A PRESENTATION ON SOLVING LPP BY GRAPHICAL METHOD

Submitted By: Kratika Dhoot MBA- 2nd sem

What is LPP ???

Optimization technique To find optimal value of objective function, i.e. maximum or minimum LINEAR means all mathematical functions are required to be linear PROGRAMMING refers to Planning, not computer programming
KRATIKA DHOOT

What is graphical method ???

One of the LPP method Used to solve 2 variable problems of LPP

KRATIKA DHOOT

Steps for graphical method

FORMULATE THE PROBLEM ( for objective & constraints functions)

OUTLINE THE SOLUTION AREA ( area which satisfies the constraints)

FRAME THE GRAPH ( one variable on horizontal & other at vertical axes)

PLOT THE GRAPH ( one variable on horizontal & other at vertical axes)

CIRCLE POTENTIAL SOLUTION POINTS ( the intersection points of all constraints)

PLOT THE CONSTRAINTS (inequality to be as equality; give arbitrary value to variables & plot the point on graph )

SUBSTITUTE & FIND OPTIMIZED SOLUTION

KRATIKA DHOOT

LET US TAKE AN EXAMPLE!!!

SMALL SCALE ELECTRICAL REGULATORS INDUSTRY SALARY BILL NOT MORE THAN Rs. 60,000 pm ACCOMPLISHED BY SKILLED MEN & WOMEN WORKERS MALE WORKERS ARE PAID Rs.6,000pm & FEMALE WORKERS ARE PAID Rs.5,000pm BUT NUMBER OF WORKERS CANT EXCEED 11

DATA COLLECTED FOR THE PERFORMANCE

DATA INDICATED MALE MEMBERS CONTRIBUTES Rs.10,000pm & FEMALE MEMBERS CONTRIBUTES Rs.8,500pm

DETERMINE No. OF MALES & FEMALES TO BE EMPLOYED IN ORDER TO MAXIMIZE TOTAL RETURN

KRATIKA DHOOT

STEP 1-FORMULATE THE PROBLEM

Objective Function :Let no. of males be x & no. of females be y

Maximize Z = Contribution of Male members + contribution of Female members Max Z = 10,000x + 8,500y
Subjected To Constraints :-

x + y 11 6,000x + 5,000y 60,000

..(1) ..(2)
KRATIKA DHOOT

STEP 2- FRAME THE GRAPH

Let no. of Male Workers(x) be on horizontal axis & no. of Female Workers (y) be vertical axis..

No. of females

No. of males
KRATIKA DHOOT

STEP 3- PLOT THE CONSTRAINTS

To plot the constraints, we will opt an arbitrary value to the variables as:x + y 11:- converting as x + y = 11
x y 0 11 11 0

6,000x+5,000y60,000:- converting as 6x + 5y= 60

x
y

0
12

10
0
KRATIKA DHOOT

STEP 4- PLOT THE GRAPH

No. of females
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ( 11 , 0 )

No. of females

( 0 , 11 )

14 12 10 8 6 4 2

( 0 , 12 )

( 10 , 0 ) 0

2 4 6 8 10 12

2 4 6 8 10 12

No. of males

No. of males

x + y 11

6x + 5y 60
KRATIKA DHOOT

STEP 5- FIND THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION

No. of females
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6

OPTIMAL SOLUTION POINT

( 5, 6 )

FEASIBLE REGION

8
10 12

No. of males
KRATIKA DHOOT

No. of females
12 10 8 6 4 2 0

STEP 6- CIRCLE POTENTIAL OPTIMAL POINTS

( 0 , 11 )

( 5, 6 )

( 10 , 0 )

( 0,0)

10

12

No. of males
KRATIKA DHOOT

STEP 7- SUBSTITUE & OPTIMIZE

Max Z = 10,000x + 8,500y
POTENTIAL OPTIMAL PTS. Z = 10,000x + 8,500y MAXIMUM Z

(0,0) (0,11)

10,000(0) + 8,500(0) 10,000(0)+8,500(11)

0 93,500

(5,6)
(10,0)

10,000(5)+8,500(6)
10,000(10)+8,500(0)

1,01,000 1,01,000
1,00,000

KRATIKA DHOOT

CONCLUSION
Thus, maximum total return is about Rs.1,01,000 by adopting 5 male workers & 6 female workers. Hence, optimal solution for LPP is :No. of male workers = 5 No. of female workers = 6 Max. Z = Rs. 1,01,000
KRATIKA DHOOT

Let us take other example!!!

Find the maximum value of objective function Z= 4x + 2y s.t. x + 2y 4 3x + y 7 -x + 2y 7 &x0&y0

KRATIKA DHOOT

PLOT THE CONSTRAINTS

x + 2y = 4
x y x 0 2 0 7 4 0 7/3 0

3x + y = 7

0
7/2

-7
0
KRATIKA DHOOT

-x + 2y = 7

PLOTTING CONSTRAINTS TO GRAPH

KRATIKA DHOOT

x + 2y 4

x y

0 2

4 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

(0,2) (4,0) 1 2 3

6 7

X
KRATIKA DHOOT

3x + y 7

x y
(0,7)

0 7

7/3 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

( 7/3 , 0 ) 3 4 5 6 7

X
KRATIKA DHOOT

-x + 2y 7

x y

0 7/2

-7 0

( 0 , 7/2 )

( -7 , 0 ) -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

X
KRATIKA DHOOT

There is a common portion or common points which intersects by all 3 regions of lines
3x + y 7 -x + 2y 7

Y
x + 2y 4

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-7

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

X
KRATIKA DHOOT

CIRCLE THE POTENTIAL POINTS!!!

Y
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

(1,4)

(2,1) ( 4 ,0 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

KRATIKA DHOOT

STEP 7- SUBSTITUE & OPTIMIZE

Max Z = 4x + 2y
POTENTIAL OPTIMAL PTS. Z = 4x + 2y MAXIMUM Z

(1,4)

4(1) + 2(4)

12

(2,1)
(4,0)

4(2)+2(1)
4 (4)+ 2(0)

10
16
16

KRATIKA DHOOT

CONCLUSION
Hence, the optimal solution is: X=4 Y=0 Max z = 16

KRATIKA DHOOT

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(1) Maximize f(x) = x1 + 2x2 subject to: x1 + 2x2 3 x 1 + x2 2 x1 1 & x 1 , x2 0 (2) Maximize z = 4x+2y subject to: 4x+6y12 2x+4y4 & x0 ; y0
KRATIKA DHOOT

THANK YOU !!!

KRATIKA DHOOT