How does the human heart function?

Name: Mia Date: Tuesday 22nd January 2013 Introduction:

The purpose of this Lab experiment is to show the similarities and differences the Human and Pig Heart have in common. There are some differences between the Human Heart and the Pig Heart. The weight is a big difference as the Pig Heart weighs 442.5g and the human heart only weighs 257g. The size is also different, the Pig Heart is 8cm long an the Human Heart is only 3.5cm long. The Pig Heart valve are similar to the Human Heart since they are interchangeable.

Research questions:
The purpose of this experiment is to nd out how the human heart functions and how it is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts.

By the end, you should know: What a human heart looks like (have a labeled diagram) What the different measurements are for the human heart An average human heart

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

weighs 275 grams. Roughly the size of your st. 5 inches long, 3.5 inches wide, and 2.5 inches in depth. How the human heart functions, and how this function is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts

The pig has a similar circular system to that of humans. In pigs, it mainly consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels and is responsible for circulation of blood and nutrients throughout the body.

How human hearts are different from and similar to other mammalian hearts, especially pig hearts
How is the pig HEART similar, not the body structure

The pig has a similar circular system to that of humans. In pigs, it mainly consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels and is responsible for circulation of blood and nutrients throughout the body. The procedures for dissecting a mammalian heart, especially a pig heart, though other mammalian hearts are similar 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Set out heart in a tray Put on a lab coat, and gloves. Also take off all jewelry, and keep your hair back. Take out scalpel, tweezers, scissors, and needle. Take scissors, and cut into one of the blood vessels Then, cut down into the chambers of the heart 6. Now that your heart is open, you can study it as much as you want! The names of the different parts of the mammalian heart, both inside and out Right is a diagram of the inside of a human heart.

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Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

The outside of a human heart looks almost the same as a Pig heart. Contents of the outside of the heart are: Aorta, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle, Coronary Artery, Pulxmonary vein, and left atrium.

Variables:
The independent variable is: (the one variable that you will change)

Type of heart

The dependent variable is: (The variable that you are investigating)

Function of the human heart

Control Variables
The factors that you keep the same, so that the experiment is a fair test. Try and list at least 5.

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Factors to be controlled:

Reason it needs to be controlled:

How it will be controlled:

1. Parts of the heart that So that you can make comwill be measured parisons

Compare as I dissect the pig heart

2. Units that will be used So that the experiment will be I will use the same measurements for measurements the same for each trial

3. Method for dissection So that the experiment will be Review method at the end of each of the pig heart the same trial

4. Same tools will be used for each trial

So that I dont get confused

Keep tools by my side.

Hypothesis:
What will happen to the dependent variable as the independent variable is changed?
What do they do that is similar

How similar will the human heart you investigated be to the pig heart you are dissecting? The Pig heart and Human heart should be similar. The Human and the Pig Heart are similar since its what keeps us and the Pig alive pumps oxygen and blood and you can have your heart transplanted with a Pig Heart.The pig and human heart function the same way, they keep blood circulating around the body. It also keeps oxygen coming in and out of your body. Both are also known as pumping organs. But they also might be different because the pig heart is bigger than the human heart. Just because of the pig

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

hearts size, the weight, depth, length and width are just a little bit bigger than the human heart.

Why?
Due to my research, this is the information.

What would that relationship look like? Try to sketch or illustrate this:

Not specic enough as to They both are pumping organs Middle one, how is the HEART similar, not organs through the body.

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

15

12

Weight

Width

Depth

Length

Purple is pig hearts, blue is human hearts Weight is in grams Width, length and depth are in inches And adult pig heart is a little bit bigger than a human heart

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Materials:
Pig heart Tray Scalpel Tweezers Scissors Lab coat (optional) Goggles Needle

Diagram One: Set-up of your materials for dissecting a pigs heart:

Tray Heart Tray Scalpel Tweezers Scissors Needle Data Table Pencil

Person w/ goggles and/or lab coat

Method:
Where, and how? Where and how?

1. Wash out pig heart until the water runs clear 2. Do any measurements before you cut with a ruler on you chosen parts of the Heart

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Where are the blood vessels located? Which Chambers?

3. Set the heart in a tray 4. Put on a lab coat and gloves. Also take of any jewelry and keep your hair back 5. Take out scalpel, tweezers, scissors and needles 6. Take scissors and cut one of the blood vessels 7.Then cut in the the left side of the Heart.

Results:
Human Heart Weight (units) depth (units) Size width (units) height (units) Height of Pulmonary Vein Height of Superior Vena Cava Height of Aorta 257g 2.5 cm 3.5 cm 12.7 cm Pig Heart 442.5g 6cm 8cm 16.4cm

Measurements: What other parts of the heart will you measure?

125.8cm

4.5cm

2 cm

5cm

5.08 cm

5.5cm

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Exterior Diagram

Interior Diagram

Anything else you need to add that I havent included?

