Blackbody Radiation

mass
motion
. Localized .
. .

Discrete .Continuous

microscopic

packets groups .
macroscopic .

:
: .
.
.

.


) .(1
3 10 8/ .
1

0 0

=c

. .

) (1

:

) ( .
.

8kT 2
d
c3
k = 1.38 10 23 J/K .

= u ( )d


. .
.Blackbody Radiation

Wien
T

290 10 5 o
A
) T (K

= max

.
. max 5300 A
290 10 5
=T
= 5471o K
5300

1901

)( quanta

E = nh
h . 6.626 10 34 J.s
) 5890( 100
)(

E nh
=
t
t

=P

n P P 100 5890 10 10
=
=
=
= 8.92 1018 quanta / s
8
34
t h hc 6.6 10 3 10

8h 3 d
u ( )d = 3 h / kT
c e
1

E = h << kT
h
h
+ ... 1
e h / kT 1 = 1 +
kT
kT

8h d 8kT 2
= 3 d
c 3 h
c
kT
3

= u ( )d

.
:
. Unit of Action