Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lessons
Identifying SLC 500
TM
System Components
1-1
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SLC 500 System Overview Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed Hardware System Modular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processors Chassis Power Supplies 1/0 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote 1/0 Example Signal Flow Through the SLC 500 System
Exercise
1-5
2-1
2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1
2-5 2-5
2-6
ii
Table of Contents
31
3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-6
5.1
5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1
Table of Contents
iii
Conditional Instructions Output Instructions Processor Modes Here's How XIC, XIO, and OTE Instructions in Series and Branched Start/Stop (Seal-In) Circuit XIC, XIO, and OTE Instructions Using Binary, Timer, and Counter Bits OTL, OTU, and OSR Instructions Exercise How Did You Do? Exercise Answers
71
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Documentation Options 7-1 Before You Begin 7-1 Here's How 7-1 Exercise 7-2 How Did You Do? 7-3 Exercise 7-4 Answers 7-4
81
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 Comparison Instructions 8-1 Before You Begin 8-1 Limit Test (UM) Instruction 8-1 Here's How Example: EQU and NEQ Instructions 8-2 Example: LES and LEQ Instructions 8-2
8-2
iv
Table of Contents
Example: GEQ and GRT Instructions Example: LlM Instruction Exercise How Did You Do? Answers
9-1
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Data Handling Instructions 9-1 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Key Terms 9-1 Instruction Operation 9-2 Here's How 9-2 Example: FRO and TOO Instructions 9-2 Example: MOV and MVM Instructions 9-3 Example: COP and FLL Instructions 9-3 Exercise 9-4 How Did You Do? 9-5 Exercise 9-6 Answers 9-6
10-1
10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-3 10-4 10-4 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-6 10-6
11-1
11-1 11-1 11-1 11-1
Table of Contents
121
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1 12-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1 Using Forcing 12-1 12-1 12-2 12-2 12-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12-3 12-4 12-4
131
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1 Offline vs. On line Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13-1 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13-1 Edit Zone Markers 13-2 Safety Precaution 13-2 Here's How 13-2 Exercise 13-3 How Did You Do? Exercise Answers 13-5 13-6 13-6
14.1
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-1 Print Options 14-1 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-1 Here's How . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-1 Exercise 14-1 How Did You Do? 14-2
15.1
15-1 15-1 15-1 15-1 15-2 15-3
15-3
15-4 15-4
vi
Table of Contents
15- 5 15-5
DH+ Cable Connections 15-5 Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-6 Heat 15-6 Here's How . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-6 Example One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-6 Example Two 15-6 Exercise 15- 7 How Did You Do 15-7 Exercise 15-8 Answers 15-8 For Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-8
Troubleshooting Processor and Power Supply Problems Using RSLogix 500 Software
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1747 SLC 500 Programmable Controllers Troubleshooting Guide Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initial Troubleshooting Actions Processor and Power Supply Diagnosis and Correction Modular Processor Front Panel Processor Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Supply Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Here's How Exercise How Did You Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise Answers
161
16-1 16-1 16-1 16-1 16-2 16-2 16-3 16-3 16-4 16-4 16-4 16-6 16-8 16-8
171
17-1 17-1 17-1 17-1 17-2 17-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3 17-3 17-10 17-12 17-12
181
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1 1747 SLC 500 Programmable Controllers Troubleshooting Guide 18-1 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
Table of Contents
vii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
Analog 110 Diagnosis and Correction 18-2 Diagnostic Tests 18-2 Here's How .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-4 Exercise 18-4 How Did You Do? 18-7 Exercise 18-8 Answers 18-8
191
What You Will Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19-1 Exercise 19-1 How Did You Do? 19-4 Exercise 19-6 Answers 19-6
viii
Table of Contents
--.
Course Overview
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to produce a SLC 500 system that is operational after a failure or malfunction by performing these tasks: Troubleshoot noise, 110, and processor problems Interpret ladder logic Edit and document ladder logic projects
Course Description
This course provides you with the necessary resources and hands-on practice to efficiently troubleshoot and maintain existing SLC 500 systems. You are presented with a systematic strategy, contained in an easy-to-follow job aid, in which you diagnose a variety of common system problems. Throughout the course, you gain experience in using RSLogix 500 software to perform tasks such as monitoring projects online, editing and documenting ladder logic, and down loading and backing up projects.
TM
To assist in effective troubleshooting, you willleam to interpret bit, timer, counter, comparison, data handling, and control instructions. Tasks and procedures are demonstrated by the instructor and hands-on practice is provided using a real-world application. The course culminates in a final exercise that integrates and reinforces the range of tasks covered during the course.
-2
Course Overview
Individuals who are responsible for troubleshooting and maintaining SLC 500 systems using RSLogix 500 software should attend this course.
Prerequisites
The following prerequisites are required: Experience maintaining electrically controlled systems Working knowledge of programmable controllers or completion of the Fundamentals of Programmable Controllers course Experience operating a personal computer within a Microsoft Windows 95 or Windows NT environment
Outline
This course consists of the following lessons: Identifying SLC 500 System Components Getting Started with RSLogix 500 Software Downloading, Going Online, and Saving Monitoring and Entering Data Interpreting Bit Instructions Interpreting Timer and Counter Instructions Documenting a Project Interpreting Comparison Instructions Interpreting Data Handling Instructions Interpreting Program Control Instructions Searching Ladder Logic Forcing Inputs and Outputs Editing Ladder Logic Printing Troubleshooting Noise-Related Problems Troubleshooting Processor and Power Supply Problems Troubleshooting Discrete 110 Problems Troubleshooting Analog I/O Problems Troubleshooting and Maintaining Integrated Practice
The following lesson structure is generally used to facilitate your ability to meet the course objectives: One lesson is devoted to each task. Lessons follow a standard format: "What You Will Learn"-Iesson objectives "Before You Begin"--preparatory material "Here's How"--demonstration of procedure(s) "Exercise"--opportunity to perform new skills "How Did You Do?"--feedback on performance
Course Overview
-3
Integrated practice provides an opportunity to perform tasks using the skills obtained during the training.
Student Materials
Your primary document is this student manual, which contains the topic outlines and exercises. Use this manual to follow presentations, jot notes, and complete your exercises. The student package for this course also contains the materials listed on the cover sheet of the student manual.
Application Overview
During the course, hands-on practice is provided using a real world spot cooling application. The project controls a two-compressor cooling unit that cools a large work area. Outside air is pulled in through an outside air damper, cooled, and directed through zone dampers:
Compressors
<;=J
I Temperature
Sensor
o ut side Air
Dam per
D
I
Zone 1
Zone Dampers
I(l
Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
The system operates as follows: Push buttons start and stop the cooling unit. When the unit starts, the outside air damper opens (turns on), a thermostat controls the compressors, and an adjustable timer starts timing: The timer limits the length of time that the system can run. The timer is simulated through ladder logic and a thumbwheel and LED on the workstation.
-4
Course Overview
The area cooled by the unit is divided into four cooling zones, each with its own air damper: A push button in each zone opens (turns on) the damper of that zone. The timer resets each time a new zone damper opens. Due to system limitations, only two dampers can be open at a time.
As you progress through the course, you will use three different versions of the project: cool_I, cool_2, and cool_3: In the cool_l project, the damper for zone 1 automatically opens when the system turns on. In the cool_2 and cool_3 projects: The dampers for zones 1 and 2 automatically open when the unit turns on. A call for cooling in a third zone automatically closes the zone that was open the longest.
r47itro
Workstation
o
PanelView Terminal
PLC-5 Processor
1-2
rn
System Components
Modular System
The modular system includes the following components: Power Supply Processor
1/0 Modules
~\
@"""-"""'"
....
1:1 __ t-
rr
__
1:1
m
_1:1 ~C
<X>OOOOCI
I-
-ld
Chassis
ld
Processors
Modular processors include the following: SLC 5/01 SLC 5/02 SLC 5/03 SLC 5/04 SLC 5/05
Th4
Th4
Th4
Th4
Chassis
Chassis, which house the processor and I/O modules, are available in four sizes: 4-Slot 7-Slot 10-Slot 13-Slot
Company, Inc.
1-3
Additionally, chassis can be connected together to increase the I/O available to a processor:
fO\
a
t;;Il~"-~
~ ~
fII fII
rr
-a
-a
m .-...
-c
1746-C7 or -C9
Chassis
Interconnect Cable
-.
a~AU.lN-1IRAI:UY
Id fO\
Id
lii III rr
rs:
-a -a -a
-...
-c
Id
Power Supplies Three AC and one DC power supplies are available: AC: 2A at SVDC SA at SVDC lOA at SVDC
IQ!
DC 3.6A at SVDC I/O Modules The I/O modules used by a system will vary depending on the application, including: Discrete Analog High-Speed Counter Stepper Controller Servo Positioning Communication Remote I/O
1-4
Identifying
Remote
r/(l
~xampl"
1747-SN
0 __
0:4/0 1:3/0
~3ro
~
Program Files
1:3{7
:3{7
~48
0:4/1 (
Com~uter
System Components
1-5
Exercise
In this exercise, you will identify the components of your SLC 500 workstation. Directions: Identify and check off the components that comprise your SLC 500 workstation: 1. Chassis:
o 4-slot
o 7-slot
cable
o 1746-P4
05/01 05/02
3. Processor:
o Discrete input modules o Discrete output modules o o Removable terminal blocks or wiring arms
Analog modules
1-6
Key Terms
Save: Write a copy of a project to the non-volatile memory of a computer. Non-volatile memory retains projects when power is removed from the computer.
Important:
If the project already exists on the computer, saving will overwrite it.
Backup File: The ladder logic and database files for the project compressed into a single file with an .RSl extension. Restore: Decompress (open) a backup file. Auto-Backup File: Ladder logic file automatically created by
the RSLogix 500 software at regular intervals and each time a
project is saved.
;.Q'
2-2
Program Files Program files contain the ladder logic that controls inputs and outputs:
Forcd~B~s
dJ"d .tustciM"l5ata
r!rJ:::J
~!!Iba$e
Morlitors
':Ji~~ii~:;w';::?
ThO
Software
2-3
Project Documentation Projects can include the following documentation, which can be turned on or off:
.,-
~.~ ,.,<H-~-hWW
"
""
""",","
~...
RIiI Et
cycles or the mode changes from Program to Run, reseisall discrete outputs
FI ags fi rst se an of
Clear
Des1
0:4.0
0<
,. .\M~~!!_~~!!~
..
",."',,.,
....
