By Muneek Shah

On-board diagnostics, or OBD, is an automotive term

referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability

First Introduced by Volkswagon in 1969, Was implented by GM

in 1980 and Was made mandatory all vehicals in 1994 in USA,

Early instances of OBD would simply illuminate a malfunction

indicator light, but would not provide any information as to the nature of the problem. Modern OBD provides real-time data which allows one to rapidly identify and remedy malfunctions within the vehicle.

 Diagnostic imaging refers to technologies that doctors use to look inside your body

for clues about a medical condition.

Types of diagnostic imaging include:

X-rays for bones, lungs, abdomen and cavities in teeth

CT scans cross-sectional pictures for Cancer, Blood clots, signs of Heart Disease

and Internal Bleeding

Nuclear medicine detects energy from the radioactive substance for heart and

lungs working
MRI scans using magnet and radio waves for brain and spinal cord

Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves for heart, blood vessels, kidneys,

liver etc.
Vein visualization: shining an infra red light on the area, observing it with a

camera, and projecting the image onto the patient's skin

 1895- Invention of x-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen (NP in 1901) 1896- First x-ray machine by GE 1920- First portable x-ray machine by GE 1965- First real-time Ultrasound diagnostic by Siemens 1971- Invention of CT by Dr. G. N. Hounsfield (NP in 1979) Digitizing Imaging 1974- Computed Tomography developed by Siemens 1983- Magnetic Resonance Imaging developed by Siemens 1998- PillCam, first capsule endoscopy by Given Imaging

2007- Pocket Ultrasound System by Siemens

2009- 4D Ultrasound Technology developed by GE 2010- Invention of AccuVein

 GE Siemens Given Imaging- PillCam

Texas Instruments- Microcontrollers, Ferroelectric

random-access memory (FRAM), miniature

Ultrasound scanner