also heavy to transport and
handle; slow to weld and diffcult to install;
and require extremely thick and costly buckle
arrestors. Currently, the number of suitable in-
stallation vessels is also limited.
Floating gas facilities are being developed as
an alternative. However, foating gas facilities
are in many cases not yet feld-proven, and are
unlikely to be viable for the relatively low gas
volumes associated with some oil felds.
X-Stream introduces a new method to deal
with the high external hydrostatic pressures of
deepwater without relying purely on material
thickness to ensure the integrity of the pipeline.
Fundamental to the solution is the need to
protect thinner pipe from collapse during in-
stallation, in case of accidental damage and in
emergency shutdown scenarios, explained
Asle Vens, DNV Pipeline Segment Director.
The idea of an inverted HIPPS system, i-
HIPPS, which isolates the deepwater section
Wendy Laursen
Special Correspondent
The dividing line between safe and collapse critical depth indicates the
boundary below which the external pressure can compromise the pipeline.
(green = safe area, red = collapse critical area)
X-Streams inverted high integrity pressure protection system (i-HIPPS) is
designed to isolate the deepwater section of a pipeline if internal pressure
drops to a critical level.
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of a pipeline when internal pressure drops to
a critical level, will fulfl this role, enabling
pipe walls to be signifcantly reduced com-
pared with traditional pipelines.
However, risk analysis showed one un-
likely but potentially serious danger remain-
ing that of an internal leak in the i-HIPPS
system itself. If this happened, it would mean
the pressure drop could not be arrested.
To cover the situation of an i-HIPPS leak,
another inversion of existing technology was
brought to the system. This time, rather than
double block and bleed (DBB) valves being
used to relieve high pressure situations, they
would be used to prevent pressures dropping
to critical levels. An i-DBB provides backup for
the containment of the pressure drop by intro-
ducing a gel into the enclosure between the
i-HIPPS valves in shallow waters. X-Stream,
then, consists of a series of automated valves,
pressure transducers and autonomous logic
controllers to provide an integrated pressure
control system for the lifetime of the pipeline.
In a pipeline running to shore from deep-
water, the main i-HIPPS system would be
located above the water line to ensure easy
access for maintenance, inspection, and test-
ing. The collapse critical point for a pipeline
is the depth at which the external pressure
can compromise the whole pipeline. Below
this point, the impact of a pipeline rupture is
limited by the ingress of water which holds
back the gas in the pipeline. This situation is
the same for traditional pipelines.
If, however, leakage or rupture of the pipe-
line occurs above the collapse critical point, at
the rig or near the shore, major damage can
result since the water pressure is insuffcient
to contain the gas and therefore the pressure
loss. In this case, a secondary set of i-HIPPS
valves would close on a pre-determined low
pressure signal to isolate the deepwater
pipe and ensure that pressure is maintained.
Should the i-HIPPS system leak and pressure
continue to fall, the i-DBB system would be
activated. Further pressure drop would then
be prevented by the gel release.
The secondary i-HIPPS system located below
the collapse critical point would be activated to
contain the de-pressurization. Should this sec-
ondary system develop an internal leak and
the internal pressure reach a critically lowlevel,
a small bleed valve in the i-DBB system would
open to the surrounding water so seawater could
food the void between the i-DBB valves and halt
pressure loss.
With i-HIPPS and i-DBB combined, the
system immediately and effectively isolates
the deepwater pipe if the pressure starts to
fall. In this way, the internal pipeline pressure
is maintained above a critical, pre-determined
level for any length of time, said Diniz.
DNVs innovation, therefore, centers on in-
verting the well-established HIPPS and DBB
systems to prevent too large a pressure dif-
ferential in the pipeline, and X-Stream meets
the strict requirements set for the safety and
integrity of existing subsea piping includ-
ing ISO and DNV-OS-F101. It becomes cost
attractive when more than a kilometer of
ultra-deepwater pipeline is required. This is
because even small reductions in wall thick-
ness make a huge difference in terms of
In the inverted double block and bleed (i-DBB)
concept, a viscous substance with a gel consis-
tency is pumped into the closure between the
valves to effectively hinder any leaks from the
high pressure side, thus ensuring the integrity
of the pipeline.
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Registered trade names:
V
Manufacturer and supplier of wire
rope- and chain accessories with
branches in The Netherlands,
Germany, France and USA, and
stock holding distributors in over
80 countries worldwide.
Van Beest B.V.
Tel : +31 184 41 33 00
Fax : +31 184 41 49 59
E-mail : sales@vanbeest.com
www.vanbeest.com
Member of Van Beest International
Visit us at ONS in Stavanger, Norway! Booth #J996
steel volume, welding effort, and installation
costs. The exact reduction in wall thickness
depends on the water depth, pipe diameter,
and actual pipeline profle. Typically for gas
pipeline in water depths of 2,500 m (8,202 ft),
the wall thickness reduction can be around
25 to 30% compared to traditional designs.
Diniz described a typical scenario for the
presalt region where a pipeline runs to shore
from water depths of 3,000 m (9,842 ft). Three
hundred kilometers (186 mi) of pipe with out-
side diameter of 0.457 m (18-in.) lays in deep-
water and a further 100 km (62 mi) lays in
shallow water. If a minimuminternal pressure
of 200 bar is maintained by X-Stream, pipe wall
thickness can be reduced from 25 mm to 17
mm (~1 in. to 0.7 in.) a 32% reduction. With
concrete coating, this could be further re-
duced to 15.6 mm (0.6 in.).
The result is a system that would be signif-
cantly cheaper than current pipeline technol-
ogy. The production costs decrease as less steel
is required in the construction of the pipe. The
reduced wall thickness also means that manu-
facture using higher grade steel is possible.
Installation costs are slashed by the reduced
welding times, and the new system also re-
sults in increased lay rates without the need for
buckle arrestors in some cases. Alternatively,
the system could mean a larger diameter pipe
can be achieved for the same wall thickness.
In either case, X-Stream reduces the con-
sequences of accidents during installation.