2-4
Software
Revision Notes
Revision notes outline the changes made to a project:
Software
2-5
Here's How
To perform the following actions: Maximize, restore, and size windows Return windows to the default size and orientation Open multiple program files In the same ladder window In separate ladder windows
Split the Ladder window using the split bar Go to a specific rung using ~earch--+ Goto ... Configure the display: Address format Documentation Colors and fonts
Save a project, including entering a revision note View a project revision history Select the auto-backup option and restore an auto backup file Backup (compress) a project Restore a compressed backup file As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
Exercise
In this exercise, you familiarize yourself with the layout of the RSLogix 500 software, navigate through a project, and configure the display: 1. Start the RSLogix 500 software 2. Restore the projects specified by your instructor from the exercise disk to a folder designated by your instructor (e.g., cool projects, wash projects). 3. Open one of the projects that you restored in Step 2. (e.g., cool_1, wash_1). 4. Locate the elements of the RSLogix 500 main window called out in the appendix of the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide 5. Maximize and restore the Project window and Ladder window. 6. Increase the size of the Ladder window so that it partially covers the Project window, and then return the windows to the default setting. 7. Open additional program files in the existing Ladder window. 8. Split the Ladder window into two panes. 9. Display several tool tips (e.g., Zoom In). 10. Select an instruction and display the help regarding that instruction. Repeat this step for a different instruction.
1999 Allen-Bradley
2-6
11. Display the View Properties dialog box and set the following options:
OK
kH:~!~::.
Help
12. Change the text and background colors for several ladder logic elements and then return the display to the default colors. 13. Using Search- Goto ... , go to different rungs in the project, including rungs from different program files (e.g., 3:1). 14. Verify that the auto-backup and prompt for revision note options are selected. 15. Save the project and enter a revision note. 16. View the project revision history. 17. Restore the most recent auto backup file of the project. 18. Backup (compress) the project and store it in the folder designated in Step 2. 19. Close the project.
Lesson
Saving Using RSLogix 500 Software
What You Will Learn
Given a computer and RSLogix 500 projects on a network, you will be able to perform these actions: Select and connect cables Configure communication drivers Assign a project node address Download a project Go online to the intended project Save an online project
Key Terms
Offline: Regarding RSLogix 500 projects, viewing a project residing on the hard disk of a computer. Online: Regarding RSLogix 500 projects, viewing a project residing in a SLC 500 processor.
Th4
Driver: A software subroutine that enables a software application to communicate with a hardware device.
Example: Driver
RSLogix 500 software requires a driver to communicate with the communications port of a computer.
Node: Address of a device, such as a processor or computer, on a network. Each device must have a unique node address. Baud: The speed at which data is transferred across a communication link, such as between a processor and computer. Download: Transfer a copy of a project from a computer to a processor.
Important:
Save: Write a copy of a project to the non-volatile memory of a computer. Non-volatile memory retains projects when power is removed from the computer.
Important:
If the project already exists in the computer, saving will overwrite it.
~ 1999 Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. r475900
3-2
Downloading,
Software
Upload: Write a copy of a project to the volatile memory of computer. When power is removed from a computer, projects in volatile memory are erased EEPROM (Memory Module): A module that can be inserted into a SLC 500 processor to maintain a copy of the project in case the processor experiences either of these situations: Memory corruption Extended power loss
Communication Options
Depending on the processor, you can go online using several options:
Communication Option
Ethemet DH+'" DH-485 RS-232(Serial)
5/01
5/02
5/03
5/04
5/05
v v v v v v v
DH+ Connections DH+ connections enable you to go online to any processor on a DH+ network from one connection point: Uses channel 1 of an appropriate processor Requires 1784-PCMK, -KT, -KTX, or -KTXD communication card Uses bauds up to 230.4K bits/second Allows a maximum of 64 (0- 77 octal) nodes Example: DH+ Network
IBMCompatible with 1784KTX Address 77 Computer IBMCompatlble Computer with 1784-KTXD Address 76
Address 5
Address 23 Address 13
~. 1999 Allen-Bradley Company, Inc.
Address 15
Rev. October 1999 r475900
Downloading,
Software
3-3
DH-485 Network Connections DH-485 connections enable you to go online to any processor on a DH-485 network from one connection point: Uses channel 1 of an appropriate processor Requires 1747-PIC module or 1784-PCMK, -KTX, or -KTXD communication card Uses bauds up to 19,200 bits/second Allows a maximum of 32 (0-31 decimal) nodes Example: DH-485 Network IBM-Compatible Computer IBM-Compatible ComputE with 1784-KTXD
Address 15
Address 16
1747-AICs
Address 3
Address 4
The RS-232 port allows you to go online to a specific processor using the communications port of your computer: Uses channel 0 of a processor Uses bauds up to 19,200 bits/second Requires physical connection to the processor to which you want to go on line (cannot "see" other processors on the network)
3-4
Corn Port
/
11111111 11111111
ID
i i i I rH) ~
en]]])
\a
\
f6\
11
~
fO\
a a
.:
1747-CP3 Cable
III 11 rr
a a
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B
IoJ IoJ
.--
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D
o
DDD DDD
D
D D
D
Memory Module Autoload
go
3-5
Here's How
To establish a communication link with a specified processor by performing these actions: Select and connect cables (See "Going Online to a SLC 500 Project" in the procedures guide.) Configure communication drivers Assign a project node address Download a project Go on line to the intended project Save an online project As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
Exercise
In this exercise, you will configure communication drivers, download, go online, and save a SLC 500 project using two communication options. 1. Connect the 1784 communication card of your computer to the SLC 500 processor of your workstation. 2. In the Linx software, configure the appropriate communication driver using the parameters specified by your instructor. 3. Open version one of the appropriate exercise project (e.g., cool_I, wash_I) and assign the node address specified by your instructor. (If you did not restore the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 4. Download the project to the SLC 500 processor of your workstation and go online. 5. From the On line toolbar, verify processor node number. 6. Save the project and enter a revision note.
r47sgoo
3-6
Software
7. If your workstation is networked, go online to a different SLC 500 processor. 8. Go on line to the processor of your workstation using an RS-232 connection. 9. When you have verified that your computer is online, go offline.
; 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company. Inc.
Lesson
Monitoring and Entering Data Using RSLogix 500 Software
What You Will Learn
Given a computer configured for communications and RSLogix 500 projects on a network, you will be able to monitor and enter data by performing these actions: Determine the address of an I/O point Monitor a data file Toggle a bit Enter new data Create a custom data monitor Enter new data using a custom data monitor
Key Terms
Radix (Base): The quantity of characters available for each digit of a number in a numbering system. For example, in the decimal (base 10) system, 10 characters, 0 to 9, are available for each digit. The following table compares different radixes:
Radix
Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal ASCII
Available Characters
Example
000000111101 1735 989 300 \03\00 1101
o or 1
Oto 7 Oto 9 Oto F 256 character set
Bit: A digit in the binary radix (0 or 1). A bit may represent the state, on or off, of a discrete I/O device. Word: In the SLC 500 system, 16 bits in sequence. For example, the 16 bits representing the 16 points of an I/O module comprise one word. Element: A word or group of words that work together as a unit. For example, a 32-point I/O module uses two words of memory. Those words work together as one element. File: A group of related elements. For example, all the elements representing inputs comprise the input file.
4-2
Monitoring
and Entering
Data
Using
RSLogix
500
Software
Data Stored
State of output terminals State of input terminals Controller operation information Internal relay logic Timer accumulator, preset, and status values Counter accumulator, preset, and status values Length, position, and status of application specific instructions Positive or negative whole numbers Positive or negative numbers that include the decimal point
1 2
3 4 5 6 7
Except for the output, input, and status files, additional files can be created as needed, up to a total of 255 files.
Address Format
Use the following format to address individual elements, words, and bits:
File Type File Number Element Number Word Number
~ \ / //Numbe,
XF:E.W/B
Elemenl Di., \ \
Word Delimiter\ Bit Delimiter
For output, input, and status file addresses, the file number can be omitted. If an element contains one word, the word number can be omitted.
Monitoring
4-3
Address Examples Discrete I/O device wired to terminal 6 of an input module in slot 3:
1:3.0/6
Bit 15 of element 1 in the status file:
S2:1/15
Element 10 of integer file 7:
N 7: 10
Symbols
A symbol is an alphanumeric name that is assigned to an address to identify the function of the address. A symbol must meet these conditions: Unique to an address Up to 20 characters in length Example: Symbols Address
I
~
s~mbol
SWITCH_O 1:3.0/0
COIL_O 0: 4. OlO
)--
----j
f--_ -----------(_
You can use a symbol in place of an address to perform these tasks: Entering or editing ladder logic Monitoring and entering data Searching for an instruction
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4-4
Software
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. " Add!=
. ; ; .
O!tday,
~Nl.Imben
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,
P'
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ir
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r PrriA<JoSize IV RmgW,~
eerier (' Riglt.!
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}''::: .. ->-
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4-5
1/0 Configuration
The project tree can be used to display the I/O configuration:
4-6
Software
Data Files
Data files can be opened using the project tree:
Here's How
To monitor and enter data by performing these actions: Determine the address of an I/O point Monitor a data file Toggle a bit Enter new data Create a custom data monitor Enter new data using a custom data monitor As your instructor demonstrates these procedures using the following examples, follow along in Appendix C and D of the 1747 SLC 500 Programmable Controllers Troubleshooting Guide and in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
Software
4-7
Addresses
00
4-8
;; 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
Monitoring
Software
4-9
L [:DM
1:3/9 T4:1/TT 0:4/9
17.0
- EXAMPLE
I)
Rl!1f.3
o o
15909 (d)
Addren ....
485
500
15925(dJ
I)
4-10
Exercise A
In this exercise, you will determine I/O addresses. Directions: Determine the addresses for the following examples:
1. Address =
-------------------
CJ
CJ
1999AllenBradleyCompany,Inc.
Software
4-11
2. Address =
---------------------
[]]m []]rn rn DJ m rn rn
DJ
[3] [3]
4-12
3. Address =
-------------------
4-13
4. Address = -------------------
4-14
Monitoring
Software
5. Address
= -----------------------
INPUT
POWER
o:::J
'"::...J
{CliNG.
ANALOG
[0]-0 -----Sensor
'------L--=-.J
! 0
--
(I!lNO-
121""4.COJd
r0i------
~ ~ e-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (2)
(31tH ,.
1'1 IN l-
(51ANLCOM
!61IH2.
!nIN2-
(SI ANt
eDM
{91IH3.
0
'--
(10!IN3-
(1IIANlCOM
6'
4-15
6. Address =
OUTPUT
POWER
CD
ANALOG
L.
