Name: ___________________ ( Periodic Table

Class: ___________

Elements in the PT are arranged in order of increasing proton number (atomic number). From left to right across the PT, the elements have increasing no. of proton. Every element in the PT belongs to a particular Group and Period.

Group The vertical columns in the PT are called Groups. The Group number tells us the number of valence electrons (outer shell electrons) an element has. E.g. Group I elements will have 1 valence eGroup II elements will have 2 valence eElements in the same group therefore have similar electronic configuration. Elements in the same Group: (a) have similar chemical properties. (b) form ions with the same charge. (c) form compounds with similar formula.

Period The horizontal rows in the PT are called periods. The period number indicates the no. of electron shells. Elements in the same period have the same no. of shells. E.g. The period 4 atoms each have 4 shells containing electrons.

Metals and Non-metals 1

1. As we move from left to right, the elements changes from metals to non-metals. 2. The properties of elements therefore changes from metallic to nonmetallic. Metallic Properties appear shiny, ductile and malleable good conductors of heat and electricity high melting and boiling point high densities usually form ionic compounds tend to form basic or amphoteric oxides always form positive ions (cations) Non-metallic Properties appear dull, soft, brittle poor conductors of heat and electricity low melting and boiling point low densities usually form covalent compounds tend to form acidic oxides always form negative ions (anions)

3. In the periodic table, metals and non-metals are divided by a staircase line. 4. Elements close to the staircase (e.g. silicon, germanium) can have metallic and non-metallic properties. 5. These elements are called metalloids.

Group I VII 0

Chemical Families Alkali metals Halogens Transition metals Noble gases

Reactivity Very reactive; form ions with a charge of 1+. Very reactive; form ions with a charge of 1-. Form ions with variable charge. Inert (unreactive); outermost shell completely filled.