F = Total force exerted on an object immersed in the seawater

F = Finertia + Fdrag
Finertia = Cm V
Fdrag = 1/2 Cd V 2 A
2
F = Cm V + 1/2 Cd V A

Neglecting the inertia force

2
F = 1/2 Cd V A

=
Cd =
V=
V=
A=

(1025 kg/m3)
density of seawater
drag coefficient
total velocity exerted on the body
V current + V wave
surface area perpendicular to the flow of the water

V current =
V=
d=
z=

[V( z / d )] ^ 1/7
current velocity at the sea surface
the total depth from the seasurface to the base of the immersed object
the height from the seabed to the centre point of the object

Vwave=
H=
T=
k=
k=
L=
s=
d=

3.14 * H/T [ cosh (k*s) / sinh ( k*d) ]

wave height
wave period
wave number
(2*3.14) / L
wave length
the height from the seabed to the centre point of the object
the total depth from the seasurface to the base of the immersed object

For case 1, there are three separated objects

a) concrete base
Cd =

1.05

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
0.075 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.005805

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
0.075 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.000824

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.006629
0.15
0.15
lh
0.0225

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

12.26888 N

b) for emitter fitted in pvc casing

Cd =

1.9

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
0.25 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.006119

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
0.25 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.002747

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.008866
0.04
0.2
lh
0.008

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

7.928742 N

c) for marine nylon rope

(separated into every 1 m length)

for 0.65 m at the bottom most

Cd =
H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=

1.8
3.5
6
2*3.14/ L
60
0.104667
0.675

m
s
(for shallow water)
m

d=
Vw =
Vw =

13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.008285

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
0.675 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.007418

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.015703
0.01
0.65
lh
0.0065

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

6.186046 N

for first 1 m
Cd =

(total 1.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
1.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.018195

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
1.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.016484

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.034679
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

9.875919 N

for second 1 m
Cd =

(total 2.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
2.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.040404

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
2.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.027473

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.067876
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

10.51981 N

for third 1 m
Cd =

(total 3.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
3.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.07402

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
3.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.038462

V=
V=

(Vc+Vw)
1.112481

l=
h=
A=
A=
F=

0.01
1
lh
0.01
0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A
11.417 N

for fourth 1 m
Cd =

(total 4.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
4.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.119413

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
4.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.049451

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.168863
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

12.60358 N

for fifth 1 m
Cd =
H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

(total 5.65)
1.8
3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
5.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.17708

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
5.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.06044

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.23752
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

14.12768 N

for sixth 1 m
Cd =

(total 6.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
6.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.247655

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
6.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.071429

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.319083
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

16.05133 N

for 7th 1 m

(total 7.65)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=

3.5 m
6s

k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
7.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.33191

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
7.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.082418

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.414327
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

18.45297 N

for 8th 1 m
Cd =

(total 8.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
8.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.43077

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
8.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.093407

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.524176
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

21.43072 N
for 9th 1 m

(total 9.65)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
9.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.545318

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
9.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.104396

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.649713
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

25.10633 N

for 10th 1 m
Cd =

(total 10.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
10.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.67681

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
10.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.115385

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.792195
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

29.63036 N

for 11th 1 m
Cd =

(total 11.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
11.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.82669

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
11.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.126374

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.953063
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

35.18836 N

for 11th 1 m
Cd =
H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =

(total 11.65)
1.8

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
11.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))

Vw =

1.82669

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
11.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.126374

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.953063
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

35.18836 N

for 12th 1 m
Cd =

(total 12.65)
1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104667
12.5 m
13 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.996599

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
12.5 m
13 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.137363

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
2.133961
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

42.00872 N

1.5

For case 1, there are three separated objects

a) concrete base
Cd =
H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

1.05 (for cube)

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
0.075 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
0.947888385

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
0.075 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.000793651

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
0.948682036
0.15
0.15
lh
0.0225

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

10.89700225 N

b) for emitter fitted in pvc casing

Cd =

1.9

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

(assume)
(assume)
(according to assumed value of T)

(for thin plate normal to flow)

(assume)
(assume)

2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
6.825 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.200164404
1 m/s
6.825 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.072222222

(according to assumed value of T)

6.825

6.825

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.272386626
0.04
0.2
lh
0.008

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

12.61175859 N

c) for stainless steel wire rope from below which is 6.575 m long
for first 1 m

(total 1 m)

Cd =

1.8 (for wire six strand)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
0.65 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
0.950053626

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
0.65 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.006878307

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
0.956931932
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

8.447505224 N

for second 1 m

0.65

0.65

(total 2 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
1.65 m

1.65

d=
Vw =
Vw =

13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
0.962029434

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
1.65 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.017460317

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
0.979489752
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

8.850466603 N

for third 1 m

1.65

(total 3 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
2.65 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
0.984554007

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
2.65 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.028042328

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.012596335
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

9.458866096 N

for foruth 1 m

(total 4 m)

2.65

2.65

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
3.65 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.017874329

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
3.65 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.038624339

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.056498668
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

10.29684754 N

for fifth 1 m

3.65

3.65

(total 5 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
4.65 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.062355761

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
4.65 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.049206349

V=
V=
l=
h=

(Vc+Vw)
1.11156211
0.01
1

4.65

4.65

A=
A=

lh

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

11.39813625 N

0.01

for sixth 1 m

(total 6 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
5.65 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.118486047

