Reciprocal Obligations Rescission March 14, 2012

F.F. CRUZ & CO., INC vs. HR CONSTRUCTION CORP. March 14,2012 FACTS: FFCCI entered into a contract with DPWH for the construction of the Magsaysay Viaduct. FFCCI, in turn, entered into a Subcontract Agreement with HRCC for the supply of materials, labor, equipment, tools and supervision for the construction of a portion of the said project. Pursuant to the Subcontract Agreement, HRCC would submit to FFCCI a monthly progress billing which the latter would then pay within 30 days from receipt thereof. The parties agreed that the requests of HRCC for payment should include progress accomplishment of its completed works as approved by FFCCI. Eventually, FFCCI did not pay the amount stated in the second and third progress billing, even though HRCC submitted its progress billins claiming that it had already paid HRCC for the completed works for the period stated therein. HRCC demanded payment but still was not paid so HRCC halted the construction of the subcontracted project. ISSUE: Whether FFCCIs non-compliance with their contract make HRCC rescission valid RULING NO, HRCC had waived its right to rescind the Subcontract agreement The determination of the validity of HRCCs work stoppage depends on a determination of the following: first, whether HRCC has the right to extrajudicially rescind the Subcontract Agreement; and second, whether FFCCI is already barred from disputing the work stoppage of HRCC. HRCC had waived its right to rescind the Subcontract Agreement. The right of rescission is statutorily recognized in reciprocal obligations. Article 1191 of the Civil Code pertinently reads:Art. 1191. The power to rescind obligations is implied in reciprocal ones, in case one of the obligors should not comply with what is incumbent upon him.The injured party may choose between the fulfillment and the rescission of the obligation, with the payment of damages in either case. He may also seek rescission, even after he has chosen fulfillment, if the latter should become impossible. Contrary to the respective dispositions of the CIAC and the CA, we find that HRCC had no right to rescind the Subcontract Agreement in the guise of a work stoppage, the latter having waived such right in its Subcontract Agreement, Hence, in spite of the existence of dispute or controversy between the parties during the course of the Subcontract Agreement, HRCC had agreed to continue the performance of its obligations pursuant to the Subcontract Agreement. In view of the provision of the Subcontract Agreement quoted above, HRCC is deemed to have effectively waived its right to effect extrajudicial rescission of its contract with FFCCI.1wphi1 Accordingly, HRCC, in the guise of rescinding the Subcontract Agreement, was not justified in implementing a work stoppage.