The pipe is installed fully or partially fooded
with water to prevent collapse. Cleaning and
gauging of the pipeline is performed and then
it is dewatered and dried for operation. A mini-
mum pressure is maintained in the pipeline
during pre-commissioning using produced
gas, separated from the water in the pipe by a
set of separation pigs and gel. This technology
is not new and is already standard practice for
several oil companies, but X-Stream provides
an additional safety mechanism during deep-
water installation operations.
To date, the X-Stream innovation project
has been limited to a concept study, and more
detailed design will need to be carried out be-
fore it is realized on an actual project. DNV is
not patenting the concept but intends to work
with industry partners to refne the concept,
and then act as certifcation body to approve
the detailed design.
At DNV, we feel confdent that huge f-
nancial savings can be made for long-distance
deepwater gas pipelines without compromis-
ing pipeline safety and integrity, explained
Madsen.
X-Streamis not a one-off concept limited to
Brazils presalt felds. It is timely to take it to
the next stage of development now, he says.
New offshore oil and gas felds are being de-
veloped in deeper and deeper waters, and ex-
port solutions for the gas are critical.
The technology could be taken around the
world, said Madsen. For instance, it is just as
relevant to the pipeline planned between Alge-
ria and Italy for the GALSI project; the South
Streamproject in the Black Sea; and the SAGE
project linking India and the Middle East.
Madsen introduced the X-Stream concept
in London this past January, and it has been
positively received by offshore companies
such as Petrobras, British Gas, Odebrecht
Oil and Gas, Saipem, Technip, Subsea 7, and
Heerema, among others. For Celso Raposo,
Steering Committee Member of the proj-
ect and head of pipeline services for DNV
in South America, the project, coming at a
time when Brazil is investing $1 billion/yr in
research and development, is an example of
the countrys growing capacity for success-
ful industry partnerships and technical in-
novation. He says: DNV has been a pioneer
in pipeline technology and we already work
closely with Petrobras providing certifcation
and verifcation services. The success of this
project demonstrates DNVs ability for lateral
thinking when it comes to solving practical,
real-life problems for the industry.
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Global offshore pipeline construction survey
Max. Contractor
Length Pipe dia. Type of water Project and/or In-service
Company (miles) (in.) Location of project service depth (ft) status eng. firm target
UNITED STATES
Amberjack Pipeline Co. 136 24 Jack/St. Malo hub, Walker Ridge Export, oil 6,890 Planned Wood Group (E) 2014
blk 718 to Shell Boxer A platform,
Green Canyon blk 19
Enterprise/Genesis Energy 149 18 Lucius-truss spar Gathering, crude 7,000 Planned 2014
to South Marsh Island 205, GoM
Williams/DCP Midstream 215 20 Keathley Canyon, Walker Ridge, and Gathering, gas Planned 2014
Green Canyon areas, central GoM
Total Miles 500
EUROPE
BP (Shah Deniz) 310 Shah Deniz field, Caspian Sea Transmission, gas 1,800 Planned 2017
DONG E&P 15 12 Hejre field, offshore Denmark Export, gas 226 Await start Saipem (C ) 2014
DONG E&P 56 10 Hejre field, offshore Denmark Export, oil 226 Await start Saipem (C ) 2014
Galsi SpA 170 22 to 48 Olbia, Sardinia, to Piombino, Italy Transmission, gas Planned 2014
via Mediterranean Sea
IGI Poseidon SA 135 42 Ionian Sea Transmission, gas Under Study
Lukoil 78 22 Vladimir Filanovsky field, Trunkline, oil Await start Saipem (C) 2015
Caspian Sea, to shore
Lukoil 83 28 Vladimir Filanovsky field, Transmission, gas Await start Saipem (C) 2015
Caspian Sea, to shore
Trans Adriatic Pipeline AG 65 36 Greece to Albania and Italy Transmission, gas 2,657 Planned 2017
via Adriatic Sea
Operators planning some 5,800 mi
of offshore pipelines through 2017
O
perators and developers are study-
ing, planning, and building more
than 5,800 mi of oil and gas pipelines
to bring these supplies fromoffshore
felds to onshore markets.
Europe is the clear leader in offshore pipe-
line projects, with more than 2,500 mi of sys-
tems being built and planned. The largest
project being planned offshore Europe is the
proposed SouthStreampipeline. It would move
Russian gas through the Black Sea to Bulgaria
through a 560-mi, 32-in. pipeline to be installed
in waters down to more than 7,300 ft. Gazprom
and Eni, the developers of South Stream proj-
ect, announced earlier this year that they will
make a fnal investment decision in November
and start construction in December.
The Middle East is the next most active
region, with nearly 1,100 mi of oil and gas
pipelines being built and planned. The most
notable project in this region and a big con-
tributor to the regions total is the proposed
South Asia Gas Enterprise (SAGE) pipeline
project, which proposes to move natural gas
from the Oman Middle East Compression Sta-
tion (MECS) to Gujarat, India, by building 807
mi of 24 to 27-in. pipe through the Arabian Sea,
in waters down to 11,100 ft. The project is cur-
rently under study, and project developers are
looking at a 2017 in-service date.
The South Pacifc is another active region
for offshore pipeline activity, with Chevrons
Gorgon and Wheatstone projects both having
associated pipeline systems as part of the de-
velopment projects. Work is currently under-
way on the 43-mi, 20-in. Gorgon gas trunkline,
with installation contractor Clough working to
complete the line before the end of the year.
The biggest offshore pipeline project in this
region is associated with the Ichthys project
offshore Western Australia. It calls for 552 mi
of 42-in. pipe to move gas from an offshore pro-
cessing facility to Darwin, Australia. An instal-
lation contract has been awarded to Saipem,
who will work toward a 2014 completion date.
In the Gulf of Mexico, Williams and DCP
Midstream Partners are pushing forward with
plans to extend the Discovery natural gas gath-
ering pipeline system. The Keathley Canyon
Connector involves the construction of a 215-mi,
20-in. pipeline. It will gather production from
the Keathley Canyon, Walker Ridge, and Green
Canyon areas in the central deepwater Gulf.