--'
(0I2'VOC
(1) DC COM
.-(010010
~ r~ rr-
P)ANlCOI.4
(21 OUT
0 0
(')OUT
(5lANlCOM
---~
--~
}--
!6\OUT3
~
[:J"'"
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any
4-16
Monitoring
no
Software
Exercise B
In this exercise, you will determine I/O addresses and monitor and enter data for the cool_l project. The following diagram and table identify the I/O layout of the workstation, which simulates the I/O devices used by the project (actual arrangement of I/O devices may vary slightly):
.....
BCD Input 1
<,
R~'
Automabon
/
/
AlhJq,,-Bradley /
Analog Output
/
@~
0-10 VDC 0-10 VDC 0-10 VDC
181818181 181818181 ~
1 1
0-10 VDC
0~@
2
0-10 VDC 0-10 VDC
BCD Output 1
-, /
Analog Input
0 2 1
Discrete Output
<,
101010101010101010101010101010101 2 1
15 14 13 12 11 10
Discrete Input
101010101010101010101010101010101
15 14 13 12 11 10
-,
9 8
9 8
I/O Configuration
Data Type Input Intput Output Output Slot Number 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.1 Alternate Slot Number Bit Numbers 0-15 0-15 0-15 0-15 Description BCD Input 1 Discrete Inputs BCD Output 1 Discrete Outputs
Input/Output Input/Output
Directions: 1. Determine the addresses for the I/O used by the cool 1 project and record the addresses in the table on the next page.
Workstation BCD Input 1 Discrete Input 6 Discrete Input 7 Device Project Symbol SET_COOL _TIME START STOP Address
~ 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
4-17
Device
Address
Discrete Input 10 Discrete Input 11 Discrete Input 12 Discrete Input 13 Discrete Input 14 Discrete Input 15 Analog Input 1 SCD Output 1 Discrete Output 0 Discrete Output 2 Discrete Output 3 Discrete Output 4 Discrete Output 5 Discrete Output 6 Discrete Output 9 Discrete Output 11 Discrete Output 13 Discrete Output 15 Analog Output 1
OFF PS ZONE 3
-
ON PS ZONE 3
- -
OFF PS ZONE 4
- -
ON PS ZONE 4
-
SUP AIR THERMSTAT TIMER DISPLAY OUT DAMPER START COOL TIME COOL TIME DN COOL TIME RESET STAGE 1 COMP
-
STAGE 2 COMP
-
DAMPER ZONE 1 DAMPER ZONE 2 DAMPER ZONE 3 DAMPER ZONE 4 AIR TEMP GAGE
2. Go online to the cool_l project of your workstation. (If you did not restore and download the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 3. Select the Remote Run mode 4. In the SET_COOL _TIME thumbwheel, enter 30 (minutes). 5. Monitor the input data file.
4-18
6. In the table below, record the value of SET_COOL _TIME in each of the following radixes:
Radix Binary Octal Decimal HeX/BCD Value
7. Press START to turn the cooling system on. 8. What is the minimum and maximum decimal value of SUP _AIR_THERMSTAT (the value when its corresponding knob is turned all the way to the left and right, respectively)?
Minimum decimal value Maximum decimal value
9. Monitor data file N7. 10. The ladder logic converts SUP _AIR_THERMSTAT stores it in N7:21. Adjust determine the temperature
Minimum temperature (C) Maximum temperature (C)
the value from into a Celsius temperature and SUP _AIR _THERMS TAT and range.
11. Verify the following on your workstation: A. STAGE_I_COMP turns on when the temperature (N7:2I) equals the value in N7:8. B. STAGE_I_COMP turns off when the temperature equals the value in N7:9. C. STAGE_2_COMP turns on when the temperature (N7:2I) equals the value in N7:.10. D. STAGE _2_ COMP turns off when the temperature equals the value in N7:11. 12. Perform the following adjustments to the system: A. Change the temperature at which STAGE_I_COMP on to 30 C. B. Change the temperature at which STAGE_I_COMP off to 25 C. C. Test your changes. turns
turns
;. 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
4-19
13. Create a custom data monitor containing the following addresses: SUP AIR THERMSTAT N7:21 N7:8 N7:9 N7:1O N7:11 STAGE 1 COMP STAGE 2 COMP 14. Using the custom data monitor created in Step 13., complete the following: A. Set STAGE 1 COMP to turn on at 35 C. B. Set STAGE 1 COMP to turn off at 30 C. C. Set STAGE 2 COMP to turn on at 45 C. D. Set STAGE 2 COMP to turn off at 40 C. E. Verify that the compressors turn on and off at the correct temperatures.
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
4-20
Answers
Exercise A
1. 1:113 (or 1:1.0/3). The input is wired to terminal 3 of an input module in slot 1. (The SLC 500 processor is in slot 0.) 2. 0:3/5 (or 0:3.0/5).The output is wired to output terminal 5 of a combination input/output module in slot 3. 3. 1:3/0 (or 1:3.0/0). See Answer 2. 4. 0:8/12 (or 0:8.0/12). Because an interconnect cable connects the two chassis, the slot numbering sequence continues into the inter-connected chassis. 5. 1:10.1. Analog inputs and outputs send data via channels and each channel uses one word of memory. The sensor is wired to channel 1 of an input module in slot 10. 6. 0:6.3
Exercise B 1.
Workstation Device BCD Input 1 Discrete Input 6 Discrete Input 7 Discrete Input 8 Discrete Input 9 Discrete Input 10 Discrete Input 11 Discrete Input 12 Discrete Input 13 Discrete Input 14 Discrete Input 15 Analog Input 1 BCD Output 1 Discrete Output 0 Discrete Output 2 Discrete Output 3 Discrete Output 4 Discrete Output 5 Discrete Output 6 Discrete Output 9 Discrete Output 11 Discrete Output 13 Discrete Output 15 Analog Output 1 Project Symbol SET COOL TIME START STOP OFF PB ZONE 1 ON PB ZONE 1 OFF PB ZONE 2 ON PB ZONE 2 OFF PB ZONE 3 ON PB ZONE 3 OFF PB ZONE 4 ON PB ZONE 4 SUP AIR THERMSTAT TIMER DISPLAY OUT DAMPER START COOL TIME COOL TIME DN COOL TIME RESET STAGE 1 COMP STAGE 2 COMP DAMPER ZONE 1 DAMPER ZONE 2 DAMPER ZONE 3 DAMPER ZONE 4 AIR TEMP GAGE Address 1:1.0 1:1.1/6 1:1.1/7 1:1.1/8 1:1.1/9 1:1.1/10 1:1.1/11 1:1.1/12 1:1.1/13 1:1.1/14 1:1.1/15 1:5.0 0:2.0 0:2.1/0 0:2.1/2 0:2.1/3 0:2.1/4 0:2.1/5 0:2.1/6 0:2.1/9 0:2.1/11 0:2.1/13 0:2.1/15 0:6.0 Alternate Address
; 1999 Allen-Bradlsy
Company, Inc.
Monitoring
4-21
6.
Radix Binary Octal Decimal Hex/BCD
Value
000000000011 0000
60 48
30
8.
Minimum decimal value Maximum decimal value
o
32767 (Depending on your workstation, it may be slightly less.)
10.
Minimum temperature (C) Maximum temperature (C) 1000 (Depending on your workstation, ~ may be slightly less.)
The temperature is also displayed on AIR_TEMP _GAGE. Each VDC equals 100 C.
1999 AllenBradley
Company, Inc.
r47smon
4-22
~ 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
LessonS
Interpreting Bit Instructions Using RSLogix 500 Software
What You Will Learn
Given an RSLogix 500 project, you will be able to perform these actions: Interpret bit instructions Determine logical continuity Change processor modes
Logical Continuity
A ladder logic rung is divided into two parts: conditional instructions and output instructions:
Conditional Instructions Output Instruction(s)
Rule: If there is a path of true conditional lnstrueflons, the rung is true and the output occurs.
5-2
Conditional Instructions
These instructions are used to examine specific conditions:
Name
Examine If Closed
Instruction Mnemonic
XIC
Symbol
Function
Examines a bit for an on (1) condlticn. If the blt is on, the instruction is true. Examines a bit for an off (0) condition. If the bit is off, the instruction is true. When the conditions preceding the instruction are true, makes the rung true for one program scan.
-J [-J/[-
Examine If Open
XIO
One-Shot Rising
OSR
-[OSR]-
Output Instructions
These instructions produce a specific output if the rung is true:
Instruction Name Mnemonic Symbol Function
If the rung is true, turns on a bit. When the rung goes faise or a power cycle occurs, the bit turns off. If the rung is true, turns on a bit. The bit remains on, even if the rung goes false or a power cycle occurs. If the rung is true, turns off a bit, The bit remains off, even if the rung goes false or a power cycle occurs.
Output Energize
OTE
-()-
Output Latch
OTL
-(L)-
Output Unlatch
OTU
-(U)-
Processor Modes
The following table outlines the operation of the processor in different modes:
Keyswitch Position Operation
Monitor inputs Execute ladder logic Control outputs Edit ladder logic Change mode using computer
RUN
PROG
REM
Run Prog Test
v v v v
v v v v v
v v v v v v
* SLC 5/01 and 5/02 processors do not have a keyswitch. All mode changes occur via communication channels (computer).
Interpreting
Bit Instructions
5-3
As the following table outlines, the processor can operate in three different test modes:
To scan a project without energizing outputs ... Continuously One rung at a time Once (execute a single scan) Then select this test mode ... Test Continuous Test Single Step Test Single Scan
Here's How
To perform these actions: Interpret bit instructions Determine logical continuity Change processor modes As your instructor demonstrates these procedures using the following examples, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
f-----l
....
1--------------------1
I-[----IJ~------<
Ff-_
----J]
_~ r----IJ
~_~__I~Cr~H---4------------~
t---~----1
1---------1'..-
'-
COILj~
fl 1999 AllenBradley
5-4
Software
13:1ll
~ -'
13:1
_
,"
'.
..
'
...JC
L
13:1/l
SWrrCH -3
T4:1 . TT
-j [ -----:tJ/l------------l~.
swrr
_l
"
-'
swrr
l
1-:
------tJ
~ ..I--------I
";_"
~--~
r---------------------------------l" r---------------------------------l"
t....
~~--~
swrrCH_13 .tJ"...
,.. ~--~
swrrCH_14 13:1/1
t-----I
Exercise
In this exercise, you will interpret bit instructions and determine logical continuity for the cool_l project. Directions: 1. Go online to the cool_l project of your workstation. (If you did not restore and download the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 2. Place the processor in Remote Program mode.
