TOWERONYAHOO.

COM

405

SO B THl CNG SN LlN HP THP - BTNG

l. THl CNG TAO NP SONG CHO TM TN.
Dng phuong php gia cong nguoi, c the lm duoc nep sng m khong the
dng phuong php cn nng : cau kien ny c be mat nhan, c the qut ngay son
bao ve len : cung do thp duoc tang len. Cc phuong php : gap bang my gap
mp : dap khuon bang my p v cn lien tuc.
Gii thieu v phan tch cc phuong php thi cong:
I.1. My gap mp.
Than my gom hai tht, tht dui gan thuc tao hnh ben dui, tht tren co
dinh gan thuc tao hnh ben tren v kep chat ban thp. Tht dui di len, gap mp
v tao gc cho ban thp. Thay doi thuc tao hnh th tao duoc cc hnh dang khc
nhau. Phai nhieu dong tc mi tao duoc hnh hon chinh (hnh 1). V du, hnh
mng sau day can 6 dong tc.
1
2

3,4

5

6










Hinh 1. May gap mp. 1- Dam gap dt duoi. 2-\it chinh thuoc gap. 3-Doi trong. 4-Dam
tao hinh. 5- Banh xe di chuyen dam de p ban thp. 6- Ihuoc tao hinh duoi. 7- Ihuoc
tao hinh tren. 8 Dam p. 9- Ban thp. 10- Be chn.
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Cch che tao ny c nhuoc diem sau :
- Nang suat thap, nhieu thao tc :
- o chnh xc km :
- Chi gap duoc ban thp dy khong qu 3mm, chieu di khong qu 6 m.
ong thi gi thiet bi re, de c. C the dat duoc nhieu hnh dang bang viec
thay doi de dng thuc tao hnh. Cong nghe ny thch hop vi viec san xuat theo
quy mo nho, nhieu loai hnh khc nhau.
I.2. My p khuon :
My dng cho day chuyen san xuat hng loat nho. My gom c than my,
bn my, dam p. Khuon coi tao hnh dat tren bn my. Dam p o ben tren di
xuong, c gan chy tao hnh. Luc p t 40 den 150 tan, p tren ton bo chieu di
thanh (Hnh 2).
Phuong php ny c the tao duoc thanh di ti 6 m, rong 250 - 500mm, dy
ti 16 mm. Bang cch di chuyen dai thp theo chieu di, c the lm duoc thanh
di ti 12 m, tat nhien vi cc sai lech ve kch thuc tiet dien, ve do phang cua
mat. e tao duoc mot tiet dien, cng phai nhieu nguyen cong : moi lan p chi tao
duoc mot gc. Do d nang suat thap, kh co gii ho ton bo.
Uu diem cua phuong php : thay the cc khuon tao hnh gi re, c the tao duoc
nhieu hnh dang. C loi khi san xuat hng loat nho, dac biet hay duoc dng de che
tao cc cau kien khong dien hnh.













Hinh 2 . May p khuon.
I.3. My cn truc lan.
ay l loai my nang suat cao nhat, dng o cc nh my luyen kim, nh my
san xuat hng loat ln. My gom mot dy cc truc cn, c hnh dang khc nhau
(hnh 3). Dai thp di qua cc truc cn, dan dan duoc thay doi hnh dang . C the
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407
cn duoc dai thp dy 0,3 den 18 mm, rong 20 den 2000 mm. Toc do cn 10 den
30 m/pht.
Loai my c nang suat cao, su dung t nhan cong, moi nam c the san xuat
hng trieu mt cau kien. Tuy nhien moi bo truc cn chi dng cho mot loai tiet
dien , muon doi tiet dien phai thay doi truc cn, do d gi thnh cao. Hien nay o
Viet Nam , ben canh cc my cn ln cua cc cong ty nuc ngoi, nhieu cong ty
nho trong nuc cng d c nhieu my cn, san xuat hn loat tiet dien thnh mong,
ong c moi hn de su dung trong xay dung.













Hinh 3. May can truc ln.