Construction is expected to begin next year, and
work toward a mid-2014 in-service date.
Also in the Gulf, Enterprise Products Part-
ners and Genesis Energy are developing plans
for a new crude oil gathering pipeline serving
the Lucius development area. The 149-mi,
18-in. SEKCO oil pipeline is would connect
the Lucius truss spar foating production plat-
form to an existing junction platform at South
Marsh Island 205. There, it would connect
to the Enterprise-operated Poseidon pipeline
system. The SEKCO oil pipeline is expected to
begin service by mid-2014.
Offshore South America, Petrobras is also
moving forward with plans to move gas from
the Guara and Lula Northeast FPSOs in its
Lula feld to other systems that will take the
gas to onshore markets.
The inaugural Global Offshore Pipeline Con-
struction Survey a detailed project-by-project
listing of all the major, large-diameter off-
shore oil and gas pipeline systems being built,
planned and studied makes its debut below.
Bruce Beaubouef
Managing Editor
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Right People. Right Solutions. Right Now.
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Global offshore pipeline construction survey
Max. Contractor
Length Pipe dia. Type of water Project and/or In-service
Company (miles) (in.) Location of project service depth (ft) status eng. firm target
South Stream AG 560 32 Russia to Europe via Black Sea Transmission, gas 7,381 Planned 2015
Statoil 298 36 Aasta Hansten field, Norwegian Sea, Transmission, gas 4,265 Under Study 2016
White Stream 780 20, 24, 42 Georgia to Ukraine and Romania Transmission, gas Under Study 2016
Pipeline Co. Ltd. via Black Sea
Xcite Energy 1.3 Rowan Norway production jackup Export, oil Await start Ocean Installer (C) 2012
to shuttle tanker, Bentley field, North Sea
Xcite Energy 1.3 Rowan Norway production jackup Export, oil Await start Ocean Installer (C) 2012
to shuttle tanker, Bentley field, North Sea
Total Miles 2,553
MIDDLE EAST
KGOC 29 12 Al Khafji Joint Operations complex Export, gas Technip (C) 2014
to Kuwait Oil Co. tie-in, offshore Kuwait
POGC 180 32 Salman offshore field, Persian Gulf, Sour gas Working IOEC (E&C) 2012
to onshore plant at Assaluyeh, Iran
POGC 68 South Pars field, Persian Gulf Sour gas Working Sadra Co. (C) 2012
South Asia Gas 807 24 to 27 Oman MECS to Gujarat, India, Transmission, gas 11,100 Under study 2017
Enterprise Pvt. Ltd. (SAGE) via Arabian Sea
Total Miles 1,084
AFRICA
Galsi SpA 354 22 to 48 Two lines from Koudiet Draouche, Transmission, gas Planned 2014
Algeria, to Porto Botte, Sardinia
Total Miles 354
SOUTH PACIFIC
Chevron 140 44 Wheatstone processing platform to Transmission, gas 229 INTECSEA (E) 2016
LNG plant, Ashburton North,
Western Australia
Chevron 43 20 Barrow Island, offshore Australia, Transmission, gas Working Clough (C) 2014
to Dampier
INPEX 552 42 Offshore processing facility to Darwin Transmission, gas 902 Planned Saipem (C) 2014
Total Miles 735
FAR EAST
CNOOC 162 30 Liwan gas platform to Gaolan Export oil/gas 230 Await start Offshore Oil 2012
gas plant, South China Sea two-phase Engineering Co.
Ltd. (E), Technip (C)
Husky Oil China 100 Dual 22 Infield pipelines, Liwan 3-1 field, Export oil/gas 4,921 Await start Saipem (EPCI) 2013
South China Sea two-phase
Total Miles 262
MEXICO
Pemex 48 36 Coastal Connecting Platform Working Dragados Offshore/ 2012
to onshore terminal, Dos Bocas Swiber (C)
Pemex 11 16 GoM Working Technip (C) 2012
Pemex 11 24 GoM Export, gas Working Technip (C) 2012
Total Miles 70
SOUTH AMERICA
Petrobras 236 24 Gathering manifold, Lula field, to Export, gas 7,218 Await start Saipem (EPCI) 2014
onshore processing plant, Macae district
Petrobras 33.6 18 Guara FPSO to subsea gathering Export, gas 7,218 Await start Saipem (EPCI) 2014
manifold, Lula field
Petrobras 13.7 18 Lula Northeast FPSO to subsea Export, gas 6,890 Await start Saipem (EPCI) 2014
gathering manifold, Lula field
Total Miles 283.3
GRAND TOTAL 5,840.40
Project status term definitions:
Under study project is currently undergoing feasibility, economic, technical or other preliminary studies
Planned project developers are currently in the process of obtaining required permits and regulatory approvals
Await start project has needed permits and approvals and is waiting on construction season or contractor availability
Working project is currently in the construction and installation phase
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moody gardens hotel & convention center | galveston, tx | november 6-8, 2012
The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 10th anniversary this year.
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_______________________
Owned & Produced By: Presented By: Supported By: Hosted By:
27 29 November 2012
Perth Convention Exhibition Centre | Perth, Australia
For more than 30 years Deep Offshore Technology (DOT) International has been showcasing pioneering
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developing
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19-21March2013
Internationa|ConferenceCentre,Accra,Ghana
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EMERGING
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Presentedby: Owned&Producedby: SupportingPublication: FollowOffshoreEventson:
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ABOUTOFFSHOREWESTAFRICA
OffshoreWestAfrica,theregionspremiertechnicalforumfocusedexclusivelyonWestAfricasoffshoreoil
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Pump Equipment & Services
86%OFOFFSHOREWESTAFRICA2012
EXHIBITORSIMPROVEDPROSPECTS
WITHINTHEREGION
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EXHIBITINGPACKAGE
CosttoExhibit:
Exhibitionspaceis$650pers/mraw.
Exhibitionspaceis$755pers/mwithshellscheme.
