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Aggrega6on
2

New York

More Is Dierent
4

More Is Dierent
5

More Is Dierent
Source: scientopia.org
6

Aggrega6on
Ac6ons Single Rule Family of Rules Preferences

Predict Points Understand Data

Understand Pa/erns
9

Understand Class of Outcome

10

Source: /uncomp.uwe.ac.uk

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Work Through Logic

www.mylot.com

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Model Thinking

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Probability Distribu6on

Central Limit Theorem

Flip a Coin 2 Times

Flip a Coin 4 Times

Flip a Coin N Times

Bell Curve

N/2

Binomial Distribu6on
Mean = pN

22

Bell Curve

pN

1 s.d. 68% 2 s.d. 95% 3 s.d. 99.75%

25

Binomial Distribu6on P=1/2

Mean = N/2 S.D. =

N 2

26

Binomial Distribu6on
Mean = pN S.D. =

!!" ! ! #"

28

Boeing 747: 380 seats 90% show up rate Sell 400 Tickets

29

Mean = pN S.D. =

!!" ! ! #"

30

342 348 354 360 366 372 378

Number people on plane Total weight of bags Number of snack boxes buy Total Age

Central Limit Theorem: Add random variables - independent - nite variance Sum to a normal distribu6on

Bimodal Distribu6on
34

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Six Sigma

Average Banana Sales: 500 lbs Standard Devia6on: 10 lbs

39

Required Metal Thickness: 500-560 mm Mean 530 Six Sigma Standard Devia6on?
40

Model Thinking

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Game of Life
43

1 4 6

2 X 7

3 5 8

Rules
If o you turn on if 3 neighbors on If on stay on if 2 or 3 neighbors on

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1 4 6

2 X 7

3 5 8

1 4 6

2 X 7

3 5 8

1 4 6

2 X 7

3 5 8

Beacon

Figure 8

F-Pimento

Netlogo

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59

Understand Class of Outcome

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61

Self Organiza:on: Pa/erns appear without a designer

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Emergence Func6onali6es appear: gliders, glider guns counters, computers

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Logic Right: Simple rules produce incredible phenomena

64

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1D Cellular Automata
67

1D Cellular Automata
68

 X X

 X X

Four Classes of Behavior

 X X

 X X

 X X

2 4 8 16

Sum = 30

Netlogo

79

2 4 8

32 64

Sum = 110

Source: wolfram.com

81

Source: /uncomp.uwe.ac.uk

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Four Classes of Behavior

 It From Bit

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 Langtons
85

 X X

Langtons
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 X X

87

 X X

 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ALL Rules 1 8 28 56 70 56 38 8 1

Class III 0 0 2 4 20 4 2 0 0

Class IV 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 0

93

 Simple rules combine to form anything it from bit Complexity and randomness require interdependency

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Preference Aggrega6on

How Many?

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How Many?

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vs vs vs

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Condorcet Paradox
Each Person Ra6onal Collec6ve NOT

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