T ket qua gii thieu v phan tch 3 phuong n ng vi 3 loai my de tao
nep sng cho tam ton. Ta thay rang, chi c loai my cn truc lan mi dem lai hieu
qua hon ca. Do d My cn truc lan l loai my duoc lua chon de thi cong tao nep
cho tam ton.
Tam ton duoc tao nep theo thiet ke s c dang sau day (hnh 4) :



Hinh 4. Kich thuoc cua tam ton sau khi qua may can truc ln.

ll. TRNH TU THl CNG SN COMPOSlTE CHO MT TNG DlN HNH.
Khi cc dam cua sn d duoc thi cong lap dung xong, ta mi tien hnh thi
cong sn Lien hop Thp - Betong. Cc buc the hien nhu sau :
1. Buoc 1 : Lap dat he sn cong tc :
Dng can truc thp cau sn cong tc dat vo vi tr de phuc vu cho viec thi
cong sn.
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408

s

n
g
ia
c

n
g

s

n

c

n
g

t

c


2. Buoc 2 : at lop thp da tao sng len dam :
- Can phai luu dat sao cho nep sng the hien dng phuong chiu luc cua n.
- Sau khi tam duoc dat vo dng vi tr th hn de lien ket n vo cnh dam de
trnh gi lat.


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409
s

n

c

n
g

t

c
t
m
th
p

to
n
p
h
n
c
h

t li
n
kt v
o
d

m
s

n
g
ia c

n
g


Lp ghp tam ton gap nep vo dam








Hn mau neo vo dam

3. Buoc 3: at cot thp trn len sn.
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Theo thiet ke, ta dat thp trn 150 6 len sn theo hai phuong.

t
h

p
t
r

n
6 a
150

n

c

n
g

t

c
t
m
t
h

o
n

p
h

n
c
h

t li
n
k

t
v

o
d

m
s

n
g
ia
c

n
g



4. Buoc 4: Dung he cay chong v x go .
Theo tnh ton, ta chi can dat mot hng chong gia hai dam, v khi mi do,
betong chua lm viec lien hop duoc vi sn. Khoang cch cc cay chong trong
mot hng l 1,5m.
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411
sn thp
dm sn dm sn
cy chng
x g
dm sn
sn thp x g
cy chng


5. Buoc 5: o betong sn .
b

n
g

m

l

n
c

y
c
h

n
g

Nhu vay l d hon thien viec thi cong sn lien hop tang dien hnh.

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412
ll. TRNH TU THl CNG SN COMPOSlTE THEO CHlU CAO CNG
TRNH.
Mot so diem can luu :
- Lp betong tren sn lien hop rat mong nen anh huong cua nhiet do, do am v
gi tren cao den su pht trien cung do cua betong l rat quan trong. ieu ny
can den van de bao dung that kip thi v khoa hoc.
- e rt ngan thi gian thi cong, can phai c bien php phoi hop trnh tu cong
viec hop l.
e dua ra duoc giai php thi cong tot nhat th mau chot deu xuat pht t qu
trnh pht trien cung do cua betong sn. Do d ta can phai nghien cu su pht
trien cung do cua betong trong dieu kien kh hau nng am o mien bac nuc ta.

ll.1. NGHlN CUU SU PHAT TRlN CUNG D CUA BTNG TRONG
DlU KlN KHl HU NONG M O MlN BC NUC TA.
I. ac diem kh hau o mien Bac.
oi vi betong, cc dieu kien kh hau l yeu to quyet dinh den chat luong v
cong nghe betong, dac biet l su pht trien cung do betong trong thi ky dau,
van de bao dung, thi diem tot de do betong, van de tho cop pha
ac diem kh hau o mien Bac nuc ta l nhiet di nng am v phan ho theo
ma r ret, xt ve do am khong kh ta thay c nhng bien dong theo thi gian,
theo ma. Cc thong so kh hau c lien quan den cong nghe betong can quan tam
l: nhiet do, do am khong kh, toc do gi, bc xa mat tri, luong mua v luong
nuc boc hoi. Cc thong so ny anh huong den cong nghe betong l thi gian
dng ran cua betong, thi gian tho vn khuon v bao dung.
ac diem kh hau mien Bac l do am KK v toc do gi ni chung on dinh
trong nam, rieng nhiet do khong kh, bc xa mat tri Q, luong mua v luong boc
hoi phan thnh hai ma r ret.
Sau day l bang do cc thong so kh hau o mien bac nuc ta:

