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GYRO STEERING
INTRODUCTION
MAGNETIC REFERENCE UNRELIABLE CLOSER TO MAGNETIC POLES UNCOMPENSATED GYRO USED AS HEADING REFERENCE HIGHLY ACCURATE GYRO MAKE BETTER HEADING REFERENCE THAN BEST OF GYRO-MAGNETIC COMPASS
AIM
THE AIM OF THIS CLASS IS TO LEARN GYRO STEERING TECHNIQUE AND USE OF UNCOMPENSATED GRYO AS A HEADING REFERENCE
GYRO DRIFT
REAL DRIFT APPARENT DRIFT EARTH RATE = 15.04 X SIN (/HR) TRANSPORT WANDER = G/SPD X SIN TRK X TAN 60
PHASE I
GYRO STEERING
IF AIRCRAFT FLIES SOLELY BY REFERENCE TO HIGH DRIFT RATE GYRO, IT WILL BE FOLLOWING A CURVED PATH, EVEN THROUGH INDICATED GYRO HEADING REMAINS UNCHANGED
GYRO STEERING
AIM OF UNCOMPENSATED GYRO STEERING IS TO CALCULATE AVERAGE HEADING THAT HAS BEEN FLOWN AND TO DETERMINE NEXT GYRO HEADING TO BE STEERED IN ORDER TO MAKE GOOD NEXT DR TRACK/HEADING
GYRO STEERING
DEFINITIONS INITIAL HEADING TRUE OR GRID HEADING OF AIRCRAFT AT BEGINNING OF GYRO STEERING PERIOD. FINAL HEADING TRUE OR GRID HEADING OF AN AIRCRAFT AT THE END OF GYRO STEERING PERIOD. THIS HEADING MAY BE DETERMINED BY ASTRO. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THIS AND INITIAL HEADING IS GYRO DRIFT FOR THE PERIOD
GYRO STEERING
DEFINITIONS DESIRED HEADING TRUE OR GRID HEADING DETERMINED BY NORMAL NAVIGATIONAL METHODS WHICH IS DESIRED TO FLY FOR SOME TIME AHEAD GYRO STEERING PERIODS PERIOD INTO WHICH A FLIGHT IS DIVIDED TO ASSESS AND ALLOW FOR GYRO DRIFT
GYRO STEERING
DEFINITIONS AVERAGE HEADING MEAN OF THE INITIAL AND FINAL HEADINGS FOR ANY REQUIRED PERIOD. IT IS USED TO MAINTAIN AIR PLOT IF REQUIRED. THE AIM OF GYRO STEERING IS TO KEEP AVERAGE HEADING AS CLOSE TO DESIRED HEADING AS POSSIBLE
GYRO STEERING
GYRO DRIFT DURING AVERAGE HEADING PERIOD
CONSTANT GYRO HEADING
FINAL HEADING
1050
GYRO STEERING
USUALLY TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN TWO HEADING CHECKS IS APPROX 20 MINUTES, ENABLING HEADING TO BE READJUSTED TO COMPENSATE FOR GYRO DRIFT BEFORE AIRCRAFT IS FAR OFF- TRACK
GYRO STEERING
GYRO CORRECTION GRAPH TOTAL DRIFT OF A GYRO AT ANY TIME IS EQUAL TO THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRID HEADING AND GYRO READING GYRO DR=GRID HDG-GYRO READING THIS DIFFERENCE IS COMPUTED AT THE TIME OF HEADING CHECKS AND IS PLOTTED ON A GRAPH AS A GYRO CORRECTION THE GRID HEADING FOR ANY TIME CAN BE DETERMINED BY EXTRACTING THE GYRO CORRECTION FOR THAT TIME FROM THE GRAPH AND APPLYING IT TO THE GYRO READING
GYRO STEERING
GYRO CORRECTION GRAPH
AVERAGE HEADING CAN BE FOUND BY EXTRACTING GYRO CORRECTION FOR MID TIME OF THE PERIOD AND APPLYING TO GYRO HEADING STEERED
GYRO READING TO STEER IS DETERMINED BY APPLYING AVERAGE CORRECTION EXPECTED FOR THE NEXT PERIOD TO DESIRED HEADING
GYRO STEERING
GYRO CORRECTION GRAPH AVERAGE CORRECTION IS PREDICTED BY EXTENDING THE GYRO DRIFT LINE TO MID TIME OF THE NEXT PERIOD
HEADING CHECKS AND ALTERATIONS MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED AT ANY TIME, AND AS LONG AS GYRO READINGS STEERED ARE RECORDED, AVERAGE HEADINGS CAN BE COMPUTED
GYRO STEERING
ACTIVITY CYCLE PRE FLIGHT SET UP THE GYRO MODE OF OPERATION. IT INCLUDES SETTING LOCAL GRIVATION SYNCHRONISING AND CHECKING COMPASSES SELECTING DG MODE OF OPERATION ZEROING THE VSC FINALLY CHECK ALL COMPASS READINGS
GYRO STEERING
ACTIVITY CYCLE IN FLIGHT, REGULAR CYCLE IS MAINTAINED. IT INCLUDES CARRY OUT ASTRO HEADING CHECK CARRY OUT COMPASS COMPARISON PLOT GYRO CORRECTION PREDICT AVERAGE GYRO CORRECTION ALTER HEADING AS REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN TRACK
GYRO STEERING
ACTIVITY CYCLE IN FLIGHT, FIRST THREE HEADING CHECKS TAKEN IN QUICK SUCCESSION TO ESTABLISH INITIAL ALIGNMENT ERROR AND ANY LARGE DRIFT TENDENCY. THEREAFTER A CYCLE OF 20 MIN IS FOLLOWED
GYRO STEERING
CALCULATION OF GYRO READING (GR) FOR A DESIRED GRID HEADING (GH) OF SAY 015 AND A PREDICTED AVERAGE GYRO CORRECTION (GC) OF + 7 WILL BE
GH GC = GR 015 (+ 7) = 008
FIX PROCEDURES
NDB AND RELATIVE RADAR BEARING: APPLY SPOT GYRO CORRECTION FOR THE TIME OF BEARING TO GYRO READING TO OBTAIN GRID HEADING. ADD BEARING TO GRID HEADING AND PLOT RECIPROCAL AS GRID BEARING GYRO / COMPASS ORIENTED RADAR BEARINGS: THESE WILL BE IN GRID AND WILL REQUIRE CORRECTION FOR GYRO ERROR
FIX PROCEDURES
VOR AND TACAN: RADIALS CAN BE PLOTTED DIRECTLY FROM MAGNETIC MERIDIAN THROUGH THE STATION. IF DESIRE TO PLOT GRID BEARINGS, THEN MAGNETIC BEARING TO BE CONVERTED TO GRID BEARING BY APPLICATION OF THE VALUE OF GRIVATION AT STATION
FIX PROCEDURES
PIN-POINTS: PIN-POINTS AND FIXES FROM HYPERBOLIC RADIO AIDS SHOULD BE TRANSFERRED FROM APPROPRIATE CHART TO GRID CHART IN TERMS OF THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL CO-ORDINATES
POSITIONS GIVEN BY COMPUTER ARE COMPARED WITH ACCURATE FIXES; ANY ACROSS TRACK ERROR IS ATTRIBUTED TO MISALIGNMENT OF HEADING REFERENCE
GYRO OUTPUT TO NAVIGATION COMPUTER IS RE-ALIGNED AND COMPUTER IS RESET TO THE FIX COORDINATES
FMA TECHNIQUE REMOVES REQUIREMENT OF ASTRO HEADING CHECKS
SUMMARY