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A
PREF CE

SPSS SPSS Operation

and ApplicationSPSSStatistical
Package for the Social Science

SPSS12.0
SPSS

SPSS14.0

SPSS
SPSS

SPSS
SPSS

SPSS

(1)
(2)
SPSS14.0
(3)
(4)
(5)

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A
PREF CE

SPSS

2008.08.01

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(02)2705-5066

CO

NTENTS

......................................................... 1

SPSS

3
8
8

12

11

20

33

36

37
44

52

K-Means57

60

63

69

77

78

79

TwoStep

84

88

89
Ward

91

93

95

98

100

105

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CO

NTENTS

112
126

127

MDS

....................................................................................... 131

SPSS

133
149

151
156

170

157

173

TBWCW

175

177

180

SPSS

183

SPSS195

196
201

DISCRIM224

225
226

MANOVADISCRIM233
ANOVA & DISCRIM
&

&

ANOVA & DISCRIM

234
237

241
244

.................................................................... 251
253
ANOVA

281

280

MANOVA

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CO

NTENTS

282
283

SSCPB

284

SSCPW

SSCPTWilks

286

288

Wilks

SPSS

W BWilks

-1

285

289

292

SPSS

293

302

313

314

SPSS

314

315

326

328

.................................................... 333
337

338

340

351

357

371

371
372

376

376

33MANOVA

22MANOVA

379
381

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CO

NTENTS

...................................................................................... 385
387
401
421

422

424

MANOVA

SPSS

CANCORR

442

MANOVA

443

454

455

455

....................................................................... 469
471
488
504
511
521

522
530

546

........................................... 553
555

557
558

Logistic562

562

563
563

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CO

NTENTS

567

569
570

LogisticMANOVA

578

582

584

SPSS

591
595

599

604

600

Logistic

609

615

................................................................................. 623
625
SPSS644

645
649

661

662
663

669

671
675

679

...................................................................................... 683
685
704

708

706

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CO

NTENTS

725

722

728

729

SPSS

742
758

773

774

CFA
CFA

CFA

775
777
779

....................................................................... 783
785
794

799

804

807

809

809

814

810

811

813

815

815

SPSS817

822

828

831

834

837
840

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CO

NTENTS

845

MLM859

861
865

SPSS

............................................................................................... 867

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APTER
H
C

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Chapter

cluster analysis

groups

numerical taxonomy

similarityhomogeneity
heterogeneity
natural
grouping

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SPSS operation and application

SPSS

SPSS

1-1

1-2

Sharma, 1996, p. 186

1-1

S1

S2

S3

15

14

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Chapter

S4

16

15

S5

25

20

S6

30

19

S1S2S3S4
S5S6{S5S6}
{S1S2}

30

S6

25

S5

20
S3

15

S4

10
5

S1

S2

7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20

1-3

1-2

S1

10

S15

S2

10

S16

S3

S17

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SPSS operation and application

SPSS

SPSS

S4

10

S18

S5

10

S19

S6

S20

S7

S21

S8

S22

10

S9

S23

S10

S24

S11

S25

S12

S26

10

S13

10

S27

S14

10

10

S28

10

S26 S1
S28 S25

S2

S27

S4

S23
S3

S20

S5

S10 S19 S15

6
S6

S24

4
2

S9 S8

S11

S16
S17
S7

S18

S12 S13
S21

0
0 2 4 6 8 10

1-4

[1]{S7S8S9S16S17
S18}[2]{S11S12S13S21
S22}[3]{S1S25S26S27
S28}[4]{S2S3S4S5
S14S23}[5]{S6S10
S15S19S20S24}

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Chapter

QQ-factor analysisSharma
1996Q

hierarchical

hierarchical
cluster analysis
KK-Means
200K-Means
icicle plots
dendrograms
K-Means

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SPSS operation and application

factor analysis

SPSS

SPSS

algorithms
methoddivisive method
agglomerative hierarchical methods
divisive hierarchical methods

NP
NNN
N-1
N-1

single linkagecomplete linkage

average linkagecentroid liknage
minimum variance method

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Chapter

2022005

1. Kcentroidsseeds

2.

3. K

4. 23

1.
2.

K
3.
4.

5.

6.
KN-K

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SPSS operation and application

K Sharma, 1996, p.

SPSS

SPSS

Sharma, 1996, p. 203

1.
K

convergence
criterion

2.
K

3.
hill-climbing method

(1)SSCPtraceESS

(2)SSCPdeterminant

=MDETERM

(3) W -1B WBSSCP SSCP W

SSCP W -1WinverseW
W -1W = WW -1 = I I
10

inverse matrix

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10
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Chapter

Shift+Enter

W=

W-1=

(4)W-1B

agglomerative clustering
square Euclidean
distance

two-stage
cluster analysis

K
K

SPSS Inc., 1998

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11
(02)2705-5066

SPSS operation and application

=MINVERSECtrl+

SPSS

SPSS

Z
01

K-Means
standardization

Everitt 1980 Z

Edelbrock 1979

Aldenderfer & Blasheld, 1984

2004

square Euclidean distance

S1S2

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12
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Chapter