Ten ma Thng Nhiet do
(t
0
c)
o am
(%)
Van toc
gi (m/s)
Bc xa
mat tri
(Kcal/m
2
h)
Luong
mua
(mm)
Luong
boc hoi
(mm)
Ma nng 4 - 9 > 27 84 - 88 2,2 -
3,0
> 700 > 190 2,2 -
3,3
Ma lanh 10 - 3 < 25 81 - 88 2,2 -
2,9
< 600 < 150 1,8 -
3,1

II. Nghien cu ve qu trnh dng ran cua betong trong nhung gi dau.
II.1. Su dng ran cua betong trong dieu kien kh hau cua mien Bac:
oi vi vng kh hau nng am cua mien Bac nuc ta c mot loat qu trnh
vat l xay ra lm anh huong den qu trnh dng ran cua betong nhu su mat nuc,
bien dang mem, su thay doi cau trc rong
Tren co so l thuyet co ban cua cc nh khoa hoc tien boi ve qu trnh thuy
ho v dng ran cua ximang nhu Losatolie (1987)Kien nghi phan chia qu trnh
dng ran trong dieu kien kh hau mien Bac nuc ta thnh 5 giai doan:
1 Giai doan ho tan.
2 Giai doan hnh thnh cau trc dong tu:
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413
Cc hat ximang lien ket lien ket vi nhau qua lp mng mong tao thnh lui
khong gian xop, sau d hnh thnh cc mam hydrt tao ra cc gen dong tu roi
vng dong tu. Cau trc dong tu ny hnh thnh dan den ninh ket cua ho ximang.
e kip tao hnh hon hop betong xi mang can c phu gia thach cao 3 - 5% . Cau
trc dong tu duoc tao thnh v lai bi ph v do van chuyen, do, dam. Sau khi tao
hnh xong, cau trc phuc hoi v chuyen sang cau trc tinh the - bat dau qu trnh
dng ran betong.
3 Giai doan hnh thnh cau trc ban dau:
Cau trc ban dau d mang tnh on dinh v duoc boi dap bo xung them do thuy
ho ximang. ay l qu trnh tinh the ho lm cho cung do betong tang len
nhanh chng. Trong khi chua hnh thnh xong cau trc ban dau cung do betong
pht trien, dong thi van chiu tc dong cua cc qu trnh vat l m c kha nang
lm thay doi su hnh thnh cau trc ban dau - d l su mat nuc, co no mem, su
hnh thnh cc vet nt trong betong, hnh thnh cau trc rong.
Khi dat duoc 3 - 5 daN/cm
2
, tuy theo ty le N/X duoc coi l hnh thnh cau
trc ban dau (tc cung do ban dau) v n khong bi cc yeu to kh hau lm mat
nuc. ay l so lieu dng tin cay thch hop cho moi vng the gii.
Theo so lieu nghien cu tai H Noi th betong dat yeu cau ny sau 2,5 -
4,5h, cn ma dong sau 4,5 - 10h (theo TCVN 5592 - 1991 vng t Dien
Chau tro ra Bac lay 5 - 10h). Tuy theo nhiet do moi trung, ty le N/X. Khi ket
thc giai doan ny betong mi c cung do ban dau v cho php tui nuc tren be
mat betong. Ket thc giai doan ny l ket thc bao dung ban dau. Neu theo quan
diem ny th qu trnh bien dang mem gan nhu ket thc truc khi ket thc bao
dung ban dau. Thi diem ket thc giai doan ny tuong ng vi thi ky on dinh
co mem v sau d qu trnh mat nuc tiep theo xay ra rat cham, betong c du
cung do de gi duoc cau trc khong bi thay doi dui tc dong cua cc qu trnh
vat l ni tren - chnh l thi diem ket thc dong ket cua ho xi mang.
4 - Giai doan hnh thnh cau trc dng ran.
Qu trnh lien ket xay ra truc tiep o pha ran, betong dac chac them, gia tang
them cung do, c the tu gi am de dng ran o moi trung tu nhien. Ket thc giai
doan ny betong c duoc cung do nhat dinh

