A seminar on

BIONIC EYE
presented by ABHISHEK C MATH

Under the guidance of

PROF. GANESH K.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING KLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HUBLI.

BIONIC EYE

A LOOK INTO CURRENT RESEARCH AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

CONTENTS

Introduction

Human Eye System

Disorder of Human Eye System Bionic Eye Research Work Demerits Future prospects

INTRODUCTION

There is no lovelier way to thank God for your sight Than by giving a helping hand To those in dark.

CONTD

Today, we talk of artificial intelligence that has created waves of interest in the field of robotics. When this has been possible, why not artificial vision?

CONTD
A visual prosthetic or bionic eye is a form of neural prosthesis intended to partially restore lost vision or amplify existing vision.

HISTORY

Foerster was the first to discover that electrical stimulation of the occipital cortex could be used to create visual percepts, phosphenes.

The first application of an implantable stimulator for vision restoration was developed by Drs. Brindley and Lewin in 1968.

HUMAN EYE
Human Eye is similar to a camera. Macula is comprised of multiple layers of cells which process the

initial analog light energy entering the eye into digital

electrochemical impulses. Human eye has nearly100 million photoreceptors.

Normal eye
8

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN EYE

HOW RETINA WORKS

10

CAUSES OF BLINDNESS
a. Retina Pigmentosa : Caused by the breakdown in the function of rods and cones. b. Macular Degenration : Retina Pigment Epithelium gradually wears out.

11

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of enetic eye conditions that leads to incurable blindness .

12

AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

The macula is the central portion of the retina and is responsible for detailed vision and color vision, the vision we use to read, thread a needle, sign a check, or recognize faces. ARMD is a disease that progressively decrease the function of specific cellular layer of the retinas macula. It degenerates the cone in the macula region, causing damage to the central vision but spares peripheral retina.

13

THE SOLUTION - BIONIC EYE..

Bionic Eye is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision. It is a broad term for the entire electronics system consisting of the image sensors, processors, radio transmitters & receivers, and the retinal chip. It usually takes the form of an externally-worn camera. The device is a circle about the size of a five-cent piece, inserted into the eye where the retina sits.

14

ELEMENTS OF BIONIC EYE

The bionic eye consists of three elements: 1. A miniature camera 2. A pair of dark glasses which transmits images to a radio received implanted next to the patients eye. 3. A tiny chip of silicon and platinum (4mm sq) that sits on the retina.

15

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BIONIC EYE

16

17

RETINAL CHIP

18

19

RESEARCH WORK
1. IMPLANTABLE MINIATURE TELESCOPE This type of device is implanted in the eye's posterior chamber and works by increasing (by about three times) the size of the image projected onto the retina in order to overcome a centrally-located scotoma or blind spot.

20

CONTD
2. THE DOBELLE EYE: The stimulator chip sits in the primary visual cortex, rather than on the retina.

21

DEMERITS
Not useful for patients who are blind by birth.

Not useful for glaucoma patients.

22

FUTURE PROSPECTS
Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve people's lives with artificial, bionic devices.

Bionic devices are being developed to do more than replace defective parts. Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses. Further improvements are expected to follow within five to seven years, with a 1000-electrode implant that will enable previously blind people to see . We are now looking at devices like bionic arms, tongues, noses etc.
23

REFERENCE
[1] Salma Khanam, BIONIC EYE , Scribd,2010 [2] M. S. Humayun, J.D Weiland, G.Chader,: Basic Research, biomedical engineering and clinical advances,2001,pp.151-206. [3] Nagarjuna Sharma,"Bionic Eye", Scribd, 2011. [4] Victor Shnayder, Bor-rong Chen, Konrad Lorincz, Thaddeus R. F. FulfordJones, and Matt Welsh. "Sensor Networks for Medical Care", Harvard University Technical Report TR-08-05, April 2005. [5] ASR DEVICE.Optobionics ,

http://www.optobionics.com/asrdevice.shtml,March 2011
25

THANK YOU

26