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ε®Ä®o y f ( x)
f ( x h) f ( x )
f '( x) lim
dy
dx h0 h
f ( x h) f ( x )
oµµ¤µ¦®µnµ lim Åo
h0 h
¨¼Ãn(chain rule)
oµ y f (u ) ¨³ u g ( x) ¨³
f ( y)
dx d
dx x
y f ( x)
1
f '( y ) 0
dy 1
dx f '( y )
®¦º° f ( x) '
1 1
f ' f ( x)
1
´ª°¥nµ ε®Ä®o f ( x) x 2 , x 0
®µnµ f ( x) '
1
´ª°¥nµ ε®Ä®o f ( x) x 2 , x 0
®µnµ f ( x) '
1
°»¡´r
°¢{r´´
oµµ¤µ¦®µ°»¡´ r
° y f ( x) ¸É»(a,b) Åo¨oª
°»¡´r
°¢{r´ ´ y f ( x) ¸É»(b,a) ¤¸nµÁnµÄ?
1
f 1
( x) '
1
f ' f 1 ( x )
°»¡´r
°¢{r´´
oµµ¤µ¦®µ°»¡´ r
° y f ( x) ¸É»(a,b) Åo¨oª
°»¡´r
°¢{r´ ´ y f ( x) ¸É»(b,a) ¤¸nµ
1
³Á®ÈÅoªnµÄµ¦®µ°»¡´ r
°¢{r´´¸É»(b,a)
Á¦µÅ¤nεÁ}o°®µ¢{r´´n°ÈÅoεĮo¨Áª¨µÄ
µ¦Îµª¨Åo
f ( x) 1
x
´ª°¥nµ ε®Ä®o
®µnµ f (2) '
1
2
´ª°¥nµ ε®Ä®o f ( x) x 2
3
(2, 6)
´ª°¥nµ ε®Ä®o f ( x) 3
1
3 x
f 1
( x) '
1
f ' f 1 ( x)
y cos ( x)
1
f 1
( x) '
1
f ' f ( x)
1
y tan ( x)
1
f 1
( x) '
1
f ' f ( x)
1
y sin ( x)
1 dy
dx
y cos ( x)
1 dy
dx
y tan ( x)
1 dy
dx
 f ®´
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ n°Å¸Ê
y sec ( x)
1
y csc ( x)
1
y cot ( x)
1
°»¡´r
°¢{r´¨°µ¦·¹¤
log a x h log a x
log a x lim
d
Á¦µ¡ªnµ h 0
dx h
log a x h log a x
log a x lim
d
dx h 0 h
xh
lim
1
log a
h 0 h x
x h
1
lim log a
h
h 0 x
1
h
lim log a 1
h
h 0 x
1
h
1
log a x lim log a 1
d
dx h 0
x
h
x
xh
1
lim log a 1
x
h 0
h
x 1
hx
1
lim log a 1
h 0
x
h
1
x
h
x
1
lim log a 1
x
h0
h
x
h
1
lim log a 1
1
x
h0 x
h
x
h
1
lim log a 1
1
x h0 x
h
x
h
1
log a lim 1
1
x
h0
x
h
x
h
1
嵤 lim 1 ?
h 0
x
h
oµÎµ®Ä®o n x
h
¡ªnµÁ¤ºÉ° h 0 ³Åoªnµ n
x
h
´´Ê 1
lim 1
h 0
x
h
1
n
n 1
n
1 2
10 2.5937424601
100 2.70481382942153
1,000 2.71692393223552
10,000 2.71814592682436
100,000 2.71826823719753
1,000,000 2.71828046915643
10,000,000 2.71828169398037
´´Ê
x
h
1 1
n
¨³Á¦µÄo´¨´¬r
e 2.718281828459045
log a x h log a x
log a x lim
d
Á¦µ¡ªnµ h 0
dx h x
h
1
log a lim 1
1
x
h0
x
h
log a e
1
x
log a x log a e
d 1
dx x
¨³¤´Äo´¨´¬r ln x log e x
e 2.718281828459045
Á¦µÁ¦¸¥ ln x °¨-Á°ÈÁ°Èr®¦º°
¨È°rÁ°Èr
®¤µ¥Á®» Ä®´º°µÁ¨n¤°µ³Äo´¨´¬r
log x  ln x
ÂnĪ·µCalculus II ¸Ê ³Ä®o log x log10 x
ln x log e x
ln x ln e
d 1
dx x
1
x
d ln x
log a x
d
dx dx ln a
»¤´·
°¢{r´ ln x
1. ln xy ln x ln y
ln
x
2.
y
3. ln x
n
1
4. ln n
x
5. ln e
6. ln1
7. ln 0
8. log a b
ln b
ln a
ln b
1
9.
log b e
10. e ln b
e ln 2
°»¡´r
°¢{r´Á¨
¸Êε¨´
ye
dy
x
®µnµ
dx
ÁºÉ°µ f ( x) e Á}¢{r´´
°
1 x
f ( x) ln x
´´Ê f 1
( x) '
oµ y e
x
x dy de
dx dx
oµ y a x
dy
dx
¦» dy
y dx
ln x
log a x
x
e
x
a
 f ®´
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ n°Å¸Ê
ye 5x
ye 4 x x2
y ( x 2 x 2)e
2 x
y xe e
x x
e x
y ln x
1 e
ye sin x
ln x x
2
ye sin x
ln x 2
x
y2 x
y log 2 x
y log 2 x
2 x e2
y ln
2 2x 2
µ¦Äo¢{r´¨°µ¦·¹¤nª¥Äµ¦®µ°»¡´r
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ y x x
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ y x 1 x
3 2
x 1
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ y 5 x 1
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ y ( x 1) x
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ y x sin x
 f ®´
Äo¢{ r´¨°µ¦·¹¤nª¥Äµ¦®µ°»¡´ r
°¢{r´n°Å¸Ê
x 8 x3 1
2 1/ 3
y
x6 7 x 5
3
y
sin x cos x tan x
x
yx x
y (sin x) x
y (ln x) ln x
y (ln x) tan x
¢{r´ űÁ¡°¦rè·
Hyperbolic Functions
¢{r´Å±Á¡°¦rè·Á}¢{r´¡¸·
° e x
x
¨³¹
e ɤ¸¨´¬³µ°¥nµ¨oµ¥´¢{r´
¦¸Ã¤··
·¥µ¤
e e x
sech x
x
cosh x
2
e e
x x
sinh x csch x
2
tanh x coth x
cosh x sinh x
2 2
cosh x sinh x cosh x sinh x
2 2 2 2
1
cosh x cosh x cosh x cosh x
2 2 2 2
cosh x sinh x
2 2
1
sinh x sinh x
2 2
°»¡´r
d e e
x x
cosh x
d
dx
dx 2
d e e
x x
sinh x
d
dx
dx 2
d e e
x x
tanh x
d
dx x
dx e e
x
d 2
sech x
d
dx x
dx e e
x
d 2
csch x
d
dx x
dx e e
x
d e e
x x
coth x
d
dx x
dx e e
x
cosh x sinh x sech x sech x tanh x
d d
dx dx
dx dx
 f ®´
®µ°»¡´r
°¢{r´ n°Å¸Ê
2x 1
y 6sinh
3
y 2 x tanh x
y ln sinh x
y (4 x 2 1)csch ln 2 x