(theo vng kh hau) - c cau

trc tot tu pht trien khong can bao dung na.
5 - Giai doan pht trien cung do l giai doan cn lai:
Betong duoc pht trien cung do ko di nhieu nam sau. Bien dang cua
betong trong giai doan ny phu thuoc vo bien dang cng.
Tm lai su dng ran v pht trien cung do cua betong theo 5 giai doan :
T khi tron, ho tan -> chuyen sang cau trc dong tu -> hnh thnh
xong cau trc dong tu (tao hnh xong) -> chuyen sang cau trc tinh the (bat
dau dong ket) -> hnh thnh xong cau trc ban dau (dat cung do ban dau 4
5 daN/cm
2
) -> chuyen sang cau trc dng ran -> Betong dat cung do nhat
dinh

-> Betong lien tuc pht trien cung do.

Th nghiem ve xi mang cho thay: 1 - 3h sau khi nho tron s deo de tao hnh
, sau d bat dau ninh ket, dac set dan, mat dan tnh deo nhung cung do khong
ln. Sau khoang 5 - 10h s ket thc ninh ket v bat dau ran chac, tc l chuyen
sang trang thi ran chac tang nhanh cung do. Tnh chat co hoc - cau trc cua ho
ximang tang theo mc do thuy ho. V du ng suat truot cua ho do duoc sau khi
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nho tron l 0,1 daN/cm
2
, khi bat dau dong ket tang len 15 lan - dat 1,5daN/cm
2
,
cn khi ket thc tang 50 lan - dat 5daN/cm
2
.
Giai doan hnh thnh cau trc ban dau hay su dong ket cua betong trong
nhng gi dau s lien quan truc tiep den tien do thi cong cong trnh. Ket qua
nghien cu hien nay duoc trnh by o tren c tnh chat chung vi cc loai ximang
Poclang hien nay dang su dung.

II.2. Qu trnh mat nuoc v bien dang mem cua betong trong nhung gi
dng ran dau tien duoi tc dong cua kh hau nng am.
Dui tc dong cua yeu to kh hau nng am , betong bi mat nuc kh nhanh
trong nhng ngy dau dng ran. Mat nuc s dan den bien dang mem. Bien dang
mem s lm thay doi qu trnh hnh thnh cau trc ban dau cua betong, do d lm
anh huong xau den chat luong betong.
II.2.1. Qu trnh mat nuoc cua betong:
Toc do mat nuc cua betong phu thuoc vo nhieu yeu to khc nhau, trong d
truc het phai ke den yeu to kh hau, dien tch be mat ho cua betong - xc dinh
bang modun ho. Cc yeu to kh hau gom c: nhiet do v do am khong kh, gi,
bc xa nhiet cua mat tri. Trong d do am khong kh c anh huong quyet dinh
den toc do mat nuc cua betong. Do dac diem kh hau nng am o miem Bac nuc
ta c do am khong kh thung tren 70%, nen ve nguyen tac betong dng ran trong
trung hop ny s t bi mat nuc. Cc yeu to khc nhu nhiet do khong kh, bc xa
mat tri v gi cng thc day qu trnh mat nuc cua betong. Khi xem xt anh
huong cua kh hau den qu trnh mat nuc ta can xem xt den su tc dong dong
thi cua cc yeu to. ac biet vo ma h khi do am ban ngy xuong dui 70%,
nhiet do tren 30
0
c, cung do bc xa mat tri Q 600 - 800 Kcal/m
2
.h -> qu
trnh mat nuc xay ra rat nhanh.
Trong mot dem o vng kh hau nuc ta, do mat nuc dat 65% th vng kh
hau nng kho (Lien Xo c) chi dat 70%.
Qu trnh mat nuc cua betong c the chia ra lm 4 giai doan tren hnh 1.
ay l th nghiem dien bien qu trnh mat nuc cua betong theo thi gian ,
th nghiem vo ngy 22/7/1998 tai H Noi, vi t 30
0
c, do am 74 60 = vo
ban ngy v 98 75 = vo ban dem, toc do gi V 2,5 - 3,0m/s, bc xa ,at
tri Q 700 - 810 kcal/m
2
h. Mau betong dng xi mang Hai Phng c N/X
0,625.
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70%
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24h
m = 10m
h
-1
m = 10m
h
-1