ForthelatestOffshoreWestAfrica2013FloorPlanpleasevisitwww.offshorewestafrica.com
DirectEventConnect
Inadditiontotheexhibitspaceabove,acompulsorybasicenhancedlistingontheExhibitionwebsites
interactive online community - DirectEventConnect - will be charged at a fat rate of $275.00. This fully
searchablecommunitywillgiveyourbuyersaccesstoyourinformationandprovideanopportunityforyou
tocommunicatewithpotentialcustomersbeforetheExhibition.
ln addition Enhanced Exhibitor Listing Upgrades are available on DirectEventConnect
SPONSORSHIPOPPORTUNITIES
Make more of your attendance at Offshore West Africa 2013. Sponsorship opportunities offer a great way
to enhance the profle and awareness of your company.
Whetheryourcompanyiswellestablishedintheregionorseekingnewbusinessopportunities,wecan
tailorauniquesponsorshippackagethatmeetswithyoureventobjectives.Contactustodiscussyour
sponsorshiprequirements.
Examplesofsponsorshipavailable:
Opening Session Sponsor Delegate Bag Sponsor
Opening Night Reception Sponsor visitor Bag Sponsor
Networking Reception Sponsor Technology Sponsor
Coffee Break Sponsor Conference Proceeding Online
Delegate Luncheon Sponsor Online Registration Sponsor
Registration & Badge Sponsor Speaker Appreciation Gifts Sponsor
Previous sponsors at Offshore West Africa events include Shell, TOTAL, MODEC, ABS, Halliburton,
ExxonMobil, FMC Technologies, Oil States, PetroBras, Chevron, Baker Hughes, J.Ray McDermott
andConocoPhillips.
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CONTACTS
ExhibitandSponsorshipSales
(Europe, Africa & Middle Eastj
TonyB.Moyo
Phone: + 44 (0j 1992 656 658
Fax: +44 (0j 1992 656 700
Email:tonybm@pennwell.com
(Asia Pacifcj
MichaelYee
Phone: +65 9616 8080
Email:yfyee@singnet.com.sg
(Nigeriaj
DeleOlaoye
Phone: +234 802 223 2864
Email:q-she@inbox.com
(The Americasj
DesireeReyes
Phone: +1 713 963 6283
Fax: +1 713 963 6212
Email:desireer@pennwell.com
WHYEXHIBITATOFFSHOREWESTAFRICA?
OffshoreWestAfricaisauniqueannualforumfortheindustry,withbothaworldclassconferencecombined
withtheexhibitionshowcasingthelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.Thisuniqueeventattractssenior
decisionmakers,enablingyoutomakecrucialcontactswithintheindustry.
lncrease company and brand awareness
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Launch new products and services
Target particular market areas
Meet customers and prospects face to face
Stay ahead of the competition
Gain direct access to an international audience
ofhighleveldecisionmakers
Please send me information about:
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BUSI NESS BRI EFS
People
STATS Group has appoint-
ed Angus Bowie as regional
director for the Middle East
North Africa.
Ensco plc has promoted
James W. Swent III to
executive vice president.
IHS has appointed Dr.
Daniel Yergin as vice chair-
man.
Ron Huff has joined Buccaneer Resources
as CFO.
Jiang Li Jun has resigned as vice chairman
and non-executive director of COSCO Corp.
Anadarko Petroleum Corp. has promoted
Doug Lawler to senior vice president, interna-
tional and deepwater operations, and will join
the executive committee.
Broad Cairn Group has
appointed Tony Robertson as
general manager of CairnToul
Tubular Services, Bill Walking-
shaw as general manager of
QTEC International, and Allan
Pritt as general manager of
CairnToul Well Equipment
Services.
The reorganized National Ocean Industries
Association staff includes Randall Luthi,
president; Faith Burns, executive assistant
to the president; Franki Stuntz, senior vice
president for administration and membership;
Ann Chapman, vice president for confer-
ences and special events; Luke Johnson, vice
president for policy and government affairs;
Jeff Vorberger, vice president for intergov-
ernmental and political affairs; Nicolette Nye,
vice president for communications and exter-
nal relations; and Robert Myers, director of
public affairs.
Independent Oil and Gas Ltd. has named
Mehdi Varzi as non-executive chairman.
Subsea 7 has appointed Ricardo Rosa as
CFO.
Knowledge Reservoir has appointed Dr.
Sheldon Gorell as vice president of technol-
ogy.
Quickfange has appointed Pl Falch as
sales manager for the North Sea, Thomas
Karlsen as sales engineer for Norway, Roy
Nedrebo as feld technician, and Kristin
Benjaminsen as administration and opera-
tions coordinator.
Reservoir Group has
appointed Simon Howes to
lead Interica, the companys
data management business.
Gazprom has elected
Viktor Zubkov as chairman
of the board of directors,
and Alexey Miller as deputy
chairman.
Edward A. Beaumont has assumed the
presidency of the American Association of
Petroleum Geologists.
MAN Diesel & Turbo has appointed Arnd
Lttgen as chief manufacturing offcer.
OGX has appointed Luiz Eduardo Gui-
mares Carneiro as CEO.
Tideland Signal Ltd. has appointed James
West as sales manager for Europe, North
Africa, and East Asia.
Mermaid Maritime has appointed Chal-
ermchai Mahagitsiri as executive vice
chairman.
Michel Moreno has resigned as chair-
man and CEO of Dynamic Energy Services
International. Emile Dumesnil will become
president and CEO.
William S. Chadwick, Jr. has retired as
executive vice president and COO of Ensco
plc. He is succeeded by Mark Burns.
Murphy Oil Corp. has
appointed Steve Coss as
president and CEO. He suc-
ceeds David Wood, who has
retired after a 17-year career at
the company. Murphys board
of directors also named Roger
Jenkins to the newly-created
position of COO.
Deloitte has appointed Moray Barber,
Shaun Reynolds, and Chris Hunter as
directors.
AGR has appointed Bill Fletcher as vice
president of well management for UK and
West Africa.