~. 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
5-5
5. What will cause rung 2:3 to become false, and what will happen when it becomes false?
5-6
Interpreting
Bit Instructions
Software
10. Toggle the processor between Remote Program and Remote Run modes and observe the changes in these items: On the processor front panel, the Run LED In the RSLogix 500 software: Program/Processor Power rails thumbwheei, enter 30 (minutes). Status Toolbar
12. Place the processor in the Remote Run mode and test your answers to questions 3.- 7. Split the Ladder window to display Rungs 2: 12 and 2:20 at the same time.
The answers are provided on the next page. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
5-7
Answers
Exercise
3. Rung 2:3 becomes true when both START and STOP are on. Since STOP is normally closed (on), only START has to be turned on to make the rung true. 4. When rung 2:3 becomes true, ON_COMMAND turns on. Once ON_COMMAND is on, rung continuity will be maintained even if START turns off. 5. When STOP turns off, Rung 2:3 becomes false, turning ON COMMAND off. 6. ON - COMMAND -ZONE 2 turns on when all three of these conditions are met: A. ON -PB -ZONE -2 is on. B. C5:01DN is off. C5:01DN is a bit turned on and off by a counter in the ladder logic. C. OFF PB ZONE 2 is off. - 7. ON -COMMAND -ZONE 2 turns off when OFF - PB -ZONE -2 turns on. Once ON_COMMAND_ZONE_2 is on, ON_PB_ZONE_2 C5:0/DN no longer affect rung continuity. 8. CU_ZONE _2 will be for one program scan when ON -COMMAND -ZONE 2 turns on. 9. NEW_ZONE will be on when either CU_ZONE_l, CU_ZONE_2, CU_ZONE_3, or CU_ZONE_ 4 are on.
and
5-8
Lesson
Key Terms
Accumulated Value (ACC): The number of elapsed time intervals or counted events. Preset Value (PRE): The number of time intervals or events to be counted. Timebase: The interval at which the timer instruction increments. For SLC 5/01"'" processors the timebase is 0.01 second. For SLC 5/02"'" , 5/03 .",. , 5/04 and 5/05"'" processors, the timebase can be set at either 0.01 or 1.0 second.
1M ,
Status Bits: Bits that are set or reset indicating the status of an instruction.
Count Down
CTD
Reset
RES
Is true
6-2
Interpreting
Maximum Preset and Accumulated Values The following table outlines the range for preset and accumulated values:
Instruction Timers Counters PRE and ACC Range
o to +32,767
-32,768 to +32,767
~ 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
6-3
Here's How
Using the following examples, your instructor will demonstrate interpreting timer and counter instructions.
And these are ... The TON ... A. Times IEN {TT
IDN
0
B. Times out
Resets
1 1
0
1
0 0
1
0
..... EN .'
And these are ... TheTOF ... Resets A. Times IEN {TT 0
1
0 0
1 0
IDN 1 1 0
B. Times out
Rev.October 1999~
1999Allen-Bradley Company,Inc.
r47sitc
6-4
:'EN ...
<,
'DN')-
---""1
And these are ... The RTO ... A. Times B. Times out Suspends
IEN 1 1
0
/TT
IDN
0
.ACC
Increasing
1
0 0
1
0
= Preset
Constant
SWITCH_ 4
Each time the rung containing the CTU instruction changes from false to true, the accumulated value increments by one. The status bits are set or reset as follows:
This bit ... CU ON Is set when ... The rung is true. The accumulated value is greater than or equal to the preset value. The accumulated value wraps from +32,767 to -32,768 and increments from there. And is reset when ... The rung is false. The accumulated value is less than the preset value. The accumulated value decrements less than or equal to +32,767.
DV
6-5
o ou nt
.,.0 D-:"
OClunter Pre:aet
e;c:
0<
.:'DN)-
Accum
Each time the rung containing the CTD instruction changes from false to true, the accumulated value decrements by one. The status bits are set or reset as follows:
This bit ... CD DN Is set when ... The rung is true. The accumulated value is greater than or equal to the preset value. The accumulated value wraps from -32,768 to +32,767 and decrements from there. And is reset when ... The rung is false, The accumulated value is less than the preset value. The accumulated value increments greater than or equal to +32,767.
UN
Exercise
In this exercise, you will interpret timer and counter instructions for the cool_l project. Directions: 1. Go online to the cool_l project of your workstation. (If you did not restore and download the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 2. Place the processor in the Remote Program mode. 3. When is COOL_TIME_RESET (Rung 2:7) on?
g 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, tnc,
r47sitc
6-6
Interpreting
4. When is START_COOL_TIME
5. When is OUT_DAMPER
6. What happens to T4:11.ACC (Rung 2:22) when COMPRESSORS ENABLE turns off?
9. Since C5:0/DN must be off before a new zone can be opened (rungs 2:8, 11, 14, and 17), what C5:0.ACC values (rung 2:20) will allow a new zone to open.
; 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
6-7
to count down?
on (rung 2:12)?
12. Place the processor in the Remote Run mode. 13. In the SET_COOL_TIME 14. Press START. 15. Test your answers. To expedite CU_HOURS (Question 7.) reaching its preset value, monitor its data file and enter an accumulated value that is relatively close to the preset. thumbwheel, enter 30 (minutes).
Turn the page for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
6-8
Interpreting
Answers
Exercise
3. COOL_TIME _RESET is on for two seconds (200 x 0.01) after either ON OFF CYCLE or NEW ZONE are turned on. -
4. START -COOL -TIME is turned on three seconds after ON_COMMAND is turned on, as long as COOL_TIME_DN is off. When either ON COMMAND turns off or COOL_TIME_DN turns on, START_COOL_TIME will turn off. 5. OUT_DAMPER, which opens and closes the outside air damper, is turned on as soon as ON_COMMAND is turned on, as long as COOL_TIME _DN is off. When either ON_COMMAND turns off or COOL_TIME_DN turns on, OUT_DAMPER will remain on for three seconds, then turn off. 6. T4:11.ACC will hold its value. 7. T4:11.ACC is reset to zero when Rung 2:23 goes true, enabling the RES instruction. In this case, T4: 11 is programmed to run as a free-running timer as long as COMPRSSRS ENABLE is on. 8. C5:1 counts up once everyone hour. T4:11IDN is turned on after CU_HOURS times for 3600 seconds (1 hour). When T4:11IDN turns on, C5:1 counts up, CU_HOURS is reset (Rung 2:23), and CU _HOURS starts timing again. 9. Zero or one. When C5:0.ACC is greater than one, C5:01DN turns on and any further zones cannot be opened. 10. ZONES_OPEN _ CNT counts down each time either T4:6, 7, 8, or 9 start timing. The timer must stop timing, making the rung false again, before ZONES_OPEN _CNT can count down again 11. T4:7m is on for 0.04 seconds (the timer is timing) after ON_COMMAND _ZONE _2 is turned off. It is used to send a pulse to Rung 2:21 and decrement ZONES_OPEN_CNT.
Documentation Options
The following table outlines the different types of documentation that can be added to an RSLogix 500 project:
If you want to ...
Label the function of a group of rungs Describe the function of a specific rung Describe the function of an address regardless of the instruction with which it is used Describe the function of a specific address and instruction combination Use a string of alphanumeric characters to label an address
Important:
Here's How
To produce project documentation by performing these actions: Enter a page title Enter a rung comment Enter an address description Enter an instruction comment Enter a symbol As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
7-2
Project
Exercise
In this exercise, you will enter additional documentation to the cool_2 project. Directions: To enable more efficient troubleshooting, such as during an off shift, the cool_2 project requires additional documentation, which either engineering has supplied or you have drafted based on your experience with the project. 1. Go online to the cool_2 project residing on your workstation. (If you did not restore and download the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 2. Add the following page titles to the specified rungs:
File Number:Rung 2:3 2:20 3:3 Number Page Title Cooling Unit Star! and Reset Run Time Tracking Adjustable Timing Relay
Company, Inc.
Documenting
an RSLogix 500'"
Project
7-3
Turn the page for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
7-4
Project
Answers
Exercise
2. Using advanced diagnostics, display the page titles for program files 2 and 3. The dialog boxes should look like the following ones:
Advanced Dlagnoolics
El
....
--
Advanced DIagnostics
El
3. The rung comments should be displayed above the respective rungs. 4. The address descriptions should be displayed above the respective addresses. 5. The instruction comments should be displayed above the respective address and instruction combinations. 6. The symbols should be displayed above the respective addresses.
LessonS
Interpreting Comparison Instructions Using RSLogix 500 Software
What You Will Learn
Given an RSLogix 500 project, you will be able to interpret comparison instructions.
Comparison Instructions
Comparison instructions are input instructions that test the relationship between two values, Source A and Source B: Source A is a word address. Source B is a word address or a constant. The following table outlines the function of comparison instructions:
This instruction Name Equal Not Equal Less Than Less Than or Equal Greater Than Greater Than or Equal ... Mnemonic EaU NEa LES LEa GAT GEQ Is true when Source A is ... Equal to Source B Not equal to Source B Less than Source B Less than or equal to Source B Greater than Source B Greater than or equal to Source B
8-2
Software
Here's How
Using the following examples, your instructor will demonstrate interpreting comparison instructions. Example: EQU and NEQ Instructions
CO IL 0
r---EQU Equal Source A Source B
~
N7:0 B:2< N7::2
2:5<
CO
r---NEQ Not Equal Source A Source B
f"'
~.
<,
CO
r---LES Less Than (Ac:B) Source A N7:0 B:2< Source B N7::2 :25<
co
r---LEQ Less Than or Eql (A<=B) Source A N7:0 B2< Source B N7:2 2~c:
,.
-c
8-3
.,.
~ .,.
N7:'::: 50c:
.~
COl --LlM Limit Teat Low Lirn Teat Hiqh Lirn .'
-;
Exercise
In this exercise, you will interpret comparison instructions for the cool_2 project. Directions: 1. Restore the cool_2 project from the exercise disk to the folder assigned by your instructor.
r47sica
8-4
Interpreting
Comparison
Instructions
Software
2. Assign the cool_2 project a node address specified by your instructor. 3. Download the cool_2 project to your workstation and go online. 4. When is DAMPER_ZONE_3 (Rung 2:18) on?