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
5.65 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.05978836

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.178274407
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

12.80734958 N

for the rest 0.575 m

5.65

(total 6.575)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s

v=
z=

5.65

2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
6.15 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.151106682
1 m/s
6.4375 m

6.4375

6.4375

d=
Vc =
Vc =

13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.068121693

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.219228375
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

13.71312699 N

d) for stainless steel wire rope from above which is 6.575 m long
for first 0.575 m

(total 0.575 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L

6.925

60 (for shallow water)

0.104666667
7.2125 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.231017988

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
7.2125 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.076322751

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.307340739
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

15.76681473 N

for second 1 m

(total 1.575 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=

3.5 m
6s

7.2125

7.2125

k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

2*3.14/ L

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
8m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.084656085

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.384674104
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

17.68729889 N

60 (for shallow water)

0.104666667
8m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.300018019

for third 1 m

(total 2.575 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
9m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.400440074

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
2.65 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.028042328

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.428482402
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

18.82418419 N
for foruth 1 m

(total 3.575 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
10 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.516218116

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
10 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.105820106

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.622038222
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

24.27104874 N

for fifth 1 m

10

(total 4.575 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

10

2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
11 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.648621666
1 m/s
11 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.116402116

11

11

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.765023783
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

28.73872509 N

for sixth 1 m

(total 5.575 m)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
12 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.799102544

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
12 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.126984127

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.926086671
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

34.22299599 N

for the rest 1 m

12

12

(total 6.575)

Cd =

1.8

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =

3.5 m
6s
2*3.14/ L
60 (for shallow water)
0.104666667
13 m
13.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))

13

Vw =

1.96931079

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
13 m
13.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.137566138

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
2.106876927
0.01
1
lh
0.01

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

40.94913282 N

13

c) for C-channel which is 4.5m immersed inside the water

for first 1 m
Cd =

(total 1 m)
1.9

(for thin flate plate normal to flow)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
5.5 m
5.5
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.039465

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
5.5 m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.082707

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.122172
0.06
1
lh
0.06

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

73.57284 N

for second 1 m
Cd =

5.5

(total 2 m)
1.9

(for thin flate plate normal to flow)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
6.5 m
6.5
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.166691

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
5.5 m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.082707

6.5

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.249398
0.06
1
lh
0.06

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

91.20113 N

for third 1 m
Cd =

(total 3 m)
1.9

(for thin flate plate normal to flow)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
7.5 m
7.5
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.322734

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
7.5 m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.112782

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.435516
0.06
1
lh
0.06

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

120.3967 N

for fourth 1 m
Cd =
H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =

7.5

(total 4 m)
1.9

(for thin flate plate normal to flow)

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
8.5 m
8.5
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))

Vw =

1.511448

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
8.5 m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.12782

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.639267
0.06
1
lh
0.06

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

156.9995 N

for fifth 0.5 m

Cd =

8.5

(total 4.5 m)
1.9

(for thin flate plate normal to flow)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
9.25 m
9.25
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.677194

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
9.25 m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.139098

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.816292
0.06
1
lh
0.06

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

192.7391 N

9.25

a) for emitter fitted in pvc casing

Cd =

1.9 (for thin plate normal to flow)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
5.1 m
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
0.995918

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
5.1 m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.076692

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.072609
0.04
0.2
lh
0.008

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

8.962323 N

c) for PVC pipe which is 4.3m immersed in the water

for first 0.3 m

(total 0.3 m)

Cd =

(for cylinder pipe inside the water chosen between 0.6 to 1)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
5.35 m
5.35
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.022664

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
5.35 m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.080451

5.35

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.103115
0.025
1
lh
0.025

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

15.59105 N

for second 1 m

0.025

(total 1.3 m)

Cd =

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
6m
6
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.099688

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
6m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.090226

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.189914
0.025
1
lh
0.025

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

18.14115 N

for third 1 m

(for cylinder pipe inside the water chosen between 0.6 to 1)

(total 2.3 m)

Cd =

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =

3m
6s

(for cylinder pipe inside the water chosen between 0.6 to 1)

2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
7m
7
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))

Vw =

1.240887

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
7m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.105263

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.34615
0.025
1
lh
0.025

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

23.21779 N

for foruth 1 m

(total 3.3 m)

Cd =

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
8m
8
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.412736

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
8m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.120301

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.533036
0.025
1
lh
0.025

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

30.11195 N

for fifth 1 m
Cd =

(for cylinder pipe inside the water chosen between 0.6 to 1)

(total 4.3 m)
1

(for cylinder pipe inside the water chosen between 0.6 to 1)

H=
T=
k=
L=
k=
s=
d=
Vw =
Vw =

3m
6s
2*3.14/ L
40 (for shallow water)
(according to dpeth about 10m and T=6s)
0.157
9m
9
9.5 m
3.14 * H/T (cosh (k*s) / sinh (k*d))
1.619478

v=
z=
d=
Vc =
Vc =

1 m/s
9m
9.5 m
v ( z/d) ^ 1/7
0.135338

V=
V=
l=
h=
A=
A=

(Vc+Vw)
1.754817
0.025
1
lh
0.025

F=

0.5 * 1025* Cd* V^2 * A

39.45458 N