U.S. Steel has named Eric K. Schomer as
general manager- procurement.
Forest Oil has appointed Patrick R. Mc-
Donald as interim CEO.
Nina Udnes Tronstad has stepped down
as executive vice president for Kvaerners
Jackets business and president of Kvaerner
Verdal A/S. Senior VP Sverre Myklebust will
serve in both positions until a successor is
recruited.
Prospectiuni SA has ap-
pointed Eric Williams as
vice president West Africa,
and Rahul Gupta as vice
president Asia.
Andy Jones has returned
to Xodus Group as operations
director of the new offce in
Perth, Australia.
USON has appointed
Dave Foran as president,
and Gene Grilli as global
sales director.
Rocksource ASA has ap-
pointed Christopher Spen-
cer as permanent CEO.
Ashtead Technology has
appointed Graham Philip as
group deputy chairman. He will be primarily
responsible for the instruments division. In
the offshore division, the company has ap-
pointed Allan Pirie as CEO, and Mark Derry
as COO.
Altor Risk Group has named Matthew
Wardner as director of services, Paul Swinn
as team leader for Australia and Southeast
Asia, Dominic Webb as business unit leader
for the Middle East Africa and Central Asia
region, Rona Young as European business
unit leader, and Brian Davis will provide line
management to the teams across the Middle
East, Africa and Central Asia region.
Rocksource ASA has appointed Christo-
pher Spencer as CEO.
The corporate assembly of Statoil has
re-elected Olaug Svarva as chair and Idar
Kreutzer as deputy chair of the corporate
assembly. Svein Rennemo, Grace Reksten
Skaugen, Roy Franklin, Bjrn Tore Godal,
Lady Barbara Judge, and Jakob Stausholm
were re-elected as members of the board of
directors. Rennemo was re-elected as chair
of the board of directors. Marit Arnstad has
resigned as deputy chair and
member of the board.
Willbros Group Inc. has
appointed Michael Lee as
senior vice president of com-
mercial services in its oil and
gas segment.
Coretrax Technology Ltd.
has appointed Scott Laing
as business development
manager.
GDF Suez E&P UK has
appointed Oonagh Wer-
ngren as business manager
(external affairs and supply
chain) within its leadership
team.
Emerson Process Man-
agement has named Bret
Shanahan president of its
Roxar business unit.
Devin International has
named Harold Touchet as
operations manager.
Reservoir Group has
named Doug Kinsella as
managing director of the new
Corpro brand.
Company news
HB Rentals has completed the construc-
tion of a new 22,000-sq ft (2,044-sq m) facility
in Aberdeen, Scotland.
CNR International has contracted Cosalt
Offshore for lifting and mechanical handling
support services on fve platforms in the UK
northern North Sea.
Crowley Maritime Corp.s vessels have
received 67 Jones F. Devlin Awards for out-
standing safety records from the Chamber of
Shipping of America.
Bowie
Howes
Jones
Werngren
Foran
Shanahan
Touchet
Robertson, Pritt, Walkingshaw
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BUSI NESS BRI EFS
Hempel USA has acquired Blome
International as part of its strategic goal to
quadruple the protective coatings business.
Wintershall has opened a new global drill
core warehouse in Barnstorf, Germany.
Hyde Marine has named Scanunit Ab as
the exclusive sales agent in Sweden for Hyde
GUARDIAN ballast water treatment systems.
Raytheon Anschtz has established
Raytheon Anschuetz do Brasil Sistemas
Martimos Ltda. to expand its sales and
service activities in South America.
Fairfeld Energy has agreed terms for
new injection of equity from funds sponsored
by Riverstone Holdings LLC. Initially,
Riverstone will make a $150-million equity
commitment with the option of subscribing a
further $200 million.
Hallin Marine has signed a long-term
strategic alliance agreement with Romona
Inc. for projects throughout the Russian
Federation.
Stork Technical Services has secured a
three-year contract from CNR International
for integrated caisson integrity management
services across the companys UK continental
shelf assets. Stork also has opened an in-house
fabric maintenance training center at its facil-
ity in Aberdeen, UK.
Oil States Industries Inc. has entered
into a defnitive asset purchase agreement to
acquire Piper Valve Systems Ltd.
MacDermid Offshore Solutions has
started construction of the MacDermid Off-
shore Fluidos do Brasil manufacturing plant in
Cambe, Parana, Brazil.
Allied Training Services has partnered
with Maersk Training Aberdeen to provide
working at height and rigging and lifting train-
ing courses to Maersks customers.
EnerMech plans to open its frst offce in
Mumbai, India, and a workshop and storage
facility in Kakindada, Andrah Pradesh region.
J. Lauritzen A/S and HitecVision have
formed a 50/50 joint venture to focus on
ordering high-end semisubmersible ASVs ca-
pable of serving customers in the North Sea.
Clarus Technologies has named Ameri-
can Pollution Control Corp. the offcial Gulf
Coast distributor of the Oil-CAT and Oil-CAT
II fuel blending systems. AMPOL also has
added the Tornado Tank Cleaning System to
its service range.
Wood Group PSN has introduced a project
delivery arm to its business. The move is de-
signed to enhance WGPSNs ability to secure
and deliver large-scale North Sea projects.
InterMoor has launched MoorVision, a
software system that provides clear, up-to-date
photos of the infrastructure in any defned
area in the Gulf of Mexico using Google
Earth.
Siemens has acquired the connectors and
measurement division of Expro Group.
Glacier Energy Services has acquired
Site Machining Services Ltd.
Aker Solutions is making a $100-million in-
vestment to expand its production, assembly,
and testing capacity in Brazil to support the
countrys rig-building plans.
Bureau Veritas has acquired TH Hill,
which provides oil and gas drilling failure
prevention and analysis.
Tendeka plans to move its headquarters
to Abercrombie Court, Arnhall Business
Park, Westhill. The company will retain its
current premises in Peterseat Drive, Altens,
Aberdeen, and convert them into high-end
research and development, testing, and as-
sembly facilities.
Weatherford has acquired Petrowell Ltd.