6. Besides COMPRSSRS _ENABLE being on, what additional conditions must be met before STAGE_l_COMP (Rung 2:11) turns on?
8. Place the processor in the Remote Run mode. 9. In the SET_COOL_TIME 10. Press START. thumbwheel, enter 30 (minutes).
8-5
Turn the page for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
8-6
Interpreting
Comparison
Instructions
Answers
4. DAMPER ZONE 3 turns on when either N7:15 or N7:16 equals 3. When either of those conditions are met, OFF_DELAY _ZONE_ 3 is enabled, setting the DN bit immediately. The DN bit, in turn, turns on DAMPER - ZONE -3. 5. DAMPER_ZONE_3 turns off 0.80 seconds (0.01 x 80) after both N7:15 and N7:16 are no loner equal to 3. 6. As long as COMPRSSRS_ENABLE is on, STAGE_1_COMP turns on whenever N7:21 (supply air thermostat) is greater than or equal to N7:8 and greater than N7:9. 7. When either COMPRSSRS_ENABLE turns off, or N7:21 is less than or equal to N7:9, STAGE_l_COMP turns off. Once STAGE _1_ COMP is on, the GEQ instruction no longer affects rung continuity. Rung 2:11 sets up a deadband (N7:8 minus N7:9) for each compressor. The compressors cool down the air by the deadband amount before turning off and do not turn on until the air heats back up by deadband amount. This prevents the compressors from cycling on and off due to small temperature changes.
~. 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
Lesson
Key Terms
Mask: A binary value used to exclude selected bits of a word from being operated on by an instruction. File: As used in instructions, a block of consecutive elements within a data file that are operated on by an instruction. A # in front of an address designates it as the start of a file.
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD): A numbering system (radix) in which groups of four bits represent a specific digit.
9-2
Software
Instruction Operation
The following table outlines the operation of specific data handling instructions:
This Instruction ... Name
Convert from BCD Convert to BCD Move Masked Move Copy File Fill File
Mnemonic
FRD
Here's How
Using the following examples, your instructor will demonstrate interpreting data handling instructions. Example: FRD and TOn Instructions
....--FRD From BeD Source Dest
I---
1:1.0
OOOOh<
W:6 5<
SWITCH_O
_1 r _ L
I---
.~ 1999 Allen-Bradlev
Company, Inc.
9-3
-4
., r
...--MVM M asked Source M Clve 1:3.0 ~::2~40C: N7:8 FFOOhc: 0:4.0 -.3:27~ 8e:
r., ask
Dest
The following table outlines the function of the mask in the MVM instruction:
If a bit in the mask is ... Then the corresponding source bit is ..
Entered in the corresponding destination bit Not entered in the corresponding destination bit
,-
8WITC H -
e
..---COP File Sourl~e Dest Length
CO~f
r -
9-4
Exercise
In this exercise, you will interpret data handling instructions for the cool_2 project. Directions: 1. Go online to the cool_2 project of your workstation. (If you did not restore and download the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 2. Place the processor in Remote Program mode. 3. When a zone's on button is pushed, what events occur in Rung 2:14.
4. In Rung 2:2, which bits from 0:2.1 are moved through the mask into N7:13?
5. If all the zone dampers are closed (LIGHT, /11, /13, and /15 are off), what action(s) does Rung 2:1 perform? Do not try to close the dampers.
6. When Rung 2:0 is true, which addresses are moved by the COP instruction and to where are they moved?
9-5
9. Place the processor in the Remote Run mode. 10. In the SET_COOL_TIME 11. Press START. 12. Test your answers, keeping these points in mind: To observe the effects of the mask used in Rung 2:2, create a custom data monitor that displays LIGHT4, N7:12, and N7:13 in the binary radix. To observe the effects of Rung 2:0, enter new values into N7:0-13, and then change the processor mode to Program and then back to Run. thumbwheel, enter 30 (minutes).
Turn the page for the answers. If you have any questions, ask
your instructor for assistance.
9-6
Answers
Exercise
3. The integer in N7:15, representing the zone open the longest, is moved to N7:16, replacing the previous integer in N7:16. The integer representing the zone whose button was pushed is moved into N7:15, replacing the previous integer in N7:15. 4. The status of bits 9, 11, 13, and 15 from 0:2.1 are written to the corresponding bits in N7:13. 5. When all the zone dampers are closed (off), N7:13 equals zero, making Rung 2:1 true. When true, Rung 2:1 moves the integer 1 into N7:15 and the integer 2 into N7:16. This opens the dampers for zones 1 and 2, ensuring that at least two dampers are open at all times. 6. N10:0-13 are moved to N7:0-13. In this project, N10:0-13 stores default project parameters, and N7:0-13 contains the values actually used by the ladder logic. If the values in N7:0-13 are changed, cycling the processor from Program to Run mode resets the default values. 7. When true, Rung 3:0 converts SET_COaL_TIME to an integer value and places the result in C5:2.PRE, the counter's preset value. 8. Rung 3:2 takes the accumulated value of C5:2, converts it to BCD, and displays the result in TIMER_DISPLAY.
Lesson
10
Key Terms
Subroutine: A program file that performs a specific task. For SLC 500"'" processors, program files 3-255 are subroutines.
10-2
Non-Retentive Output Instruction: A rung-output instruction that continually controls the state of the output. Whenever the rung changes state (to true or not true), the output turns on or off.
Retentive Output Instruction: A rung-output instruction that sets the state of the output only when the rung is true. Whenever the rung is not true, it does not control the state of the output.
Mnemonic
JSR
Function
Causes program scan to jump to a different program file and resume scanning at that point Marks the beginning of a subroutine but has no effect on rung continuity or program execution Note: The SBR is an optional instruction. Used in a subroutine to return program scan to the program file from which the subroutine was initiated Note: The RET is an optional instruction. Causes program scan to jump to a rung marked by a LBL and resume scanning at that point Marks the point at which program scan resumes after a JMP has been executed Marks the beginning or end of an MCR zone, which can be used to turn off non-retentive outputs regardless of rung continuity Returns program scan to rung 2:0 without scanning the remaining rungs Halts program execution based on input conditions
Subroutine
SBR
RET
Jump to Label
JMP
Label
LBL
MCR
TND SUS
Company, Inc.
Interpreting
Program
Control
Instructions
Using RSLogix
500'"
Software
10-3
Subroutines
A JSR instruction interrupts the execution of a program file to perform a specific task (subroutine). When the task has been performed, program scan resume at the rung after the JSR:
Program File 2
Subroutine
One subroutine can also direct program execution to another subroutine. This procedure is called nesting:
Program File 2
Subroutine 2
Subroutine 3
MeR Zones
MCR instructions arc used in pairs to mark the start and end of an MCR zone:
If the rung with the MCR instruction that starts the zone is ...
True False
Then all non-retentive outputs within the MCR zone are ...
Turned on or off according to rung continuity Turned off regardless of rung continuity
10-4
Keep tbese points in mind wben interpreting MeR instructions: The MeR instruction is not a substitute for a bard-wired master control relay. TOF timers will time within an MeR zone regardless of the state of tbe zone. If an unmatcbed MeR instruction exists in tbe project, the END instruction is used to mark tbe end of the MeR zone.
Here's How
Using the following examples, your instructor will demonstrate how to interpret program control instructions. Example: Interpreting Subroutines
Company, Inc.
r47sicn
Software
10-5
f----------------------c
Q7:905 L8L~
83::2,'0
83::211
.,'
.----..
EN
Accum
0<
TOF Timer Off Delay Timer T4:7 Time 8ase 0.0'1 Preset '1000< Accum 1000<
EN DN)-
r------------------------<,MCR,
I
Rev. October 1999
.WI;Cr:_-1_r_.I
~;.TND~
1999 Allen,Bradley
10-6
Example:
Interpreting
SWITCH_15 .., r
SUS Instruction
,....--GEQ Grtr Than or Eql (A.~=B) r---Source A N7:0
132<
_ c
Source B
75 75<
t-2.3
Exercise
~
In this exercise, you will interpret program control instructions for the cool_l and cool_2 projects. Directions: 1. Download the cool_l project to your workstation and go online. 2. If T4:01DN is on, which rung will be executed after Rung 2:5?
4. Verify your answers to Questions 2.-3. by performing these actions: A. Place the processor in Remote Run Mode. B. In the SET_COaL_TIME between 15 and 60. thumbwheel, enter a number
C. To turn on T4:0IDN, press START. D. Use the Test Single Step mode to observe the sequence in which rungs are scanned. E. Select the Remote Run mode. F. To turn off T4:0IDN, press STOP. G. Use the Test Single Step mode to observe the sequence in which rungs are scanned. 5. Download the cool_2 project to your workstation and go online.
' 1999 Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. Rev. October 1999
r47sicn
Interpreting
10-7
8. Verify your answers to Questions 6.-7. by performing these actions: A. Place the processor in Remote Run Mode. B. In the SET_COOL _TIME thurnbwheel, enter a number between 15 and 60. C. To turn on T4:0IDN, press START. D. Use the Test Single Step mode to observe the sequence in which rungs are scanned. E. Select the Remote Run mode. F. To turn off T4:0IDN, press STOP. G. Use the Test Single Step mode to observe the sequence in which rungs are scanned. 9. If both compressors are running, what happens when ALL_SHUT_OFF (Rung 2:3) turns on?
11. What happens to any open dampers when ALL_SHUT_OFF turns on?
10-8
12. What happens to C5:1.ACC (Rung 2:21) when ALL - SHUT - OFF turns on?
13. Verify your answers to Questions 9.-12. by performing these actions: A. Place the processor in Remote Run mode. B. Press START. C. Turn up SUP _AIR _THERMSTAT until both compressors turn on. D. Turn on ALL -SHUT -OFF.
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
10-9
~ 1999 Allen-Bradley
10-10
Interpreting
Software
Answers
Exercise
2. When Rung 2:5 is true (T4:0/DN in on), program execution continues with rungs 4:0-3, and then returns to Rung 2:6. 3. When Rung 2:5 is false (T4:0/DN is off) program execution continues with Rung 2:6, skipping program file 4. 6. If Rung 2:8 is false (T4:0/DN is on) program execution continues with Rung 2:9. 7. If Rung 2:8 is true (T4:0/DN is off), program execution jumps to Rung 2:12. 9. When Rung 2:0 is false (ALL_SHUT_OFF is on), all non-retentive outputs are turned off, which includes both compressors. 10. No. Since CU _HOURS is a non-retentive when Rung 2:0 is false. output, it will reset
11. When ALL_SOOT_OFF turns on, any open dampers will close (turn off). See answer 9. 12. In a false MCR zone (i.e., The MCR rung that starts the zone is false.), counters retain their values.
