MATEMTICAS I. 1 BACHILLERATO.

UNIDAD 12: DERIVADAS. APLICACIONES.

Matematicas-ccnn1.blogspot.com 1/5
DERIVADAS. APLICACIONES II

1.) Calcula las siguientes derivadas
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
4
5 sen 3x = = = = f x
3
Lnx 5x = = = = y ( (( ( ) )) )
x 4
1 e

= + = + = + = + f x
( (( ( ) )) )
3
2
x 3cosx
= == = y
3
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2
x
1
1 e

= == =
+ ++ +
f x ( (( ( ) )) )
3x
1 Ln
1 x
| | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | | |

\ \ \ \
f x
2.) Sea ( (( ( ) )) ) x 3 = = = = f x .Halla aplicando la definicin de derivada ( (( ( ) )) ) 4 f' . Comprueba el resultado aplicando las reglas
de derivacin.
3.) Estudia (dominio, puntos de corte con los ejes, crecimiento y decrecimiento, mx y mn., curvatura, puntos de
inflexin, asntotas) y representa la funcin ( (( ( ) )) )
2
x
f x
x 3
= == =
+ ++ +

4.) Determina k para que la funcin ( (( ( ) )) )
k
f x x
x
= = = = tenga un mximo para x = 1.
5.) Calcula la derivada de ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ] ]] ]
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
2x 4x 1, si x ,2
f x
x 2x 1, si x 2,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +


.
6.) Halla el valor de a, b y c para que la funcin ( (( ( ) )) )
3 2
f x x ax bx c = + + + = + + + = + + + = + + + tenga una tangente en ( (( ( ) )) ) 1, 2 cuya
pendiente sea 2, y cumpla que su segunda derivada en el punto x = 0 valga 4.
7.) Haz un estudio de la funcin ( (( ( ) )) )
2
2x x 3
f x
x

= == = y represntala.
8.) Calcula a para que la funcin ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ] ]] ]
( (( ( ) )) )
2
ax 1, si x ,0
f x
x a, si x 0,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +


sea continua en x = 0. Para ese valor de a la funcin
es derivable en ese punto.
9.) Halla el valor de b y m para que la curva
3 2
f(x) x bx mx 1 = + + + = + + + = + + + = + + + tenga en el punto A (0,1) una inflexin y la
pendiente de la recta tangente valga 1.
10.) Estudia y representa la funcin
2
x 2x 2
y
x 1
+ + + +
= == =

.
11.) Dada la funcin ( (( ( ) )) )
[ [[ [ ] ]] ]
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
x kx, si x 0,2
f x
x 6x 8, si x 2,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +


.
a) Calcula el valor de k para que la funcin sea continua en x = 2.
b) Para este valor de k comprueba que existe ( (( ( ) )) ) f ' 2
12.) Calcula los valores de a y b para que ( (( ( ) )) )
x b, si x 1
f x
bx a, si x 1
+ < + < + < + <
= == =

+ + + +

sea derivable en todo R.

SOLUCIONES DE LOS EJERCICIOS PROBLEMAS:

1.)
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
4 3
f ' x 4 5 sen 5 sen 3x 3x 3cos 3x = = = = = = = = f x
( (( ( ) )) )
3
2
3
3 3
1
15x
1 15x
x
f ' x
2 Lnx 5x 2x Lnx
x
5
L 5
x
nx = = = =


= = = = = = = =

y
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
x x 4 4
1 e f ' x e

= + = + = + = + = == = f x
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
3
2
2
2
f ' x x 3cos
x 3cosx
x 2x 3senx

= == = = + = + = + = + y
3

( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
x x
x
4 3
x
2
x x
2 1 e e
2e
f ' x
1 e
1
e 1 e 1

