Professional Documents
Culture Documents
. ,
, ,
()
(Schildroth and Hotto,1991).
(Cole,1989).
, 1859
.
(Moores and Kluwin, 1986). 1880
1960
(Cole,1989), 1960
. ,
, , (integration) ,
(mainstreaming) (inclusion).
,
.
,
.
.
, .
(
)
(Lynas, 1986).
.
,
(Harrison, 1988).
,
.
(Martens, 1989).
,
(Glickman, 1986).
. McCartney (1994) :
1) , ,
, ..., 2)
, 3)
, , , ,
..., 4)
, , ... 5)
6)
...
(Kyle, 1993).
.
, , ,
(Holt
and Allen, 1989, Moores and Kluwin, 1986). ,
. ,
.
, ,
, ... (Moores and Kluwin, 1986).
.
(Stinson and Lang, 1994).
Foster (1989)
,
. (Martens,
1989, Greenberg and Kusche, 1987).
(Stinson and Whitmire, 1991). Gregory and Bishop (1989)
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
. ,
.
(Moores and Kluwin, 1986 - Allen and Osbon, 1984).
, ,
(Martens and Kluwin, 1986).
, (Holt and Allen, 1989).
1982
.
1985 . 1985
.
(Lampropoulou, 1995).
.
,
,
. 14 , 6 8 , .
18-26 (28 35
). 14, 4 , 3 , 3
4 . 4 , 3
, .
6
, (=9) 2-6 .
(Bogdan
and Biklen, 1982).
.
.
Spradley, (1979).
, ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
,
(Bogdan and Biklen, 1982).
, 9 ,
, .
,
.
.
: ) () , )
.
) ()
6 ,
.
,
(1-2) .
,
.
(=10)
( 3-4 ).
. (=8)
.
:
( ) ,
.
, .....
... .
,
....
, , .
(=8). :
( )
.
, .
,
:
...
.
.
...
... .
, .....
. :
, .
, ,
....!.
(=4) ,
, .
, .
.
, ,
.
,
. :
.
, .... ...
.
, , 10%
, 100% .
:
: .
... .... ,
.
... .
: ;
: .. . .
, ,
.
. :
,
....
, ....
.
(=12)
. :
,
, .
. .
....
, ,
, .
, , .
; ....
. ,
... .
(=9)
( ) .
. :
. ,
.
:
...
()
....; .
:
,
. , , .
. , -.
. .
( ) .
, , .
:
- ;....
.
... , 12 , , ,
, , .
, .
. ....
,
.
.
:
.
, , , .
... .
.
3 3
. 1
. ,
. , .
.
.
,
,
.
)
2-6
.
.
.
:
3 . ,
. .
,
, , .
.
, , ,
...
, , , ..
.
:
, ,
, ,
. ,
.
:
,
, .... ()
. ,
, (), ...
,
, (, , ...
.
. .
. . .
.... .
,
. :
, ...
, .... ()
.
. :
, ...
,
,
.
.
:
.
. ,
..
,
. .
,
.
.
. , , .
,
:
, , .
.
.
, , , , .
2-3 ,
. .
.
,
. , .
.
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
(Lampropoulou and Panteliadou, 1996).
, ,
(Strong and Shaver, 1991).
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
. ,
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
, ,
, , ...
.
, ,
( )
.
.
.
.
... ,
,
(Holt and Allen, 1989).
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
(Foster, 1989).
.
.
, ,
, ,
. ,
, .
.
,
, .
.
( )
,
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
:
.
,
. . .
- Martens, D. and Kluwin, T. (1986). Academic and Social Integration for hearing Impaired high
school students. Paper presented at the 1986 meeting of the American Educational Research
Associaton, San Francisco, C.A.
- Martens, D.M. (1989). Social experiences of hearing - impaired high school youth. American Annals
of the Deaf , 139, 15-19.
- McCartney, B. D. (1994). Inclusion As a Practical Matter. American Annals of the Deaf, 139, 2,161162.
- Moores, D. F. and Kluwin, T. N. (1986). Issues in School Placement, in A.N Schildroth and M.A.
Karchmer (eds). Deaf Children in America. San Diego , C.A: College - Nill Press.
- Schildroth, A. N, and Hotto, S.A (1991). Annual survey of hearing impaired children and youth:
1989-90 school year. American Annals of the Deaf , 136,2,155-165.
- Spradley, J.P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- Stinson, M. and Lang., H. (1994). Full Inclusion: A Path for Intergration or Isolation? American
Annals of the Deaf,, 139, 2, 156-159.
- Stinson, M. S and Whitmire, K (1991). Students Views of their social relationships In T. Kluwin,
M. Gaustad and D. Moores (eds). Towards effective public school programs for deaf Students. New
York: Teachers College Press.
- Strong, C and Shaver, P. (1991). Modifying Attitudes Toward Persons with Hearing Impairements.
American Annals of the Deaf, 136, 3, 252-299.