11
Given an RSLogix 500 project, you will be able to search ladder logic by performing these actions: Find the next occurrence of an instruction, symbol, or address Find all occurrences of an instruction, symbol, or address Replace instructions and addresses Display a cross-reference report Search using advanced diagnostics
Search Options
The following table outlines the search options available in the RSLogix 500 software:
Search Option
Find Next
Function
Locates and displays the next occurrence of a specified address, symbol, or instruction Locates all occurrences of a specified address, symbol, or instruction and lists them in the Results window Locates edit zones Locates a specified address, symbol, or instruction and replaces it with a different address or instruction Displays a list of the project's addresses or symbols and their respective instructions and rungs
Locates an output instruction using project
Cross-Reference
Advanced Diagnostics Go To
Here's How
To search ladder logic by performing these actions: Find the next occurrence of an instruction, symbol, or address Find all occurrences of an instruction, symbol, or address Replace instructions and addresses Display a cross-reference report Search using advanced diagnostics As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
r47ssch
11-2
Searching
Software
Exercise
In this exercise, you will search the cool_2 project. Directions: While troubleshooting I/O problems, the Troubleshooting Guide requires you to locate specific instructions. 1. Go offline to the cool_2 project. (If you did not restore the project from the exercise disk, do so now.) 2. Using the Find Next feature, locate and list the occurrences of the following addresses:
Mnemonic and/or Address
Example: 0:2.1/3 0:2.1/2
1:1.0
COOL TIME
83:0/5
MOV N7:15
Replace Address
0:6.1 1:5.1
5. Display a cross-reference report and use it to identify the instructions and rungs that use the address T4:0 or its status bits:
Instruction Type File Number:Rung Number
1999 AllenBradley
Company, Inc.
Searching
11-3
6. Using advanced diagnostics, identify the rungs and output instructions associated with the page title "Compressor On/Off," found in program file 2:
Rung Number Instruction and Address
Turn the page for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
r47ssch
11-4
Searching
Answers
Exercise 5.
Instruction Type
TOF XIC XIO
6. To answer this question, you should have displayed the following dialog box:
Adv.anced D,agnostic.
EJ
C~rrp't,.~'" 0"';;''011
om
JSR
" u:;;'
H:W Oll!tO
O:Z/Z2
toN
ors
R<W.l
~S';;~';im .
. ..__ ..~._"
I L_ ..... __
12
Given an RSLogix 500 project, you will be able to force inputs and outputs on and off.
Safety Precaution
A'ITENTION: Use EXTREME CAUTION when using forcing. All
force functions can result in sudden machine movement, possibly injuring personnel or damaging equipment. If forces are established, enabling forces will enable all forces without prompting. If forces are enabled, any additional forces will take effect immediately. Before proceeding, verify the status of forces, verify that you are online to the correct processor, notify personnel of the proposed changes, and take adequate safety precautions.
12-2
Software
Program Files
1'3/0 1-----( 3{7 0:4/0
-a
1:3{7
I.
0:4/1
Here's How
To force inputs and outputs on and off: As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
12-3
Exercise
This exercise provides you with different troubleshooting scenarios that require forcing. Determine whether to force the specified point on or off and the force point. Directions: 1. Go online to the cool_2 project residing on your workstation. (If you did not restore and/or download the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 2. The push button STOP has failed. A. Force that device so the cooling unit runs while a replacement part is obtained. B. Using your workstation, verify that ON_COMMAND turns on regardless of the condition of STOP. 3. OUT_DAMPER is not operating and you want to verify that the problem is with the field wiring/device. Force OUT_DAMPER to check its operation. 4. A faulty input temperature probe is causing STAGE_2_COMP to remain on, possibly overheating the unit.
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
12-4
Answers
Exercise
2.
A. STOP should be forced on because it must be on before ON -COMMAND is turned on. ON -COMMAND must be on for the cooling unit to operate. B. ON_COMMAND remains on regardless of the actual position (state) of STOP. 3. OUT_DAMPER should be forced on. If the problem is with the wiring or device, the device will remain off.
4.
A. STAGE_2_ COMP should be forced off to prevent the unit from overheating. B. In the output data file, STAGE _2_COMP is on. (XIC STAGE_2_COMP is intensified.) Remember, forcing an output does not affect the output data file. S. DAMPER_ZONE_3 should be forced. Forcing the input would affect program logic and possibly prevent another zone from opening.
13
Given a hard copy of ladder logic marked up with changes, you will be able to produce a modified RSLogix 500 project by performing these actions: Enter a rung, instruction, and address or symbol Edit an instruction Enter a branch Verify ladder logic Edit ladder logic online in the Remote Program and Remote Run modes
*You can only perform on line editing with SLC 5/03 or 5/04 processors.
1999 Allen-Bradley
13-2
e
i or 1*
r or R* D*
* Upper-case markers only apply to online editing in the Remote Run mode. When edits are accepted, lower-case i and r markers change to upper-case markers. Safety Precaution
ATfEN'TION: Use extreme caution when editing ladder logic online. Any errors can injure personnel and damage equipment. Before editing ladder logic online perform the following actions: Check if editing ladder logic online is permitted by your company. Evaluate if changes must be made online. Assess how machinery will respond to changes. Check and recheck proposed changes for accuracy. Notify all personnel of changes.
Here's How
To modify an RSLogix 500 project by performing these actions: Enter a rung, instruction, and address or symbol Edit an instruction Enter a branch Verify ladder logic Edit ladder logic online: Remote Program mode Remote Run mode
As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
r47sedd
Software
13-3
Exercise
In this exercise, you will modify the cool_2 project, both offline and online, according to hard copies of ladder logic marked up with changes. Directions: 1. Go offline to the cool_2 project. (If you did not restore the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 2. While offline, make the following edits to program file 2:
START
0004
~~.ol
OS~
1 -\
STqJio' ~/7 ~~.
I
~
0005
ON_COMMAND B3:0/4
-I \
~~/'~JQ
'#..\"0
ON_COMMAND 63:0/4
0006
~:~:~ I
\~cum_
'~.. ( EN .. -~
I,
ON
'1.-
_~
----
START _SYS_DELAY TON--Timer On Delay tEN, Timer T4:1 Time Base 1.0 -ION Preset 3< Accum O<i
I---
T4:1fTT
j~-
\:)~\c.~
T4:01ON 0007
0008
-+
OUT_DAMPER Q2:0 JMP
- r
3. Verify the edits that you made in Step 2. 4. Save the changes you have just made and enter a revision note. 5. Download the project and go online.
1999 Allen-Bradley
13-4
6. Place the processor in the Remote Program mode and make the following changes to the project:
83:0/5 0011
>~
r-------
--I
--~ r
60<
Source B N7:8 35<1 Source B
60<1
__
N7:9 I
--GJ
STAGE 1 COMP
.!.~.s
0:2.1/7
STAGE 1 COMP
----J -.--1
SUP_AIR.TEMP ------GEQ --
~--
-l
I
60<
Source B
L-
N7:10
50
60<
Source B N7:11 45<
STAGE 2 COMP
'-----;
: 0012
E--..
SIM.AOJ. TlMING.RELAY r-,-JSR ----1 .,JumpTo Subroutine I SBR File Number
H
I
Q2:0 LBL'
0013
l__
J[
T4:10m ~~~.----
_~:~J
B3:0/1
r
1
TON
NEW.ZONE B3:0/2
hEN--
7. Verify and accept the edits that you made in Step 6. 8. Place the processor in the Remote Run mode and insert the following rungs between rungs 2:21 and 2:22:
8 REPEATC,(CLE 82:41'4 1-[--.-------lJ 1-[ -----.--------~( B3: 01'7 320_'"
C5:11DN
83:0/15
~-J----I
~--IJ I-[--------------~
83:0/14
C5:HDN
B3:017
I-[--.------~J
'----IJ 1-[-B3:01'7
I-[----------~--------------~( /
--1
83:0/13
I--------------------------(:~RES_.)-----l
;; 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
13-5
TI~E T9:01DN
~--.-!
E----
CU SECONDS ~TON-I
l imer On Delay Timer Time Base Preset Accum
-'~,EN
161:o/s-
~
00'9(
T9:,OIDN ~~
i)e.I .. t-e.
--o;;;;;; ~ __
~ (CU
C5:21 30<
6<
I
(ON
I--
COOL TIME ON
-:r-~...L.b----~=---~==
.:::::::.~_---~=-~-.
---~-:.~::r;-:--0-/3----
oo~
10. Verify, accept, test, and assemble your edits. 11. Save the project and go offline.
Turn the page for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
13-6
Software
Answers
Exercise 2.
ON_OFF_CYCLE B~:OI1 ON_COM MAND 83:01'4
B3:014 ~)----
0005
I-_--------~
~.o-~---~
(looe;
ON COM",AND B~:014
C5:2t'DN
OPEN OUT_DAM PER TOF Time-r Off Dels~1 Time-r T4:0 Time- Bsse1.0 Pre-se-t 3<
Accum
_='E N ~)-_-----,':'DN')-
0<
START_SYS_DELAY TON ------, Time-r On Dela~1 Time-r T4:'1 Time- Base1.0 .3< Pr e-ae-t .3< Accurn
;- 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
13-7
6.
COMPRS S RS_ENABLE 83: ~6 Oonpr 8;l30r On'Off SUP ..AIR3EMP SUP ..AIR3EMP -GEQ -GRT Grtr Than or Eql i,A>=8) Gr ester Than (A>8) N7:2-1 SourcaA N7:21 SourceA 63< 63< Source B N7:8 Source B N7:9
0011
--..,
0:2_
35<
STAG E_-l_COMP -, r
30-(
~
SUP ..AI R3EMP -GRT Gr sstar Than (A>B) SourceA N7:21 63< N7:1-1 Sourc s B 46< STAG EY-COMP
SUP ..AIR_TEMP -GEQ Grtr Than or Eql (A>=B) SourceA N7:21 63< Source B N7:10 60<
STAGEY-COMP
-, r
1:----,------------------------.--1
NEW-.iONE B3:(\'2
1-----:1
TON-----, Timer On Dai9l Timer T4:10 Time Bsas 1_0 P r 93 et 1< Meum 0<
T4:-1(\'TT f-------Z-HES'
COOLTIME C6:2
8.
320_MS_REPEATCYCLE C5:1,ooN
0022
83: Cl!'7 8:2:414
83:0/15
~~J
C5:1,ooN
0023
r[--------------~
83:0/14
83:01'7
r[---,,---------lJ r[--------~--------------~
8.=::01'7
~--lJ ~[--------------~
83:0/13
0024
13-8
9.
COMPRSSRS_ENABLE
B3:015
0003
Simulst~d Adjuat.ableTiming R~lsy ClI_SECONDS T9:O,'DN TON : Timer On D~ls~1 Timer W:O Tirne Base 1.0
Pr ea et
e;oc:
31<
Accum
10": 1.:
~DN>-
0004
~----------------------------------------------------------~':END)--
14
Given a computer configured for printing, you will configure and preview project printouts.
