1

Formulas
f (t)
F (s) = L{f (t)}
tn
n!/sn+1
1/(s a)
eat
sin(kt)
k/(s2 + k 2 )
s/(s2 + k 2 )
cos(kt)
sinh(kt)
k/(s2 k 2 )
s/(s2 k 2 )
cosh(kt)
(t a)
eas
eas
u(t a)
s
L{f (t)}(s) =

;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;

n = 0, 1, 2, . . . and s > 0
s>a
s>0
s>0
s>k
s>k
s>0
s>0

est f (t)dt

L{eat f (t)} = F (s a)
L{u(t a)f (t a)} = eas F (s)
dn
L{tn f (t)} = (1)n n F (s)
ds
Z t

1
L
f (x)dx =
F (s)
s
0
)
(
Z
f (t)
F (x)dx
=
L
t
s
(
)
dn
L
f (t)
= sn F (s) sn1 f (0) sn2 f 0 (0) . . . f (n1) (0)
dtn
(f g)(t) =

Z t

f (x)g(t x)dx

L{(f g)(t)} = F (s) G(s)

p1 (x) = f0 + (x x0 )f [x0 , x1 ]
p2 (x) = f0 + (x x0 )f [x0 , x1 ] + (x x0 )(x x1 )f [x0 , x1 , x2 ]
p3 (x) = f0 + (x x0 )f [x0 , x1 ] + (x x0 )(x x1 )f [x0 , x1 , x2 ] + (x x0 )(x x1 )(x x2 )f [x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ]
..
.
f [xj , xj+1 , . . . , xk ] =

f [xj+1 , ..., xk ]f [xj , ..., xk1 ]

xk xj
(n+1)

n (x) = f (x) pn (x) = (x x0 )(x x1 ) (x xn ) f (n+1)!(t)

p1 (x) = L0 f0 + L1 (x)f1
p2 (x) = L0 f0 + L1 (x)f1 + L2 (x)f2
p3 (x) = L0 f0 + L1 (x)f1 + L2 (x)f2 + L3 (x)f3
..
.
Li (x) =

(xx0 )(xx1 )...(xxi1 )(xxi+1 )...(xxn )

(xi x0 )(xi x1 )...(xi xi1 )(xi xi+1 )...(xi xn )
(n+1)

n (x) = f (x) pn (x) = (x x0 )(x x1 ) (x xn ) f (n+1)!(t)

Z b

f (x)dx = h

Z b
a

Z b
a

f (x)dx =

h
2

n
X

f (xj ) ,

j=1
n
X

||

M (b a)3
,
24n2

(f (xj1 ) + f (xj )) ,

||

j=1

M = maxaxb |f 00 (x)|
M (b a)3
,
12n2

X
h n1
f (x)dx =
(f (x2j ) + 4f (x2j+1 ) + f (x2j+2 )) ,
3 j=0

||

M = maxaxb |f 00 (x)|
M (b a)5
,
180n4

M = maxaxb |f (4) (x)|

Order
n
2
3

Nodes
ti
-0.5773502692
0.5773502692
-0.7745966692
0.0
0.7745966692
-0.8611363116
-0.3399810436
0.3399810436
0.8611363116
-0.9061798459
-0.5384693101
0.0
0.5384693101
0.9061798459

Coefficient
wi
1.0
1.0
0.555555556
0.888888889
0.555555556
0.3478548451
0.6521451549
0.6521451549
0.3478548451
0.2369268850
0.4786286705
0.5688888889
0.4786286705
0.2369268850

P
yn+1
= ynC + h f (xn , ynC )

1 
C
P
yn+1
= ynC + h f (xn , ynC ) + f (xn+1 , yn+1
)
2

k1 = h f (xn , yn )
1
1
k2 = h f (xn + h, yn + k1 )
2
2
1
1
k3 = h f (xn + h, yn + k2 )
2
2
k4 = h f (xn + h, yn + k3 )
1
yn+1 = yn + (k1 + 2 k2 + 2 k3 + k4 )
6