CHAPTER 19: BIRDS VOCABULARY ____contour feather____ ____supracoracoideus____ ____high aspect ratio____ ____down feather____ ____crop____ ____low aspect

ratio____ ____filoplume feather____ ____gizzard____ ____sun-azimuth orientation____ ____powder down feather____ ____air sacs____ ____fovea____ ____syrinx____ ____salt glands____ ____wing slot____ ____pneumatized____ ____alula____ ____altricial____ ____pectoralis____ ____precocial____ Order Struthioniformes (ostrich form)-15 species of flightless birds of Africa, S.America, and Australia. The ostrich of Africa, is the larges of living birds. Ex: ostrich, rheas, emus, & kiwis. Order Sphenisciformes (wedge form)-17 species of web-footed marine swimmers from Antarctica to the Galapagos. Ex: penguins. Order Procellariiformes (tempest form)-115 species worldwide. Marine birds with hooked beak Albatrosses are the larges of flying birds. Ex: albatrosses, petrels, shearwaters. Order Pelecaniformes (pelican form)-65 species worldwide especially tropics. Colonial fisheaters with throat pouch. Ex: pelicans, cormorants, boobies. Order Ciconiiformes (stork form)-120 species worldwide. Long-necked, long-legged mostly colonial waders and vultures. Ex: herons, bitterns, storks, flamingos & vultures. Order Falconiformes (falcon form)-310 species worldwide. Diurnal birds of prey. All are strong fliers with keen vision and sharp curved talons. Ex: eagles, hawks, falcons, condors, & buzzards. Order Anseriformes (goose form)- 160 species worldwide. Broad bills with filtering ridges at margins, long breastbone with low keel. Ex: swans, geese, & ducks. Order Galliformes (cock form)-290 species worldwide distribution. Chicken-like ground-nesting herbivores with strong beaks and heavy feet. Ex: quail, pheasants, turkeys & domestic fowl. Order Columbiformes (dove form)-320 species worldwide. Short necks, short legs and slender bill. Ex: pigeons, doves and the extinct dodo. Order Psittaciformes (parrot form)-3709 species pantropical distribution. Birds with hinged and movable upper beak and fleshy tongue. Ex: parrots & parakeets. Order Cuculiformes (cuckoo form)-150 species worldwide. Some lay their eggs in nests of smaller birds that raise the young cuckoos. Ex: cuckoo & roadrunners. Order Strigiformes (screech owl form) 185 species worldwide. Nocturnal predators with large eyes, powerful beaks and feet and silent flight. Ex: owls. Order Apodiformes (footless form)-435 species worldwide. Small birds with short legs and rapid wingbeat. Most hummingbirds are found in tropics, but there are 14 species in the U.S. Ex: swifts & hummingbirds. Order Piciformes (woodpecker form)-410 species worldwide. Birds with highly specialized bills and two two toes extending forward and two backwards. All nest in cavities. Ex.:woodpeckers, toucans, puffbirds. Order Passeriformes (sparrow form)-5900 species worldwide. Largest order containing 60% of birds. Most have a highly developed syrinx. Feet adapted for perching on stems. Young are altricial. Ex: mockingbird, jays, swallows, crows, nuthatches and creepers.