Thrane & Thrane has expanded its work-
boat and fshing vessel VHF radio portfolio
with the launch of the new SAILOR 6217 VHF
DSC Class D AIS Receiver.
Coretrax Technology Ltd. has expanded
its range of services and products with the
launch of its wellbore chemical division.
Penspen has announced plans to open a
new offce in Mexico City.
Liquid Robotics Inc. and Schlumberger
have jointly created Liquid Robotics Oil &
Gas to supply wave-powered AUVs to the oil
and gas market. The venture aims to supply
Wave Glider technology combined with Sch-
lumbergers upstream technology services.
H2O Inc. has added the Monsoon self-
cleaning fltration system to its product line.
Expro has opened an operations base in
Paradise, Newfoundland.
Polar Star Consultants has been ap-
pointed oilfeld marketing services provider
for VeruTEK Technologies.
Apax Partners and JMI Equity have
agreed to acquire Paradigm Ltd. for $1 bil-
lion in cash.
Rosneft and ExxonMobil have agreed to
establish a joint Arctic Research Center for
Offshore Developments.
Cairn Energy subsidiary Capricorn has
made an agreed offer for London-based inde-
pendent Nautical Petroleum. The proposed
share transaction values Nautical at around
414 million ($644 million).
Subsea 7 has won the Tremendous Train-
ing and Development Award at this years
Cherries ceremony in recognition of its inno-
vative Engineering Conversion Program and
Graduate Engineering Development Scheme.
Aker Solutions has opened a lifecycle
services workshop in Songkhla, in the Gulf of
Thailand.
Lukoil Engineering and Schlumberger
have jointly opened the Center of Geologic Ex-
ploration Technologies in Moscow. The center
was established to prepare and integrate
studies of promising assets in Lukoils license
areas using advanced geological exploration
technologies and equipment supplied by
Schlumberger.
Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies has
established a new offce in Perth, Australia.
TGS has acquired Arcis Seismic Solu-
tions.
Variable Bore Rams has added a distribu-
tion center in Yoakum, Texas.
CGGVeritas has opened a new processing
and imaging center in Melbourne, Australia.
Dron & Dickson has expanded into the
Middle East market with the opening of a new
base in Dubai.
Falmouth Scientifc Inc. has added
Geomatrix Earth Science to its family of
manufacturers representatives.
ABCO Subsea has acquired MPV Corp.
ABB has won an order from Rickmers
Group to supply advisory systems for dy-
namic trim optimization and feet management
solutions for fve multi-purpose vessels.
Specialist Services Group has offcially
launched its hire feet in Aberdeen, UK.
Swire Oilfeld Services has opened two
new facilities in the Maca region of Rio de
Janeiro state, Brazil.
Reservoir Group has consolidated all its
coring activities under one brand, Corpro.
JSW Steel opens mill
to PennWell media
JSW Steel recently provided the
editors of Offshore and Oil & Gas
Journal with an informational tour of
its pipe and plate mills in Baytown,
Texas. Located 30 mi east of Hous-
ton, the mill first opened in 1971 to
manufacture line pipe for the Alaskan
pipeline project. Today, the facility is
one of only three plate mills in North
America capable of rolling widths of
160 in. and thicknesses up to 6 in.
The mill provides line pipe to both
the onshore and offshore oil and gas
market.
JSW Steels 650-acre complex is located in
Baytown, Texas.
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Display Ads: $235.00 per column inch. Same discount as above. 15% agency commission. $235.00 minimum charge for inser-
tions. Page size is 3 columns wide by 10 inches deep. One Column = 2.25 wide, Two Columns = 4.75 wide, Three Columns = 7
wide. Minimum Size: 1 Column X 1 Inch.
Deadline for classied advertising is the 15th of the month preceding publication. Contact Glenda Harp, (918) 832-9301, or
fax your ad for a quote (918) 832-9201. E-mail: glendah@pennwell.com
No special position available in classied.
CL AS S I F I E D ADVE RT I S I NG
EMPLOYMENT WANTED EMPLOYMENT
Representet|vefor theoffshore|mer|ne
bus|nessofKoreen sh|pyerds
(HHI, DSME & SHI)
Very long experience in Korean shipyards as a
technical sales manager.
Mr. Simon Kim
E-MAIL: collimation2731@hanmail.net
Cell phone: +82 (0)10 6560 3619
MECH DESIGN/OCEAN ENGINEER
Sound & Sea Technology has an opening in
Ventura CA. Position requires 3-4 years ocean
engrg or related exp, BS degree, Solid Works,
and be a quick study. Nearshore/offshore
projects. Visit www.soundandsea.com
Email careers@soundandsea.com
Indepth reports on activity and spending
The World Offshore Drilling Spend Forecast
The World Floating Production Market
The World Offshore Oil & Gas Production &
Spend Forecast
The AUV Gamechanger Report
The World Deepwater Market Report
The World Offshore Wind Report
The World FLNG Market Report
Subsea Processing Gamechanger
Offshore Oil and Gas Industry of Russia and CIS:
Outlook to 2020
Provides a detailed analysis of all current and projected
offshore projects and develops an outlook for their
development to 2020.
Surveys in Excel Spreadsheets for easy analysis
US Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Discoveries & Status
Worldwide Seismic Vessel Survey
Global Field Development Survey
Rotary Steerable Tool Directory
Production Projects Worldwide
Construction Projects Worldwide
Directories that download to your desktop
Offshore E&P Industry Worldwide
Pipeline Industry Worldwide
Statistical Tables in Excel (Historical)
Offshore Crude Oil Production - Monthly
Offshore Gross Withdrawals of Natural Gas - Annual
GOM Federal Offshore Production - Annual
North Sea Crude Oil Production Monthly
US Active Seismic Crew Counts - Monthly
918-831-9421 or orcinfo@pennwell.com
www.ogjresearch.com
Strategic Data from PennEnergy
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Offshore Middle East is a conference and exhibition that not only
delivers information on offshore operations, but also provides the
opportunity meet, network, and exchange ideas and experiences
with your industry peers. This unique event offers unrivalled access
to key decision makers, management and offshore engineering
and operations professionals from within the offshore oil and
gas industries.