The pig heart smells really bad Heart strings in the heart very strong, it took 3 big cuts (using scissors) to break them
What are blood clots More detail? The WHOLE left side, or some?

There were a lot of blood clots. The Aorta (the tube on the top of the heart) feels like human skin when wet The whole left side of the Heart feels more muscular than the right. Half the heart was covered in a thick layer of membrane

Graph 1: Measurements of the different parts of pig and human hearts

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Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

500

400

300

200

100

Weight

All Measurements in grams

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Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

20

16

12

Depth

Width

Height

Conclu

All Measurements in Centimeters

sion:
graph, the results happens to the de-

From the show (What

pendent variable as the independent variable changes?) . . .

There are differences and similarities of the Human and Pig Heart. The differences were mainly in the measurements. The Pig Heart was much heavier than the Human Heart, the Pig Heart was 442.5g and the Human Heart was 257g also theres quite a large difference in the width, depth and height. When we rst started this Lab I expected that since a Human is taller than Pig the Human Heart would be much heavier

Does width, depth and height need to be capitalized?

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

How does this affect your hypothesis?

than a Pig Heart. This has affected my hypothesis because it has changed what e thought the different Hearts were like.

This happens because (Consider the concepts you used in your hypothesis). This is a good place to include some diagrams if they will help explain your ideas.

Why else? Was this youre rst time? What was your source for this?

The reason my hypothesis was different to the actual measurements was because in the hypothesis was because when we were making the hypothesis we were guessing what we thought the actual size and weight of the Pig Heart. Also that we thought that a Human Heart would be bigger in size and weight because most Humans spend time exercising so the blood would have more to do and pump around more and more and Pigs spend a lot of time lazing around not doing much so the blood wouldnt have to pump around much.

Evaluation:

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Table 2: Validity of the method (Was the investigation a Fair Test?) If you were not able to control any of the control variables you listed above, how did any change in that variable affect your data?
Control variable What affect did Degree of impact Improvement (how to x that was not this have when (small, medium or the problem): controlled: comparing the inlarge): dependent and dependent variables?
How will you write the backup plan?

1. Parts of the heart that will be measured

Write it down?

WIll the backup be different or same?

That we needed to Small nd different parts of the heart to measure 2. Units that will That we had to spend Small be used for measa little bit longer urements trying to nd the measurements. 3. Method for dis- When we were doing Medium section the dissection we of the pig heart had to think of what we could cut into instead of the left ventricle

We could have a back up plan in case the rst idea doesnt go right. By remembering that all the measurements need to be the same. By having a back up plan that will be different to the rst idea we had

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Table 3: Reliability of the method: Were there enough trials? Did multiple trials give similar data? Are there anomalous points?
Reliability of data. The measuring instruments. a) Did the measuring instruments collect data that can be trusted? Yes/ Yes they did, but it as hard to nd the start and the end of each part we were measuring Explanation (why / why not?)

I think that we could the experiment again once more. So then we can do it right.

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS. Not dissecting instruments

b) Was the experiment repeated enough times? / No The data that it did collect was correct, but there was one time when we did cut a bit off and the data was wrong.

c) Did the measuring instrument collect precise data? (i.e. Did the multiple trials give similar data?) Yes/ Size of sample.

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Reliability of data. d) was the range large enough?

Explanation (why / why not?) Our range was zero since we only had one trial and that we couldnt compare the different results.

/ No

Were there any surprising results? What were they?

Yes the results were surprising since I thought that the Human Heart would bigger in size than the Pig Heart.

Reference List:
"10 Things You May Not Know About Your Heart." ABC News. ABC News Network, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

"The Aorta (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Location, and Conditions." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. "Dissection Scissors, Forceps, Scalpels, & Kits - DR Instruments." Dissection Scissors, Forceps, Scalpels, & Kits - DR Instruments. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. "Google Images." Google Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Heart Dissection / Cardiac Anatomy." YouTube. YouTube, 06 Dec. 2009. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Heart Dissection Tutorial." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Jan. 2010. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Heart Dissection Walk Through." Heart Dissection Walk Through. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Heart." Heart. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

"How Many Grams Does the Human Heart Weigh?" Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. "How Much Does the Adult Human Heart Weigh and How Can One Weigh It?" How Much Does the Adult Human Heart Weigh and How Can One Weigh It? N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. "How the Heart Works." Netdoctor. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. "How Your Heart Works." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "How Your Heart Works." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. "The Human Heart." The Human Heart. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. "Kelly Chung." 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. Labeled Human Heart Diagram. N.p., n.d. Web.

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

"Pig Heart Dissection." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Feb. 2009. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. "Superior Vena Cava vs. Aorta (size and Thickness)?" Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. "What Is the Average Weight of a Human Heart?" WikiAnswers. Answers, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.

Mia McDonald

Friday, 22 February 2013 12:04:03 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time