= == =
+ ++ +
= = = = = = = =
+ + + + + + + + + ++ +
f x
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2
3 1 x 1 3x
1 x 1
f ' x
3x
x 1 x
1 x
3x
1 Ln
1 x

| | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | | |

\ \ \ \


= = = = = = = =


f x

2.)
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0
1 h 1 1 h 1
f 4 h f 4 1 h 1 0 h 1
f ' 4 lim lim lim lim
h h 0 2
h 1 h 1 h 1 h 1
f 4 h 1 h
f x x 3
f 4 1

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = + + = + + = + + = +

= = = =

= == =



Aplicando reglas de derivacin ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
1 1
f ' x f ' 4
2 2 x 3
= == = = == =



3.)
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
3
x 6x
f ' x
x 3
18
f '' x
x 3
+ ++ +
= == =
+ ++ +
= == =
+ ++ +

Asntotas
x 3 A.V.
y x 3 A.O.
= = = =

= = = =








-24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
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MATEMTICAS I. 1 BACHILLERATO.
UNIDAD 12: DERIVADAS. APLICACIONES.
Matematicas-ccnn1.blogspot.com 3/5
4.) Para que la funcin tenga un mximo debe ocurrir que ( (( ( ) )) ) f ' 1 0 = = = =
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2
k
f ' x 1
x
f ' 1 1 k 0 k 1
= + = + = + = +
= + = = + = = + = = + = = = = =


5.) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ] ]] ]
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
2x 4x 1, si x ,2
f x
x 2x 1, si x 2,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +



Primero hay que estudiar la continuidad. En ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ,2 2, + + + + U es continua por ser polinmica. Estudiamos la
continuidad en el punto de ruptura x = 2.
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2
x 2 x 2
2
x 2 x 2
lim f x lim 2x 4x 1 1 f 2
lim f x lim x 2x 1 1

+ + + + + + + +



= + = = = + = = = + = = = + = =


` `` `
= + = = + = = + = = + =
) )) )
. Por lo tanto, continua en R.

En ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ,2 2, + + + + U derivable por se funcin polinmica.
Derivamos ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
4x 4, si x ,2
f ' x
2x 2, si x 2,


= == =

+ + + +


Se ha excluido el punto de ruptura.
Estudiamos la derivada en el punto de ruptura
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
f ' 2 4
x 2
f ' 2 2

+ ++ +

= == =

= == =

= == =


( (( ( ) )) ) f ' 2
Conclusin: ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2x 4, si x ,2
f ' x
2x 2, si x 2,


= == =

+ + + +



6.) ( (( ( ) )) )
3 2
f x x ax bx c = + + + = + + + = + + + = + + +
Pasa por ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) 1, 2 f 1 2 1 a b c 2 = = = = + + + = + + + = + + + = + + + =
( (( ( ) )) ) m 2 f ' 1 2 3 2a b 2 = == = = == = + + = + + = + + = + + =
( (( ( ) )) ) f ' 0 4 2a 4 = == = = == =
Resolvemos el sistema a 2,b 5,c 0 = = = = = = = = = = = =
Conclusin: ( (( ( ) )) )
3 2
f x x 2x 5x = + = + = + = +

7.) ( (( ( ) )) )
2
2x x 3
f x
x

= == =
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
3
2x 3
f ' x
x
6
f ' x
x
+ ++ +
= == =
= = = =

Asntotas
x 0 A.V.
y 2x 1 A.O.
= == =

= = = =




-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
x
y

Observa que la primera derivada no se anula. No tendr mximos ni mnimos.
Tambin ocurre esto en su segunda derivada. No habr puntos de inflexin.