Register now for the Middle Easts premier offshore oil & gas
event and gain access to:
The latest technological advances
Innovation and inspiration
Unrivalled networking opportunities
The future of the offshore industry
Business and Industry leading opinions and viewpoints
Jane Bailey
Middle East and Europe
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 651
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: janeb@pennwell.com
Michael Yee
South East Asia
T: +65 9616 8080
F: +65 6734 0655
E: yfyee@singnet.com.sg
Peter Cantu
USA
T: +1 713 963 6213
F: +1 713 963 6212
E: peterc@pennwell.com
For further information on exhibiting and sponsorship opportunities please contact:
OWNED AND PRODUCED BY: PRESENTED BY: SUPPORTED BY: SUPPORTING PUBLICATIONS:
ORGANIZED BY:
HOSTED BY:
INVESTING IN
OFFSHORE
MATTERS
UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF
H.E. Dr. Mohammed Bin Saleh Al-Sada
Minister of Energy & Industry
State of Qatar
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
21 - 23 JANUARY 2013
QATAR NATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE
DOHA, QATAR
WWW.OFFSHOREMIDDLEEAST.COM
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT WWW.OFFSHOREMIDDLEEAST.COM
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_________________________________
________________________________________
2 0 1 3 S U B S E A T I E B A C K F O R U M & E X H I B I T I O N
MARCH 5 7, 2013
Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center San Antonio, Texas USA
www.SubseaTiebackForum.com
In recent years, the subsea industry has seen many technological challenges, engineering demands, resource availability issues, Quality
Assurance requirements, manufacturing constraints, and most recently, changes in the governmental regulatory agencies affecting existing
standards and/or processes. The Subsea Tieback Forum & Exhibition will provide information and the opportunity for you to exchange ideas
to address many of these concerns and challenges.
The Subsea Tieback Forum & Exhibition has become the premier event for one of the fastest growing sectors of the oil and gas industry.
Next years Subsea Tieback Forum & Exhibition is scheduled for March 5-7, 2013 in San Antonio, TX at the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention
Center. Visit www.subseatiebackforum.com for up-to-date information about the event. You cant afford to miss it!
Supporting Organization Online Registration Sponsor
Hog Heaven Title Sponsor &
Show Guide Bellyband Sponsor
Thursday Luncheon Sponsor
Owned &
Produced by
Presented by
Silver Sponsor Gold Sponsor Platinum Sponsor
Bottled Water Coffee Break
Supported by Hosted by
Wednesday Networking Reception
Opening Night Networking Reception
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PENNWELL PETROLEUM GROUP
1455 West Loop South, Suite 400, Houston, TX 77027
PHONE +1 713 621 9720 FAX +1 713 963 6228
David Davis (Worldwide Sales Manager)
davidd@pennwell.com
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GREATER HOUSTON AREA, TX
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SINGAPORE
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INDIA
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71 Allen Ave, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
PHONE +234 805 687 2630 or +234 802 223 2864
Dele Olaoye q-she@inbox.com
SALES OFFICES
A
Aker Solutions
........................................23
www.akersolutions.com/subsea
Alimak Hek AB
........................................93
www.alimakhek.com
Allseas Group SA
.....................................3
www.alleas.com
ASTICAN
..................................................61
www.astican.es
B
Baker Hughes
.........................................63
www.bakerhughes.com
BigLift Shipping
.................................... 103
www.bigliftshipping.com
C
Cameron
....................................................9
www.c-a-m.com
Canusa CPS
............................................81
canusa.com
CORTEC Fluid Control
...........................87
www.uscortec.com
COSCO Shipyard Group
........................35
www.cosco-shipyard.com
D
Delmar Systems, Inc. ..............................56
www.delmarus.com
Delta Rigging & Tools ............................. 11
www.deltarigging.com
Draeger .................................................... 17
www.draeger.com
Dril-Quip ....................................................1
www.dril-quip.com
E
EMAS Subsea Services, LLC ............... 109
www.emas.com
Emerson Process Management SRL ....51
EmersonProcess.com
F
FMC Technologies ................................. C4
www.fmctechnologies.com
Forum Energy Technologies ..................29
www.f-e-t.com
Frank Mohn Flatoy AS ............................ 15
www.framo.com
Frontics America, Inc. .............................44
www.fronticsamerica.com
G
Gusto MSC
..............................................99
www.GustoMSC.com
GVA Consultants AB
..............................48
www.gvac.se
H
Halliburton
...............................................65
www.halliburton.com
Hardbanding Solutions
..........................37
www.hardbandingsolutions.com
Heerema Marine Contractors
................. 19
www.heerema.com
Hornbeck Offshore Services, Inc.