Print Options
Important: Printing can only be accomplished offline.
Rung numbers, documentation, and address formats print according to how they are configured in the Ladder window.
Here's How
To preview project printouts by performing these actions: Preview ladder views Configure reports Preview reports As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the RSLogix 500 Procedures Guide.
Exercise
In this exercise, you will preview project printouts. Directions: 1. Go offline to the cool_2 project. (If you did not restore the project from the exercise disk, do so at this time.) 2. Display the project documentation and preview the view of program file 2. 3. Turn off the display of documentation and preview the view of program file 2.
14-2
4. Configure and preview a report that includes these items: Processor Information I/O Configuration Channel Configuration Program File 2 Ladder Database Addresses and Symbols
~. 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
Lesson
15
r47snoi
15-2
Troubleshooting
Noise-Related
Noise Diagnosis
Tabs 1 and 2 of the troubleshooting guide provide the initial diagnoses that a problem is related to noise: GeHing Started
Yes --~:.
Does the problem seem to occur at the same time of the day?
No
~,
Does the problem seem to be linked to a specific process event? No
--
...
Memory Corruption Fault: A fault in which noise produces errors in user or firm ware memory. When SLC 500 firm ware detects memory errors, these actions occur: All outputs turn off An empty, default project containing a four-digit fault code replaces the existing project
Troubleshooting
Noise-Related
Software
15-3
Grounding
Determine if the system is properly grounded: Is paint stripped from all points of contact between the SLC 500 chassis and the mounting' plate? Are ground wires proper size and length? Are ground wires routed away from power wires and potential noise generating devices? .
15-4
Troubleshooting
Noise-Related
Software
Incoming Power
Determine if the system has an adequate supply of power: Are excessive power line fluctuations and transients feeding the chassis power supply? Are MOVs used to suppress power fluctuations and transients?
r47snoi
Troubleshooting
Noise-Related
15-5
Communication
Determine if communication networks are properly wired: Are cables correct for all connections? Do 1747-AJCs connect each device on a DH-485 network? Is termination jumper at each physical end of the DH-485 network? Is DH-485 network cable shield grounded at one end? Is termination resistor at each physical end of the DH+ network?
TM
Are communication cables not running in wireways with power wires? Do communication cables cross power wires at 90 degree angles? DH-485 Cable Connections
1747-AIC SLC 5/02
TM
and 5/03
TM
Processors
Processors
Termination Resistor
\ /
1999 Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. r47snoi
15-6
Troubleshooting
Noise-Related
Software
Heat
Determine if excessive heat may be causing memory corruption: Do chassis have required space for convection cooling? Is enclosure ventilated if ambient temperature is very hot? Is processor protected from hot spots?
Here's How
To troubleshoot noise-related problems: As your instructor demonstrates these procedures using the following examples, follow along in the 1747 SLC 500 Programmable Controllers Troubleshooting Guide. Example One Malfunction Report: The entire system periodically shuts off and must be restarted. The shut-down does not follow a pattern and a similar system at another location does not experience the problem. Example Two Operator reports the following: "The system works fine, except the speed of the output conveyor never changes in response to commands from a pressure sensor."
Troubleshooting
Noise-Related
Software
15-7
Exercise
In this exercise, you will diagnose malfunctions of the cool_2 project and determine if they are noise-related. Directions: Determine which of following the malfunctions are noise-related. Discuss your results with the rest of the class: 1. Malfunction Report: The system timer always fails to reset when the damper for zone 3 opens. 2. Operator reports the following: "The system works fine except that every now and then the compressors shut off before the desired temperature is reached." The compressors turn on or off in response to an analog temperature sensor. Operators from other shifts report the same problem. The problem does not occur on a similar system in a different building. 3. Malfunction Report: The damper for zone 4, which uses I/O from a remote I/O chassis, sometimes fails to open in response to the on push button. One operator noticed that the problem is more pronounced when the overhead, electric crane is in operation. 4. Operator reports the following: "The damper for zone 3 occasionally fails to fully open, restricting the supply of cooling air." While investigating the problem, you observe that the damper consistently energizes when it should, but sometimes fails to fully open, causing the problem.
Turn the page for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
15-8
Troubleshooting
Noise-Related
Software
Answers
Exercise
1. The problem is probably not noise-related because it always occurs. 2. The problem is probably noise-related because it is intermittent: the problem occurs "every now and then," the problem occurs on different shifts, and the problem does not occur on a similar system. 3. The problem is probably noise-related because it is intermittent. The remote I/O cable may be improperly wired or placed in a poor location, picking up noise from the electric crane. 4. The problem is probably not noise-related because the output is energizing when it should. The damper is probably sticking or jamming.
You can obtain further information about these factors from the document: Checklist for SLC 5103 and 5104 Memory Corruption and CPU Errors Generated by Noise, available free from Rockwell Automation. For a free copy, contact Rockwell Automation and request document # 9655 at: AutoFax Service at 440-646-6701 Internet website http://www.ab.comlmem/prodserv/ servicesltechnotesltechmain.html
Lesson
16
Troubleshooting Processor and Power Supply Problems Using RSLogix 500 Software
What You Will Learn
Given a previously operational SLC 500 system, you will be able to troubleshoot processor and power supply problems.
The "Getting Started" section of the troubleshooting guide outlines the initial actions that you should perform whenever a malfunction or failure occurs: 1. Ask the operator what happened when the failure occurred. 2. If the problem has occurred before, try the same corrective action(s). 3. Rule out as the cause or repair all apparent machine or process problem(s).
16-2
Troubleshooting
cpu
r47spop
Troubleshooting
Software
16-3
Processor Battery
SLC 5/01'" and SLC 5/02'" Processors
SLC 5/02
cpu
Battery
Power Supply o
Power LED
Fuse --t+-
Voltage Jumper
r47spop
16-4
Troubleshooting Processor and Power Supply Problems Using RSLogix 500 ~ Software
Safety Precautions
ATIENTION:
Remove power from the SLC 500 chassis before accessing the processor or other components. Failure to remove power could cause damage to hardware, or cause personal injury or equipment damage due to unexpected machine operation.
Here's How
To troubleshoot processor and power supply problems: As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the 1747 SLC 500 Programmable Controllers Troubleshooting Guide.
Exercise
In this exercise, you will troubleshoot simulated processor and power supply problems. Directions: Initial troubleshooting diagnosis has taken you to Tab 8B of the troubleshooting guide. Complete the troubleshooting process based on the following steps. In Steps 6. and 7., you will establish and clear faults. 1. Assume the following hardware indications: Power supply LED is on. Processor FLT LED is flashing Processor BAIT LED is on. Diagnose and correct the situation: A. To which tab would you proceed?
B. Perform the actions specified by that tab. (Use the existing battery as the replacement battery.)
Troubleshooting
16-5
2. Starting again at Tab 8B, assume the following indications: Power supply LED is off. All processor LEDs are off. Diagnose and correct the situation: A. What hardware components are you instructed to check?
B. On your workstation, locate each of those items. 3. Starting again at Tab 8B, assume the following indications: Power supply LED is on. All processor LEDs are off. Keyswitch is in the RUN position. Project is not in the suspend mode. Diagnose and correct the situation: A. What actions would you perform?
B. If the RUN LED still remains off, what would you do next?
16-6
Troubleshooting Processor and Power Supply Problems Using RSLogix 500'" Software
4. Go online to the cool_2 project of your workstation. (If you did not restore and download the project from the exercise disk, do so now.) 5. Start the project by performing these actions: A. Place the processor in Remote Run Mode. B. In the SET_COaL_TIME interval of 60 minutes. C. Press START. 6. To practice clearing a fault, perform these actions: A. To produce a fault, set the watchdog timer (Scan Times tab of the S2 Data File window) to zero. B. Clear the fault. 7. To practice clearing a fault, perform these actions: A. To produce a fault: Set S: 1/11 (Mem Module tab of the S2 Data File window). Turn off the power to the chassis. If a memory module is installed in the processor, remove the memory module from the processor and then replace the processor. Turn on the power to the chassis. thumbwheel, enter a time
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
Company, Inc.
Troubleshooting Processor and Power Supply Problems Using RSLogix 500 'M Software
16-7
~!
1999 Allen-Bradley
16-8
Troubleshooting
Software
Answers
Exercise
1. A. Tab 8J
2.
A. Power supply fuse Power supply wiring terminals Power supply jumper
3.
A. Disconnect power to the power supply. Reseat the power supply and processor. Connect power to the power supply Place the processor in the Run or Remote Run mode. B. Replace processor and verify operation. If problem persists, replace chassis.
-....
Lesson
17
The "Getting Started" section of the troubleshooting guide outlines the initial actions that you should perform whenever a malfunction or failure occurs: 1. Ask the operator what happened when the failure occurred. 2. If the problem has occurred before, try the same corrective action(s). 3. Rule out as the cause or repair all apparent machine or process problem(s).
17-2
Troubleshooting
Yes
Status and Fuse Indicators Status and fuse indicators provide additional diagnostic information:
Fuse Indicator
OUTPUT OUTPUT
Status
Indicator
o
[!][ID WJ
mm
wHill OIJ[ID
4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15
1 AMP DC SOURCE
Company, Inc.
Troubleshooting
Software
17-3
Here's How
To troubleshoot discrete I/O problems: As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the 1747 SLC 500 Programmable Controllers Troubleshooting Guide.
Exercise
In this exercise, you will troubleshoot discrete I/O problems. Directions: Diagnose the following malfunction scenarios for the cool_2 project and determine the corrective actions. For each scenario: Read through the scenario. Diagnose the cause of the malfunction. Check off the appropriate corrective actions. No JSRs, MCRs, JMPs, or Forces are contributing to any problems.
~. 1999 Allen-Bradley
17-4
1. Operator reports the following: "The system is running hut only warm air is coming out. The temperature gauge indicates that the stage 1 compressor should be on, but it doesn't sound like it's running." Upon further investigation, the hardware reveals the following situation:
1746-0816
on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. to
o Check o Reseat
------
o If the problem
Troubleshooting
17-5
2. Malfunction Report: Stage 2 compressor is not turning on when supply air temperature reaches 50 C.
0
The supply air temperature is currently above 50 C, and upon further investigation, the hardware reveals the following situation:
STAGE 2 COMP
CO~~PRSSRS_EWIBLE B;:O~
'_M""~ "."'iii'!' _;;;-,
I
sUP AJR TEMP
SUPAJR TB,~P
~GEO
Grtr
-=-GRT------,
'-r--..--I
N7::8 35<
ST,~(;E_'_ COMP
~~-"~' c~~~----~
SUP_AJR_TBV\P
-,-,..-GEQ-----, Grtr Than or &jl ,.<I:"
$QtJro~
O~:O'::
B) t--..--!