o

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a
t

n
U

c
Hnh 1. Dien bien qu trnh mat nUc
cua betong theo thi gian
( M : modun be mat ho cua ket cau )
h


Giai doan 1.
Khoang 1 gi dau dng ran (9h - 10h), toc do mat nuc dien ra tuong doi
cham dat 5 - 10% /h (l do lc 9h c 70 = , Q khong cao, chenh lech nhiet do
gia mau v khong kh ben ngoi chua cao).
Giai doan 2.
Khoang 3 gi tiep theo (t 10
h
- 13
h
) do thi mat nuc trong khoang ny l
doan thang doc, do mat nuc dat 11 - 14%/h doi vi M
h
- 30m
-1
: t 6- 8%/h
doi vi M
h
10
-1
m, cung do betong giai doan ny chua dng ke, cc yeu to day
manh toc do mat nuc cua betong vi l do l: Q ngy cng tang v dat mc do
cao nhat do tch tu bc xa mat tri, nhiet do betong tang len nhanh v ngy cng
cao hon nhiet do khong kh, cn do am thung giam dan.
Giai doan 3:
Khoang 3h tiep (13
h
- 15
h
) toc do mat nuc giam di r ret, chi khoang 2 -
5%/h - dung do thi uon cong chuyen dan sang the on dinh. Betong o giai doan
ny bat dau c cung do v ngan can qu trnh nuc boc hoi. Ve dieu kien kh
hau cua giai doan ny t thay doi hon so vi giai doan 2.
Giai doan 4:
L nhng gi cn lai (t 15
h
- 24
h
) -> t 7
h
sau khi tao hnh. o mat nuc
thap dan v rat thap, v betong lai c cung do ban dau do gan ve dem khong c
nang, do am tang dan den 90%, nhiet do betong giam di rat nhanh v can bang
nhiet do khong kh.
-Qu trnh mat nuc trong nhng gi dau tien chia lm 4 giai doan l dac
trung lien quan den dieu kien kh hau nng am o mien Bac Viet Nam. Khi betong
dng ran ngoi tri, su mat nuc truc tien l tao cho betong mot cau trc rong,
Sau d lm cho betong co lai lm xo tron cau trc ban dau. Tham ch gay ra
nhng vet nt nhn thay hoac khong nhn thay trong betong, tao ra mot cau trc
xau ngay t ban dau.
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-Trong cong nghe betong cn c nhng van de thi diem do betong trong
ngy. Neu dc betong vo buoi sng trua th toc do mat nuc trong 2 - 3h dau l
nhu nhau (dc ve buoi trua c do mat nuc t hon buoi sng v ve chieu kh hau
bt cang thang hon, betong dc vo chieu v toi th do mat nuc giam r ret).
-Ma kh hau c anh huong den do mat nuc cua betong. So vi ma dong,
ma h c , V chenh lech nhau khong nhieu, tuy nhien ma h c luong bc xa
cao hon nen betong dng ran vo ma h c do mat nuc cao hon, do d viec gi
cho betong mat nuc vo mu h l rat quan trong.
-Modun ho cng ln th do mat nuc cng cao. Ty le nuc tren ximang N/X
ni chung khong c anh huong den do mat nuc trong khoang 6 - 7h dau dng
ran, tuy nhien cng ve sau ta thay N/X cng cao th do mat nuc cng ln. Neu
tang them nuc tron th do mat nuc tang theo gi tri tuyet doi, giam theo gi tri
tuong doi. Khi cot lieu ht nuc ln v gi nuc -> toc do mat nuc giam. Tren
day l cc yeu to ban than betong c anh huong dng ke den do mat nuc cua
betong. Qu trnh mat nuc cua betong trong dieu kien kh hau nng am l qu
trnh xay ra lien tuc vi do mat nuc kh nhieu v dng sau 3 - 3,5 ngy dem (
so ngy dng ran, t 72 - 84 gi dng ran).