.........43
www.hornbeckoffshore.com
HSM Steel Structures
............................. 16
www.hsm.nl
Hydratight
................................................61
www.hydratight.com
I
IHC Merwede Offshore & Marine ...........60
www.ihcmerwede.com
IPLOCA ....................................................66
www.iploca.com
J
JD Neuhaus
............................................. 13
www.jdngroup.com
Jumbo Offshore VOF
..............................45
www.jumbo-offshore.nl
K
Karmsund Maritime Offshore Supply
...53
www.kamos.no
L
Lloyds Register North America, Inc. ....47
www.lr.org/energy
M
Managed Pressure Operations .........38-39
www.managed-pressure.com
MECO. ......................................................49
www.meco.com
Mokveld Valves. .......................................33
www.mokveld.com
N
National Oilwell Varco. ............................25
www.nov.com/xlsystems
National Oilwell Varco. ............................96
www.nov.com/fps
Newpark Drilling Fluids. .........................27
www.newparkdf.com
Nylacast. ....................................................8
www.nylacast.com
O
Offshore Mediterranean Conference ... 101
www.omc.it
OMC Ship Management, LLC. ................95
www.oceanicmc.com
ORR Safety. .............................................41
www.orrsafety.com/KONG
P
PennWell
Deep Offshore Technology
Conference & Exhibition ........... 48, 112
Deepwater Operations
Conference & Exhibition ..........102, 111
Offshore Group ....................... 105, 117
Offshore Middle East
Conference & Exhibition .................121
www.offshoremiddleeast.com
Offshore West Africa
Conference & Exhibition .......... 113-116
www.offshorewestafrica.com
Subsea Tieback Forum &
Exhibition .........................................122
www.subseatiebackforum.com
Topsides, Platforms & Hulls
Conference & Exhibition .............83, 88
www.TopsidesEvent.com
POLARCUS .............................................91
www.polarcus.com
PWP Global .............................................31
www.pwpglobal.com
R
Rolls-Royce Marine.................................92
www.rolls-royce.com
S
Schlumberger ........................................ C2
www.slb.com
ShawCor ..................................................67
www.shawcor.com
Siemens AG ...............................................7
www.siemens.com
Sound & Sea Technology, Inc. ............. 120
www.soundandsea.com
STX Norway Offshore AS .......................57
www.stxosv.com
Subsea 7 ..................................................59
www.subsea7.com
T
TD Williamson ........................................ C3
www.tdwilliamson.com
Tetra Technologies ................................. 14
www.tetratec.com
Trade House TMK ....................................55
www.tmk-group.com
V
Van Beest BV......................................... 107
www.vanbeest.com
VICINAY CADENAS .................................89
www.vicinaycadenas.com
W
Walter Stauffenberg GmbH
& Co. KG ..................................................82
www.stauff.com
WASCO ENERGY GROUP OF
COMPANIES ............................................52
www.wascoenergy.com
Weatherford ...........................................4, 5
weatherford.com
Wild Well Control ....................................21
www.wildwell.com
Wood Group Mustang ............................85
www.mustangeng.com
The index of page numbers is provided as a service.
The publisher does not assume any liability for error
or omission.
ADVERTISERS INDEX
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This page refects viewpoints on the political, economic, cultural, technological, and environmental issues that shape the future of the petroleum industry. Offshore
Magazine invites you to share your thoughts. Email your Beyond the Horizon manuscript to David Paganie at davidp@pennwell.com.
BEYOND THE HORI ZON
When the European Commission published its proposals to cen-
tralize offshore safety and environmental regulation, its stated aim
was to create common standards across Europe. It acknowledged
the existing world-class regimes of the North Sea countries and
sought to use these as a template which other, less established coun-
tries should raise their standards to meet.
Oil & Gas UK, the trade association for the UK offshore oil and
gas industry, welcomes the European Commissions broad intent to
improve safety by leveling up the rest with the best, but is strongly
opposed to the formof legislation proposed a regulation. Why? Oil
& Gas UK believes it will result in the opposite of its intended aim
and actually weaken safety.
As a major hazard industry, safety comes before everything else.
The UK has well established and competent regulators, with de-
cades of valuable knowledge and experience. The pivotal moment
for the UK was the Piper Alpha disaster 24 years ago, which led to a
fundamental change in the way safety was managed offshore.
So to shift the overall regulatory control away from member states
over to Brussels, where there is no relevant experience or technical
competence in these matters, represents a serious and unnecessary
risk to the safety of offshore workers. Furthermore, the proposed
EU legislation would require the UK government to revoke all its
own world-class safety legislation and regulation to the extent it cov-
ers the same or similar ground to the EU regulation. That would be
a highly retrograde process involving signifcant cost and time, all
to no added value. Indeed it would prejudice UK offshore safety by
diverting a signifcant amount of regulatory resources away from
front-line issues and toward this wholly unconstructive labor.
An additional safety risk comes from the huge administrative bur-
den that operators would face when having to replace their safety
cases with new major hazard reports, which would then have to
be assessed and processed by regulators at a national level. The
backlog of work for regulators would be considerable, and there
is again the risk that regulators attentions could be diverted away
from front-line work to dealing with this backlog.
Both the UK and Scottish governments and all the leading politi-
cal parties in the UK are aligned in opposition to the EU Commis-
sions proposed regulation, which is seen as confusing and counter-
productive. They agree that it would require a signifcant upheaval
to change what is already a strong safety regime, and that there
would be no perceivable gain to safety from doing so.
The leading UK trade unions, RMT and Unite, have also come to
the same conclusion and have issued a joint statement with Oil &
Gas UK that the EU Commissions proposals would seriously erode
workforce safety. This joint statement mirrors similar alignments
between industry and unions opposed to the proposals in both Nor-
way and the Netherlands where strong opposition to the Commis-
sions plans have also been voiced.
A crucial point around the irrelevancy of the regulation is that
90% of all the oil and gas produced in Europe comes from just three
member states the UK, the Netherlands, and Denmark. These
countries are, of course, the North Sea neighboring nations which
the European Commission already regards as having world-class
safety regimes.
Norway, not an EU member but part of the European Economic
Area (EEA), has decided the proposed regulation is not within the
scope of the EEA and therefore not applicable to Norwegian wa-
ters. Given that offshore oil and gas activity in Norwegian waters ac-
counts for approximately half of all such activity in Europe, it there-
fore seems clear that the proposed regulation cannot now achieve its
stated objectives and needs to be rethought.
Oil & Gas UK has been somewhat encouraged to hear that at a
recent Energy Council meeting, Commissioner Gnther Oettinger
indicated the potential for fexibility in the Commissions approach
to this matter. The association is ready to work with all interested
parties to construct a well-worded directive that would encourage
member states that do not currently achieve the recognized high
standards present in the North Sea, to do so in a way which blends
with established legislation. This would protect the existing strong
safety regime in the UK and other North Sea countries, minimize
inappropriate disruption to operators and regulators, and eliminate
the additional risk that the proposed regulation presents.
Malcolm Webb
CEO, Oil & Gas UK
European Commissions proposed
regulation hinders safety
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______________________

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August 2012

Youll call it money

6 Of fshore August 2012 www.offshore-mag.com

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