XYP

scale
invariantS1
S2

D2S1&S2 = (X1-Y1)2+ (X2-Y2)2= (5000-6000)2+ (5-6)2=1000000+1

=1000001

SPSS

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13
(02)2705-5066

SPSS operation and application

D2XY = (X1 - Y1)2 + (X2 - Y2)2 = (5- 6)2 + (5- 6)2 = 2

SPSS

SPSS

ACD

L
C
DM

1-5
NM

ChebychevMinkowski

SZ
- 11 - 10111

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14
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Chapter

NM

Lance
Williams

1-7

S1S6

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SPSS operation and application

1-6

SPSS

SPSS

1-3

1:S1

2:S2

:S

:S

:S

:S

1:S1

0.00

2.00

181.00

221.00

625.00

821.00

2:S2

2.00

0.00

145.00

181.00

557.00

745.00

3:S3

181.00

145.00

0.00

2.00

136.00

250.00

4:S4

221.00

181.00

2.00

0.00

106.00

212.00

5:S5

625.00

557.00

136.00

106.00

0.00

26.00

6:S6

821.00

745.00

250.00

212.00

26.00

0.00

S2(6, 6)S3(15, 14)

D2XY = (X2- Y2)2 + (X3- Y3)2 = (6- 15)2 + (6- 14)2 = 145.00
Chebychev
1-4
Chebychev
1:S1

2:S2

:S

:S

:S

:S

1:S1

0.00

1.00

10.00

11.00

20.00

25.00

2:S2

1.00

0.00

9.00

10.00

19.00

24.00

3:S3

10.00

9.00

0.00

1.00

10.00

15.00

4:S4

11.00

10.00

1.00

0.00

9.00

14.00

5:S5

20.00

19.00

10.00

9.00

0.00

5.00

6:S6

25.00

24.00

15.00

14.00

5.00

0.00

S2(6, 6)S3(15, 14)

DXY = MAXN|XN- YN|=|6- 15|, |6- 14|=9, 8=9

S525, 20S630,19

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Chapter

1-5

1:S1

2:S2

:S

:S

:S

:S

1:S1

.00

2.00

19.00

21.00

35.00

39.00

2:S2

2.00

.00

17.00

19.00

33.00

37.00

3:S3

19.00

17.00

.00

2.00

16.00

20.00

4:S4

21.00

19.00

2.00

.00

14.00

18.00

5:S5

35.00

33.00

16.00

14.00

.00

6.00

6:S6

39.00

37.00

20.00

18.00

6.00

.00

S2(6, 6)S3(15, 14)

S1(5, 5)S6(30, 19)

1-6
Minkowski (2)
1:S1

2:S2

:S

:S

:S

:S

1:S1

.000

1.414

13.454

14.866

25.000

28.653

2:S2

1.414

.000

12.042

13.454

23.601

27.295

3:S3

13.454

12.042

.000

1.414

11.662

15.811

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17
(02)2705-5066

SPSS operation and application

DXY=MAXN|XN- YN|=|25- 30|, |20- 19|=5, 1=5

SPSS

SPSS

4:S4

14.866

13.454

1.414

.000

10.296

14.560

5:S5

25.000

23.601

11.662

10.296

.000

5.099

6:S6

28.653

27.295

15.811

14.560

5.099

.000

mm
m3

city block
distanceManhattan distance

S1S2

Chebychev distance

DXY = MAXN | XN - YN|

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18
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Chapter

Mahalanhobis distance

D2XY = (Xi- Yi)C-1W(Xj- Yj)

C W pooled within - in covariance
matrix

cosine
Pearson correlation/correlation coefcients

dissimilarity measures
association coefcientdissimilarity

binary variable
simple matching coefficients

1-7
1

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19
(02)2705-5066

SPSS operation and application

SPSS

SPSS

ABCD

linking method

between-groups linkageaverage
linkage between groupswithin-groups linkage
nearest neighborsingle linkagefurthest
neighborcomplete linkagecentroid
clusteringmedian clusterWards method
SPSS

Everitt & Dunn, 2001

Lattin et al., 2003, pp. 281-284Sharma, 1996, pp. 188-1942005

()

S1S22S3S42

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20
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Chapter

{S1 & S2}S3

S4S5S6
S3
S4
{S1 & S2}{S3 & S4}S5S6

1-8

S1 & S2

5.5[=(5+6)2]

5.5[=(5+6)2]

S3

15

14

S4

16

15

S5

25

20

S6

30

19

1-9

S1 & S2

S1 & S2

0.00

S

S

S

S

S3

162.50

0.00

S4

200.50

2.00

0.00

S5

590.50

135.96

106.00

0.00

S6

782.50

250.00

212.00

26.00

0.00

1-10

S1 & S2

5.5[=(5+6)2]

5.5[=(5+6)2]

S3 & S4

15.5

14.5

S5

25

20

S6

30

19

1-11

S1 & S2

S1 & S2

0.00

S & S

S

S

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SPSS operation and application

S1S2

SPSS
. ., 2008.09

ISBN 978-957-11-5341-4 ()
1.2.3.
512.4

97015173

1H58

SPSS

60.2






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