II.2.2. Bien dang mem cua betong duoi tc dong cua kh hau nng am.
Bien dang mem l hien tuong betong bi thay doi the tch (thnh phan co v
no) khi chua c cung do hoac khi cung do cn rat nho, ni cch khc l bien
dang khi betong cn rat mem, qu trnh bien dang mem cua betong phu thuoc
vo cc yeu to c tc dong t ben ngoi trong thi gian dng ran v vo ban than
chat lieu cua betong: toc do mat nuc, modun ho, che do bao dung, thnh phan
betong, luong ho ximang, loai ximang, bc xa nhiet, cot thpBien dang mem
lm anh huong den chat luong betong.
-Trong so cc yeu to anh huong den bien dang mem cua betong dau tien
phai ke den l toc do mat nuc. Trong dieu kien nng am, betong mat nuc
nhanh, dan den bien dang mem cng cao. Nhu vay tat ca yeu to truc tiep anh
huong den qu trnh mat nuc th cng gin tiep anh huong den qu trnh co
mem.
-Qua mot so nghien cu toc do mat nuc v bien dang mem o vng kh hau
dac trung H Noi: sng v trua nang to, do am tang vot sau 16h v sau 22h c
mua nho: mau betong c N/X 0,625: SN 1cm, ximang Hai Phng c do hoat
tnh 400daN/cm
2
: the tch ho ximang 2,73T/m
3
(hnh 2).

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10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24h
m = 10m
h
-1
m = 30m
h
-1

o

m
a
t

n
U

c

%
Hnh 2a. Dien bien qu trnh mat nUc
cua betong theo thi gian
( M : modun be mat ho cua ket cau )
h
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24h
B
i
e
n

d
a
n
g

m
e
m

m
m
/
m
Hnh 2b. Bien dang mem v do mat nUc
cua betong theo thi gian
( M : modun be mat ho cua ket cau )
h
0
Mau ngoi tri
phu bao tai am
m = 10m
h
-1
m = 30m
h
-1
10h 11 12 13 14 15 16h
B
i
e
n

d
a
n
g

m
e
m

m
m
/
m
Hnh 2c. Bien dang mem cua betong
dUi tc dung cua nhiet am
( M : modun be mat ho cua ket cau )
h
0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Phu nilon ngoi tri
at trong phng chuan
B
e
t
o
n
g

n
g
o

i

n
a
n
g

M

3
0
m
h
-
1
20
40
60
80



Dien bien qu trnh bien dang mem cua betong theo 4 giai doan:
Bat dau -> Co mm -> on dinh -> no mm.
Qua th nghiem tren ta thay: do bi mat nuc ngay t dau nen betong cng bi
co ngay. Qu trnh co xay ra qu nhanh sau 2 - 3h dau d dat cuc dai, sau d do
on dinh trong thi gian ngan roi chuyen sang no.
Giai doan 1: Bat dau co: Khoang 20 dau. Tren hnh v 10 - 11h , >
75% v nhiet do chua cao, van toc gi yeu, toc do mat nuc cn thap nen do co
dien ra cham.
Giai doan 2: Giai doan co mm: Khoang 1,5 - 2h tiep theo, tc l 11 -
12h30 l giai doan co rat nhanh, dung cong co mem gan nhu doc dng v dat
gi tri max v lc 12h30. Tuong ng giai doan ny toc do mat nuc cua betong
cng dang pht trien manh.
Giai doan 3: Giai doan on dinh (on dinh co mm): t 12h30 - 14h (tc
l sau khi tao hnh 2h30 - 4h) o giai doan ny betong bat dau c cung do. C
tc dung cua co dan den khong co tiep na. Giai doan ny betong d hnh thnh
xong cau trc, tuy nhien toc do mat nuc van tang manh.
Ban chat cua hien tuong co mem: Hien tuong ny pht trien do hai nguyen
nhan : do nuc bay hoi khoi betong v qu trnh xay ra phan ng ho ximang.
Qu trnh co mem chi anh huong xau den cung do cua betong c ty le N/X thap
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418
sau 2,25h. Neu phoi nang cung do betong
28
giam 22,3% ng vi N/X 0,46,
neu N/X cao th co mem c tc dung lm chat betong hon nen cung do mc c
the cao hon.
Ban chat cua hien tuong no mem:
Vi dieu kien kh hau nng am, trong thi gian dng ran ban dau het giai
doan co mem chuyen sang giai doan no mem. Tnh trang betong bi co lai sau d
lai bi no khi d c cung do s gay nguy hiem lm nt ne betong sau 4h qu trnh
no mem bat dau dng (diem B) (hnh 3).

