World War I Deaths

by country and source

Austria-Hungary
2.6 100

This chart highlights the variance between different sources reporting the death toll numbers for the belligerent nations during World War I. Different sources cite differing figures. The scale on the left of each chart gives the number of casualties, the colored dots represent different sources of information, while the dotted lines give percentage differences between some of the largest inconsistencies.
France
18 16.3 Eckhardt 20% Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, S&S, Wallechinsky Urlanis

Belgium
120

Bulgaria

Germany
2.5 2.4 1.2 Eckhardt 214% 1.15

Great Britain (& Empire)

28

Greece
1,000 Urlanis 950 Eckhardt 26

Italy

Eckhardt 27% Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, S&S, Wallechinsky E&C
Casualties (in thousands)

2.3

Eckhardt

88

Eckhardt

91% Higher

88 Casualties (in thousands)

Casualties (in thousands)

95 90

Paschall Hammond

Britannica, Compton's, Davies, S&S, Urlanis

13.9 13.6 13.3 Casualties (in millions)

E&C, Paschall

2.0 1.85 1.77 Casualties (in millions)

Urlanis, E&C Paschall

Casualties (in thousands)

Casualties (in millions)

Casualties (in millions)

420%

76

1.2 1.1 1.0

Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, Paschall, S&S, Wallechinsky Urlanis E&C 20% Higher

542%

214%

38

462 460

E&C (462,400), Tucker (462,391)

Paschall

Urlanis 177%

28
Britannica, Compton's, Davies, Hammond,Tucker

Eckhardt

28
5 Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, E&C, Eckhardt, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, S&S, Wallechinsky 0

13.7 14

S&S

Japan
400 Britannica, Brzezinski, Compton's, Davies, E&C, Eckhardt, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, Paschall, S&S, Tucker, Urlanis,Wallechinsky Casualties (in thousands) 4

Montenegro
14
Britannica, Brzezinski, Compton's, Davies, E&C, Eckhardt, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, Paschall, S&S, Tucker, Urlanis,Wallechinsky

Portugal
400 Eckhardt 375 340 335 13

Romania
3.2
Eckhardt Paschall Britannica, Brzezinski, Compton's, Davies, E&C, Eckhardt, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, Paschall, S&S, Tucker, Urlanis,Wallechinsky E&C 36%

Russia
300 Eckhardt 278 Urlanis 2.95

Serbia
900 804 Urlanis

Turkey
130 126 116

United States
Eckhardt Paschall

74%

Casualties (in thousands)

Casualties

7.2 7

Urlanis

Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, Paschall, S&S, Wallechinsky

128

Eckhardt, E&C

518%

220

1.8 1.7

Urlanis, E&C

Casualties (in thousands)

450

Eckhardt

Casualties (in thousands)

Casualties (in millions)

Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, E&C, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, S&S, Tucker,Wallechinsky

Casualties (in thousands)

250

Urlanis

Casualties (in thousands)

189%

350 278 236

Paschall

Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, S&S, Wallechinsky

53.4 51.8 50.6

Compton's

E&C

149% Britannica, Hammond, Tucker 0

300

80%

E&C

70 45
0 0

Davies S&S Britannica, Compton's, Hammond, Tucker

0

48

Designed by Neil Anderson, 2008 Sources: White (2008), Encyclopaedia Britannica (1992), Brzezinski (1993), Comptons (1997), Davies (1998), Eckhardt/Sivard (1987), Ellis & Cox (2001), Encarta (1995), Gilbert (1997), Hammond (1996), Paschall, Small & Singer (1982), Tucker (1999), Urlanis (1971), Wallechinsky (1995)

Notes: Eckhardt in some cases mixes civilian death tolls with military death tolls. Which cases? Nobody knows for sure. Urlanis is the only Russian Soviet author in my list of sources (Brzezinski was Polish). The majority of the sources listed here are British of various descent (Davies, Gilbert, Ellis & Cox, et.al.).

39%

Britannica, Brzezinski, Davies, Encarta, Gilbert, Hammond, S&S, Wallechinsky

0.913 0.908 0.887

Urlanis

650 600 578

Britannica, Compton's, Davies, S&S Hammond Urlanis

46%

102

E&C

16%