ECOR 1010 INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

XUELI ZHANG

ASSIGNMENT # 5

Assignment Title: Univariate Data TO Marking TA: Name: Nicholas Bourgeois Email: NicholasBourgeois@cmail.carleton.ca

Lab Section: C5 Room: ME2556 Carleton University

FROM: Email: xuelizhang@cmail.carleton.ca Student Number: 100878403

Number of Figures and Tables (Including handwritten ones): [Total Number of Figures and Tables] Last Date and Time of Revision: 07 November 2012

Zhang, Xueli

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this lab is to determine the probability that the production process will produce knobs with acceptable dimensions (0.137" to 0.143"). The results of sampling are recorded in the accompanying Production Record Sheet and statistics are reported in the appendices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The production data of knob size was recorded in a Production Record Sheet. An Excel spread sheet was used to analyze the data, and the sample mean, sample variance and standard deviation, standard error, and the 90% confidence interval for the population mean were calculated. The same statistics were also calculated by hand. A frequency histogram was used to visually analyze the data. Two estimates for the fraction of knobs that will be within the acceptable range were calculated. First, measurements in the sample were used to estimate the proportion of acceptable knobs produced in the acceptable range, with a 95% confidence interval. Second, the distribution of measurements was assumed to be a normal Gaussian distribution and the z-tables were used to estimate the proportion of acceptable knobs, with a 99% confidence interval. Using Excels Random Number Generation function, a random set of normally distributed data (45 numbers) was generated using the sample mean and the sample standard. The last three digits of my student number (403) were used as the random seed variable. The Excel data analysis tool was used to analyze the random data, and the sample mean, sample variance and standard deviation, standard error, and the 90% confidence interval for the population mean were calculated.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Table 1, Table 2 and the equation sheet in the appendices show the results of the statistical analysis. All the results are in one thousandth of an inch. For the knob measurements, the sample mean was 141.6 with a variance of 14.29 and a standard deviation of 3.780, the standard error was .05634 and the population mean with 90% confidence interval was .9467. Figure 1 shows the histogram of the frequency of the knob size. The histogram is skewed to the left with the greatest frequency in the 143 to 145 category. If one sample had been recorded as 0.114", I would say there is a problem either with the machine or the measuring device. The statistics determined for the sample data with the two methods (the equations vs. Excels data tools) were the same. The statistics determined for the data that were randomly generated, and the statistics determined for the knob measurements were different. For the random set of normally distributed data, the sample mean was 141.2, sample variance was 18.08, sample standard deviation was 4.252, standard error was .6338, and the 90% confidence interval for the population mean was 1.065. The proportional mean value was 0.60 0.14 with 95% confidence. On the assumed Gaussian distribution the 99% confidence interval shows the mean value was 141.6 1.451.

CONCLUSIONS
The objective of this lab was fulfilled by analyzing the production data. The probability of producing a knob in the acceptable range was calculated as 60%14%. Therefore it can be predicted with 99% certainty that 60% 14% of the knobs produced will be in the acceptable range of 0.137" to 0.143". In other words I would predict that 27 (give or take 6) out of 45 knobs would be the correct size.
2

Zhang, Xueli

PPENDICES- FIGURES AND TABLES

Table 1. The Frequency Table for the Histogram Lower 131 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147 upper Class 133 131 up to133 135 133 up to135 137 135 up to137 139 137 up to139 141 139 up to141 143 141 up to143 145 143 up to145 147 145 up to147 149 147 up to149 Total Figure 1. The Histogram of Knob Size versus Frequency frequency 1 2 1 6 6 8 9 7 5 45

Knob Size Versus Frequency

10 F 9 r 8 e 7 q 6 u 5 e 4 n 3 c 2 y 1 0 131 up 133 up 135 up 137 up 139 up 141 up 143 up 145 up 147 up to133 to135 to137 to139 to141 to143 to145 to147 to149 Knob Size

Zhang, Xueli Table 2. Summary Table Sample Statistic Result via Equations(thou) Result via MS Excel (thou) Random Normal Distribution using Excel with random seed variable (thou) 141.2 18.08 4.252 0.6338 1.065

Sample Mean Sample Variance Sample Standard Deviation Standard Error The 90% Confidence Interval for the Population Mean

141.6 14.29 3.780 0.5634 0.9467

141.6 14.29 3.780 0.5634 0.9467