3
2
1
9h 10 11 12 13 14 15
B
i
e
n

d
a
n
g

m
e
m

m
m
m
/
m
Hnh 3. Bien dang mem cua betong
0
a b
n/x = 0,75
n/x = 0,625
n/x = 0,45
( t 32 - 34 c : 60 - 70 %:
V 0,1 - 0,5 m/s : Qmax 816 Kcal/m .h)


Hien tuong no mem xay ra do betong hap thu bc xa mat tri v bi gian
no nhiet. Khi no p luc duong thang p luc am th betong bi no ra. p luc mao
dan am giam dan, song luong bot kh tang len dan den p luc duong tang len. p
luc duong ny c han, trong khi d cung do betong tang dan len do no betong
ngy cng giam dan. Mau de 4h ngoi nang cung do betong giam 20 - 30% tuy
ty le N/X.
e c no mem can phai song song ton tai hai dieu kien nhiet do v do am
khong kh phai cao- hay yeu to bc xa mat tri dot nng truc tiep.
Che do bao dung betong c anh huong den bien dang mem, neu bao dung
tot th gi tri co mem, no mem deu giam. Neu luong ho ximang tang th co, no
mem tang.
Trong qu trnh bien dang mem: ho ximang l thnh phan co no, thnh phan
can l cot lieu ln, cot lieu nho - ct l thnh phan trung gian va can co nhung
lai ko theo qu trnh no mem. Trong nhng gi dau dng ran, khi betong cn
mem th he so gian no nhiet cua n thap hon cot thp, neu cot thp bi gian no
nhiet s thc day qu trnh co no mem cua betong. Bien dang mem v mat nuc
s lm cau trc ban dau thay doi, m d thay doi th khong c kha nang phuc hoi
tro lai n duoc. Neu bao dung khong tot th cung do betong s bi ton that. Ket
cau betong cng mong (M
h
cng ln th cung do betong s bi ton that cng
nhieu).
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419
Neu trong vi gi dau dng ran cua betong bao dung khong tot (bao dung
ban dau) th ton that cung do
28
s den 5 -24%.

ll.2. AP DUNG KT OUA NGHlN CUU TRONG THl CNG SN
COMPOSlTE.

Ta thay rang trong dieu kien c bc xa truc tiep cua mat tri, van toc gi ln
th betong bi mat nuc rat nhanh trong nhng gi dau, dieu ny c hai cho su pht
trien cung do cua betong. Hon na, trong nhng gi dau th cung do cua betong
cn rat nho nen ta khong the tui nuc len ngay duoc. V vay cch tot nhat l lm
giam qu trnh mat nuc cua betong, dieu ny c ngha rang hy de betong duoc
pht trien cung do trong bng mt.
T ket luan d em dua ra giai php khac phuc nhu sau:
Thi cong lap dung sn thp truc mot so tang, sau d mi do betong cho sn tang
dui. ieu ny s dan den hai ci loi d l: betong duoc pht trien cung do dui
bng mt v viec do betong sn duoc lien tuc.
So do thi cong duoc the hien o hnh v sau:
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420
Sn cng tc
m ln x g 100x120
bm btng