,

1.

?
1-1.

1-1-1.

1-1-2.

.
,
. 14

.
.
.

.
() ()
. 14 ,
18 (Cokes) .

.
() ( :
Puddle Process) 1784 (Henry Cort)
1856 (Bessemer)

() . 1864 (Siemens)
(Martin) 19 1,60
0 ()
. 1954
(Lins) (Donawits) ()
.
1-2.

1-2-1.

1-2-2.

() . ()
. 1,537,
3,000 .
.
.
768, 910,
1,410 , 1,537 .
8 , 56 (91.64%) .

. . , ,
.

2.

2-1.

C 2.0-4.5%,

Si 0.5%-2.0%

Mn 0.5%-2.0%

P 0.01%-0.1%

S 0.02%-0.5%
C 0.02%-0.8%

Mn 0.3%-0.8% P 0.01%-0.05%
S 0.01%-0.05%

Si 0.01%-0.3%

C 0.02%

2-1-1.

( : Pig Iron)

2-1-2.

( : Steel)

2-1-3.

( : Pure Iron)

()
. ()
.
() .

.
(Roll) , ,
. .
, , .
, , , 5
, () () .
100%
. .
, ,
, (Armco) .

2-2.

2-2-1.

()

, ,
,
, .
( : Iron Ore)
(
), () . 70%,
72% .

, (S), (P), (Cu) ,
.
, , .
(Ore Bedding)
()
() (Pellet)
.
(Cokes)
()

.
;


, , ( )

 .
(Ore Bedding)
(Coal Bedding)
.
1,000~1,300
. , ,
,
.
(Lime Stone)

,
.
3.

3-1. Coke

3-1-1.

3-1-2.

()
, 6,000~
7,500kcal/kg 400~600.

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
F.C
80-84%
ASH
6-18%
V.M
0.5-2%
T.S
0.8%

3-1-3.

3-1-4.

(KS )

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
CARBON
80-92%
HYDROGEN 1-1.5%
NITROGEN 0.5-0.9%
OXYGEN
0.4-0.7%
SULPHUR 0.5-1.0%
ASH
6-8%

() .

50-60% .
() 1,200 ,

.

()
, ,
.
, , , , .
COKE
COKE
COKE (C) (O)
.

.

3-2.

3-2-1.

3-2-2.

= 0.8
0.8 : 81-91 (Coking coal/ )
(Coke Ratio)
- 1
- Coke Ratio PCI Coal
PCI (PCI Rate)
- 1 PCI
- 1984 10kg 1991 77kg

(Fuel Rate)
- PCI Coal 1 (+PCI
Coal+)
(Commercial Evaluation)
- Fuel Ratio ,
- Fuel Ratio Cost"
- PCI Coal

COAL CRAND

"A"

"B"

COKE TATIO

376.0

388.9

PCI RATE

109.1

106.9

FUEL RATE

485.0

495.8

COAL FOB

U$41.2/MT

U$34.0/MT

COKE PRICE

U$111.4/MT

U$111.4/MT

TOTAL COST

0.3760

U$111.4 = U$41.89

0.3889

U$111.4 = U$43.32

0.1091

U$41.2

0.1069

U$ 34.0 = U$ 3.63

= U$ 4.46

___________

___________

U$46.38

U$46.95

"A" B" Delivery Cost , ["A" > "B"]

)
,
() .

()
.

, (Fuel Furnace)
.

3-3. PCI (Pulverized Coal Injection :

COKE + OIL OPERATION

ALL COKE OPERATION
COKE + PCI OPERATION
NO COKE OPERATION

OIL CRISIS(1979)
OIL CRISIS

(Smelting Reduction Technology)

) :

3-3-1. PCI System

1972 2

 Oil
. Oil Crisis Coke
.
Oil Coke Oven
PCI .
PCI 1981 NSC OITA 1 ,
32 27 PCI
System 92 8
PCI system .
3-3-2. PCI

Coke Hard Coking Coal
Semi-Soft Coking Coal
3-3-3. PCI System Process

PCI System ,
.

Truck Hopper Conveyor
Bunker Conveyor (Crusher Mill / Pulverizer)
. (Pulverizing) (Drying)
. (Blast Furnace Gas)
(Coke-Oven Gas) .

Bag Filter
Coal Bin .
(P.C. Injection Ling)
Storage Injector 1 (Primary Injector)

. 1 (Tuyere)
1
. Lance

(Raceway or Combustion Zone) .
3-3-4. PCI

(Required Coal Quality for PCI)

(Raceway)
PCI
.
(Dryability & Pulverability)

. 10%(Max 13%). IM 4% ,
42(MIN 40) . HGI
Pulverizer .
(Transportability)

.
HGI VM .
VM 25-40%
. HGI
, HGI
. HGI Max 70.
(Combustibility)

. , , PC
Rate, .
Fuel Oil . VM , VM 30%

 .
, PCI VM Min. 25%
.
.
(Ash Fusion Temperature)
Ash
.
, Injection Lance
.
(Coke Replacement Ratio)
PCI 1 Coke
PCI
. NSC, KOBE COKE
0.8-1.0 . COKE
. 7,000~8,000kcal/kg Cried Base PCI
.
3-4.

(COREX )

3-4-1.

- Batch Type () Energy Material
- Lead Time
Coking

3-4-2.

 :
-
- Near Net Shape Casting
: , ()
- Endless Rolling
- () -
3-4-3.

Coke, ,
()

- () : ()
- () : , ,
()

-
-
-
- ()
3-4-4. COREX

PROCESS
- () :
90%
- () : 100% ()
DRI (Direct Reduced Iron)


- 1981 Korf Engineering Kr Process
- 1987 Voest Alpine Iscor Pretoria
30 (C-1000)
- 1992 2

- : 1995 11 60