Six Sigma

Henry Waruhiu

Six-Sigma Quality
Ensuring that process variation is half the design tolerance (Cp = 2.0) while allowing the mean to shift as much as 1.5 standard deviations.

Six-Sigma Metrics
Defects per unit (DPU) = number of defects discovered number of units produced Defects per million opportunities (dpmo) = DPU 1,000,000 opportunities for error

k-Sigma Quality Levels

Six sigma results in at most 3.4 defects per million opportunities

Six-Sigma Implementation
1. 2. 3. 4. Emphasize dpmo as a standard metric Provide extensive training Focus on on corporate sponsor support Create qualified process improvement experts 5. Ensure identification of appropriate metrics 6. Set stretch objectives

GEs Six-Sigma Problem Solving Approach

1.Define 2.Measure 3.Analyze 4.Improve 5.Control

Six Sigma Belts

Team Member
Support project within work area

Green Belt
10 days training Project with demonstrated improvement Training, mentoring team members

Black Belt
4 weeks training Project Lead improvement teams across business, mentor green belts

Master Black Belt Champions

Black Belt Training

Elementary statistics Advanced statistics
DOE, ANOVA, Multivariate Regression

Product design and reliability

QFD, FMEA

Measurement
Capability, R&R

Process control
Control Plans and SPC

Process improvement
Process improvement planning, process mapping, poka-yoke

Implementation and teamwork

Organizational effectiveness, team assessment, facilitation tools, team development