8.) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ] ]] ]
( (( ( ) )) )
2
ax 1, si x ,0
f x
x a, si x 0,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +



Forzamos la continuidad en x = 0. Punto de ruptura.
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
2
x 0 x 0
x 0 x 0
x 0 x 0
lim f x lim ax 1 1 f 0
lim f x lim f x f 0 a 1
lim f x lim x a a

+ + + +
+ + + + + + + +




= + = = = + = = = + = = = + = =

= = = = = = = = = == =
` `` `
= + = = + = = + = = + =

) )) )


La funcin queda como ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
[ [[ [ ) )) )
2
x 1, si x ,0
f x
x 1, si x 0,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +




Comprobemos si existe f(0). Como x = 0 es un punto de ruptura vamos a trabajar con derivadas laterales.
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2x, si x ,0
f ' x
1, si x 0,


= == =

+ + + +


Observa que he derivado y que te tomado intervalos abiertos. x = 0 no lo he cogido
porque todava no se si existe su derivada.
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
f ' 0 0
x 0
f ' 0 1

+ ++ +

= == =

= == =

= == =


( (( ( ) )) ) f ' 0

9.)
3 2
f(x) x bx mx 1 = + + + = + + + = + + + = + + +
Punto de inflexin en ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) 0,1 f '' 0 0 0 2b 0 = == = + = + = + = + =
Pendiente sea 1 en ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) 0,1 f ' 0 1 0 m 1 = == = + = + = + = + =
Solucin: m 1,b 0 = = = = = = = =

10.)
2
x 2x 2
y
x 1
+ + + +
= == =


( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
3
x 2x
y'
x 1
2
y''
x 1

= == =

= == =


Asntotas
x 1 A.V.
y x 1 A.O.
= == =

= = = =




Tiene un mx. en (0, 2) y un mn. en (2,2)
No tiene puntos de inflexin.
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MATEMTICAS I. 1 BACHILLERATO.
UNIDAD 12: DERIVADAS. APLICACIONES.
Matematicas-ccnn1.blogspot.com 5/5

11.) ( (( ( ) )) )
[ [[ [ ] ]] ]
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
x kx, si x 0,2
f x
x 6x 8, si x 2,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +



a) Continuidad en x = 2
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
2
x 2 x 2
2
x 2 x 2
x 2 x 2
lim f x lim x kx 4 2k f 2
lim f x lim f x f 2 k 2
lim f x lim x 6x 8 0

+ + + +
+ + + + + + + +




= + = + = = + = + = = + = + = = + = + =

= = = = = = = = = == =
` `` `
= + = = + = = + = = + =
) )) )

b) ( (( ( ) )) )
[ [[ [ ] ]] ]
( (( ( ) )) )
2
2
x 2x, si x 0,2
f x
x 6x 8, si x 2,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + + + + + +



En [ [[ [ ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) 0,2 2, + + + + U la funcin es derivable por ser continua. ( (( ( ) )) )
[ [[ [ ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
2x 2, si x 0,2
f ' x
2x 6, si x 2,
+ + + +

= == =

+ + + +



Estudiamos la derivada en x = 2 con derivadas laterales
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
f ' 2 2
f ' 2 2
f ' 2 2

+ ++ +

= = = =

= = = =

= = = =




12.) ( (( ( ) )) )
x b, si x 1
f x
bx a, si x 1
+ < + < + < + <
= == =

+ + + +


f(x) es continua en ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ,1 1, + + + + U por se funcin polinmica. Debemos forzar la continuidad en x = 1.
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1
lim f x lim x b 1 b
lim f x lim f x f 1 a 1
lim f x lim bx a b a f 1

+ + + +
+ + + + + + + +



= + = + = + = + = + = + = + = +

= = = = = = = = = == =
` `` `
= + = + = = + = + = = + = + = = + = + =

) )) )

Luego ( (( ( ) )) )
x b, si x 1
f x
bx 1, si x 1
+ < + < + < + <
= == =

+ + + +

. Esta funcin es derivable en ( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) ) ,1 1, + + + + U por ser continua y polinmica.
Vamos a forzar que sea derivable en x = 1. Recuerda que previamente hemos forzado su continuidad.
( (( ( ) )) )
1, si x 1
f ' x
b, si x 1
< << <
= == =

> >> >


( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
f ' 1 1
x 1 b 1
f ' 1 b

+ ++ +

= == =

= == = = == =

= == =