Bai 1:

A P A N BA I TA P DAO O NG

Xet he dao ong gom vat nang m, lo xo k1, k2 va giam chan c Chon truc toa o nh hnh ve, goc toa o la trong tam cua m khi he ang trang thai can bang. Ap dung nh luat II Newton ta co phng trnh vi phan chuyen ong cua he: (1) mx k2 x k1 x k2 y cx (1) c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 x 2 x q sin t 0x k1 k2 k2 a c 2 Vi ; 0 ;q 2m m m Bai 2:

Hnh 1.1 dao ong he 1 bac t do.

Hnh 1.2. Dao ong he mot bac t do. Xet he dao ong la khoi tru 1 Chon truc toa o x nh hnh ve, goc toa o trung vi trong tam cua khoi tru 1 khi no v tr can bang. Ta thay rang neu khoi tru dch chuyen t v tr can bang mot khoang x th ap lc cua nc sinh ra tac dung len khoi tru la: (1) P ( x z) g r 2 V the tch khoi tru chiem cho khi dch chuyen mot khoang bang vi the tch khoi nc dang len nen ta co: V1 r 2 x V2 (R2 r 2 ) z

x (2) R2 r 2 Thay (2) vao (1) ta c: r2 R2 r 2 P (x x) g r 2 g ( 2 2 )x R2 r 2 R r Ap dung nh luat II Newton cho khoi tru ta co phng trnh vi phan chuyen ong: R2 r 2 mx g ( 2 2 )x (3) R r z

r2

Phng trnh (3) c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 x 0 0x

g R2r 2 ( ) m R2 r 2 Vay chu k dao ong rieng cua khoi tru la:
Vi
2 0

T0

2
0

2 Rr

m( R 2 r 2 ) g

2 Rr

m (R2 r 2 ) g

Bai 3: Xet dao ong cua a 1 Chon toa o suy rong la , la goc quay cua a so vi v tr ban au. Ap dung nh ly bien thien moment ong lng cho ai 1 ta co: dL m0 ( Fi ) Hnh 1.3. He dao ong a va truc dt (1) I ks cR 2

mR 2 Vi: I la moment quan tnh cua a 1 quanh truc quay. 2 T T JG D 4G ks o cng cua thanh. TL L 32 L JG Phng trnh (1) c viet di dang nh sau: D 4G I cR 2 0 32L Phng trnh nay c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 2 0 (2) 0
Vi: Bai 4:

cR2 ; 2I

2 0

D 4G 32IL

Chon toa o suy rong la

, la goc quay cua

tam 1 so vi v tr nam ngang ban au nh hnh ve. Ap dung nh ly bien thien moment ong lng cho ai 1 ta co: dL m0 ( Fi ) dt (1) I M Vi: I

Hnh 1.4. Dao ong 1 bac t do cua tam. mb2 la moment quan tnh cua tam 1 quay quanh truc i qua O. 6

Va M kl 2 cb2 la lc can sinh ra bi lo xo va giam chan. Vay (1) c viet nh sau: mb2 (2) cb2 kl 2 0 6 Phng trnh (2) c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 2 0 0 Vi: Bai 5:
2 0

6kl 2 ; mb2

3c m

Chon truc toa o x nh hnh ve, goc toa o tai v tr he ang trang thai can bang. Khi truc cua motor quay, do truc lech tam nen sinh ra l c ly tam co gia tr: F m 2 Thanh phan lc nay theo phng thang Hnh 1.5 Dao ong he moteur va dam ng co gia tr: F m 2 sin t Ap dung nh luat II Newton cho he ta co phng trnh vi phan chuyen ong cua motor: (1) Mx cx kx m 2 sin t 48EI Vi: k la o cng cua dam. l3 Phng trnh (1) c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 x 2 x q sin t (2) 0x Vi: Bai 6:

c ; 2( M m)

2 0

k ;q M

m M

Hnh 1.6 Dao ong he mot bac t do. Ap dung nh ly bien thien moment ong lng cho banh xe ta co: dL m0 ( Fi ) dt

d d c( y) 2 2 cd 2 kD2 dca I cos t 4 4 2 Phng trnh (1) c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 2 qcos t 0 I k kD2 dca ;q 4I 2I 2 2 1 D d Trong o: I (M 2m ) 2 4 4 D2 M V1 L 4 Vi: d2 L l m V2 4 2 4 4 ( D d ) L d 4l I 32 Bai 7:
Vi:
2 0

D2 4

(1)

cd 2 ; 8I

Chon toa o suy rong la , la goc quay cua tru 1 so vi v tr can bang. Ap dung nh ly bien thien moment ong lng cho khoi tru 1 ta co: (1) J0 mgl sin Vi:

1 2 m(r 2 L2 ) mr mL2 2 2 Hnh 1.7 Dao ong con lac V dao ong cua he be nen ta lay gan ung: sin Vay ta co phng trnh vi phan chuyen ong cua khoi tru la: J0 mgl 0 (2) Phng trnh (2) c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 0 0 mgl 2 Vi: 0 J0 J0 J c mL2
Bai 8: Chon toa o suy rong la , la goc quay cua tam 1 so vi v tr can bang. Ap dung nh ly bien thien moment ong lng cho tam 1 ta co: dL m0 ( Fi ) dt (1) I kl 2 cb2

Hnh 1.8 Dao ong a ong chat.

mb2 la moment quan tnh cua tam 1 quay quanh truc i qua O. 3 Vay (1) c viet nh sau: (2) I cb2 kl 2 0 Phng trnh (2) c viet di dang chuan nh sau: 2 2 0 0
Vi: I Vi: Bai 9:
2 0

kl 2 ; I

cb2 2I

Hnh 1.9 Dao ong he thang may va toa hang. * Khao sat chuyen ong ri t do cua toa hang 1 khi day nang b t Phng trnh chuyen ong cua toa hang: 1 2 x A Bt gt (Toa hang chuyen ong nhanh dan eu) 2 Vi ieu kien ban au: x0 0; x0 0 A 0; B 0

Vay x

1 2 gt 2

(1)
2H g

Vay thi gian e toa hang cham vao giam chan la: t0 T (1)
v x gt

Van toc cua toa hang khi cham vao giam chan la: v0 2 gH * Khao sat chuyen ong cua toa hang khi cham vao giam chan: Chon truc khao sat y nh hnh ve, goc toa o tai v tr ma toa hang bat au cham vao giam chan. Phng trnh vi phan chuyen ong cua toa hang la: (2) my cy ky mg Phng trnh (2) c viet di da ng chuan nh sau: 2 (3) y 2 y g 0y k c 2 Vi 0 ; m 2m Ta a biet rang nghiem tng phan cua phng trnh khong thuan nhat (3) co dang: g yp 2
0

Hoat ong tot nhat cua giam chan c mong i neu nh he so giam chan at trng hp ti han. Nh vay phng trnh thuan nhat co nghiem la: yg C1e 0t C2te 0t Vay nghiem tong quat cua phng trnh (1) la: g y C1e 0t C2te 0t 2
0

Vi ieu kien ban au: y0 0; y0 g g C1 ; C2 v0 2

0 0

v0

Vay ta co: y D(1 e 0t ) Ete g g ; E v0 Vi: D 2

0 0
2 0

0t

y
amax

( D
yt

2E
D

)e

0t

2 0

te

0t

(4)

T (4) ta thay rang gia tr ln nhat cua gia toc ( y ) tai t=0
0 2 0

2E

Neu v0

g
0

Ta co: amax

2 0

2E

2v0

g
2

Theo e ta co: amax 2v0 0 g a0

a0

200(m / s )

a0 g 2 2 Hg
k
2 0

4.28s

m 9160 N / m

m 4280 Ns / m
2 Hg 24.5 g
0

Kiem tra ieu kien tren ta co: v0

2.4m / s

V tr, van toc, gia toc cua toa hang trong qua trnh va cham c the hien o th sau:

V tr

Van toc

Gia toc

Bai 10:

Hnh 1.10 Dao ong he 1 bac t do. Chon toa o suy rong x la o dch chuyen cua vat m so vi v tr can bang. V lo xo la co mat cat ngang bxh nen o cng cua lo xo la la: bh3 3EI k vi I l3 12 Neu xem vat nang m dao ong be ta co phng trnh vi phan chuyen ong cua m la:

P0 sin t m

(1)

k m Nghiem tng phan cua phng trnh khong thuan nhat (1) la: P0 xh sin t 2 2 m( ) Nghiem rieng cua phng trnh thuan nhat co dang: x p C sin( t )
Vi: Vay nghiem tong quat cua phng trnh (1) la P0 x C sin( t ) sin t 2 2 m( ) P0 x C cos( t ) cos t 2 2 m( ) Vi ieu kien ban au: t 0; x0 0; x0 0 P0 C 2 2 m( )

x
Vay

P0 m(
2 2

sin t

sin t

P0 1 (2) sin t tcos t 2m T (2) ta thay rang khi tan so cu a lc cng bc bang tan so dao ong rieng cua he th hien tng cong hng xay ra, luc nay he dao ong vi bien o rat ln. Dao ong cua vat m c the hien o th sau: lim x