STAGE_2_COMP
t----'< >'
Q:4.0rr,
-'
.A.
N7.11
A El
Nl.'O
S(lIJ("(:2
1746-0816
45'
Sl'WE_"_CQMp 040""
,-oJ
"'F=="------'
Corrective action(s):
o on the terminal o If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. o Verify field wiring to -----o Check for proper operation. o Reseat module and verify operation. o If the problem persists, replace module ---Check the power to block. -----
17-6
Troubleshooting
Software
3. Operator in zone 3 reports the following: "I press the button to open the air damper and let cool air in, but it doesn't open." According to the wire label, zone 3 damper's symbol is DAMPER_ZONE_3. At the module, its status indicator is off. Online, the ladder logic displays as follows:
flILAO 2 MAUl CtlTIU..
OH]8_l0NE.1 13 0i9 0014 ON_P9_l0IlE.2 130/11 I<EW.ZO~IE.OSR 8J 016 OIR f----1
I!IlIIjII3
ON'p8_l0IlE.3 13
om
ON_P~_:::OflE.4 130/15
flLAO
2 . MAlt. CtlTRL
flEW_ZOtiE_DPEtl EOU----,
IlIilI3
00 I~
sou
S(lurce Cl rl7 11:,
L!.LJ
3<
144JON
O",,",PER.ZONE_3 o 4.0/l?
Il<LJ
on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block.
o Check for proper operation. o Reseat module and verify operation. o If the problem persists, replace module ----
17-7
4. Malfunction Report: Stage 2 compressor is not turning off when supply air temperature drops below 45 C. Upon further investigation, the hardware reveals to following situation:
1746-0816
on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block.
o Check
17-8
Troubleshooting
Software
nm:~~tt
Preset
I:c.cum
Del.y
~N>-
l!1
.;....;!
_TOfl
-,
/------....,
fo::oN'..,
COMPRSSRS
EN"FLE
.,
;;;~~O-OUIME
Jr-"
I'------.----.---1
,-GEQ------,
..1
I-----,-----i
I----!II(~--_,_____l
STADE~I,_COMP
3D'
,--GEQ-------,
,--ORT
--,
~.--
1----,---/
STADE_Z_LOW
50'
40<
STAGE .i 2i;;1!t'l-,COMP ~
,_
illTh~~III.C"TRlj
.off""
Corrective action(s): Check the power to block. -----
.c
on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. Verify field wiring to
o o -----o Check for proper operation. o Reseat module and verify operation. o If the problem persists, replace module -----
Software
17-9
6. Operator in zone 3 reports the following: "I press the button to open the air damper and let cool air in, but it doesn't open." Upon further investigation, the hardware and software reveal the following situation:
17461816
INPl
17460816
OUTPUT
OiJrnrnB21
.rnlEli2l
(J] [j]
(J][[J(]][j] [2J[]]Wi1GAJ
-./
2 - MAIN CtlTRL NEW_ZONE_OPEI-l
EQU----, OFF _DELAY _ZONE_3 TOF----,
.[]]WiGAJ
rnUlWl
.....
../
J!l!l1il1'3
i------,--y-...,
&.iual
Source A. Sourc-:! El N7 :15
Timer
4<
nme Base
fJre:set
.eccum 80<
80~
~j7 : 1~
1(
3 ~<
OI'MPER_ZOfIE_3
T4:410N 0:4.0113
Time Base
Preset: .eccurn 80< 0<
LOfIG
ZOtjE OPE!I
-EQU----
5lual Sourc~ A
~a :16
1<
Sou",~ ~
4
4<
DftMPER_ZOUE3
T4:5IDN
~, !JJ.I
0:4.0115
1999 Allen-Bradley
17-10
Troubleshooting
..... ..
~
93:012
nOOE3
NE\JI.(_ZONE
LOliG_ZONE_OPEN
OP.tP9_Z01H~_2
1:3.0111
93:018 OS R f------i
~O'v'
source Ni": 15
4<
ON_PB_ZO'~E_3 1:3.D/13
(Jest
N7:1l'
1<
ON_PB_ZONE_ 4
13.0115
tlE'lQI_ZONE_OP EN
,AOV
41
Source Oes:!
Z 21 NT:lfo
SOlJrce
(Jest
3 3<
N7:15 4<
NE\IlI_ZONE_OPEN
OV
source [lest 4 4< N7:15 4<
ILtLJ
Corrective action( s): Check the power to block. -----
------
o If the problem
How Did You Do?
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
17-11
1999 Allen-Bradley
17-12
Troubleshooting
Software
Answers
Exercise
1. Since the compressor's output status indicator is on, the problem is most likely with the device; therefore, these steps would be appropriate: ~ Check the power to block. 0:2.1/5 on the terminal
~ If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. ~ Verify field wiring to ~ Check 0:2.1/5 0:2.1/5 for proper operation. and verify operation. replace module
----
2. Because the ladder logic is energizing STAGE_2_COMP, but the output status indicator is off, the problem is most likely related to the output module; therefore, these steps would be appropriate: Check the power to block. -----
on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block.
to
-----
3. Since the ladder logic is not energizing the zone 3 damper (0:4/13), the problem is probably input related; therefore, these steps would be appropriate: ~ Check the power to I: 1.1/3 block. -----on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. ~ Verify field wiring to I: 1.1/3 ~ Check 1:1.1/3 1 for proper operation. and verify operation.
---
~ Reseat module
:; 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
17-13
4. Since tbe output status indicator for STAGE_2_COMP is off, the problem is most likely related to the device; therefore, these steps would be appropriate: ~ Check the power to 0:2.1/6 -----block. on the terminal
~ If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. ~ Verify field wiring to ~ Check 0:2.1/6 0:2.1/6 for proper operation. and verify operation. replace module
----
5. Both compressors remain on because input conditions are causing rung continuity; therefore, these steps would be appropriate: ~ Check the power to COOL_TIME_ON block. on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. ~ Verify field wiring to COOL_TIME_DN. ~ Check COOL_TIME_DN for proper operation.
o Reseat module
6. The rung controlling the zone 3 damper is not going true because ON_PB_ZONE _4 remains on; therefore, these steps would be appropriate: ~ Check the power to 1:1.1/15 block. -----on the terminal
If this is an output module, check the field power to the module on the terminal block. ~ Verify field wiring to ~ Check 1:1.1/15 1:1.1/15. for proper operation. and verify operation. replace module
----
17-14
18
TM
Given a previously operational SLC 500 system, you will be able to troubleshoot analog I/O problems.
The "Getting Started" section of the troubleshooting guide outlines the initial actions that you should perform whenever a malfunction or failure occurs: 1. Ask the operator what happened when the failure occurred. 2. If the problem has occurred before, try the same corrective action(s). 3. Rule out as the cause or repair all apparent machine or process problem(s).
18-2
Yes ----~
Diagnostic Tests
Test analog output modules with either an ammeter or a voltmeter: Voltage Module
Voltmeter
Current Module
u
POWER
ANALOG
ern
Disconnected
Disconnected
For 1746-N04I or -N04V modules, verify the position of the power switch: External 24 VDC Power Selector
[LjJ
Backplane
Sw1
Troubleshooting
Software
18-3
tCurrent Module
Test analog input devices with either an ammeter or a voltmeter: Voltage Module
Voltmeter
_LNP\
POWER
=
OIIN O. IIINO21 ANLCOM 311N 1+ ~INI51ANLCOM 611N 2. I7IIN2SIANLCOM 91 IN 3.
Ammeter
_1Nl'
POWER
=
101IN O. IIINO21ANLCOM 3 IN I. 411N 151ANLCOM 611N2t ImIN2SIANLCOM 911N3. 10l1N3IIIANLCO~
ANALOG
ANALOG
'0
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
Disconnected
+
/
Disconnected / /
~ ~ ~
r--~=-
//
~ ~ ""
i
~ ~ '-=
'-.
=
t::...
(01 IN 0+ (11INO-
+1
~ Voltage OR Current Source
ANALOG
+ !
-I
r0l
Sensor
~'--------
o ---------
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
121 ANLCOM
131IN 1+ 4) IN 1-
I (51ANLCOM I(6)IN 2+
LmIN21(8)ANLCOM LffiiIN 3+
I (10) IN 3-
I (I1)ANLCOM
R
18-4
Here's How
To troubleshoot analog I/O problems: As your instructor demonstrates these procedures, follow along in the 1747 SLC 500 Programmable Controllers Troubleshooting Guide.
Exercise
In this exercise, you will work through several analog I/O problems for the cool_2 project that relate to the following report by an operator: "The temperature gauge does not agree with the actual air temperature and appears to be malfunctioning." The following information is provided for your reference as you complete the exercise:
Takes the value from the analog input that measures the temperature of the supplv air (1:7.0) and displays it on the supply air temperature gauge (0:7.0) as a temperture between 0 . 100 degrees C . .~Ialog supply air temperature gauge
---M 0V----------,
1--------------1
17584<
.AJ R_Ts..~P_GAG E
17594<
Troubleshooting
Software
18-5
Directions: 1. After determining that there are no obvious problems and reviewing Tabs 1 and lA, to which next two tabs would you refer?
2. At the SLC 500 chassis you find the module power LED is off and the power supply LED is on. What would you do to resolve the problem?
3. Alternately, at the SLC 500 chassis you find the module power LED is on and the data file shows the data changing. A. Which tab would you refer to next?
B. While completing the steps from that tab, you determine that the meter does not show a change that corresponds to a change in the output address. What would you do to resolve the problem?
C. If the meter referred to in Step B. does show a change that corresponds to a change in the output address, to which tab would you refer to next?
18-6
4. At the SLC 500 chassis you find both the power supply LED and the module power LED are on (Tab 6), but the data file does not show the data changing. A. Which tab would you refer to next?
Troubleshooting
18-7
B. While completing the steps from that tab, you determine that the meter does not show a change that corresponds
to a change in the output address. What would you do to resolve the problem?
C. While completing the steps from that tab, you find the module light on but the meter does not show a change that corresponds to a change in the input device. What you would do to resolve the problem?
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
18-8
Answers
Exercise
1. Tabs 3 and 6 2. Remove power from the power supplies and I/O devices for module 7. Reseat module 7. If problem persists, replace module 7.
3.
A. Tab 6A B. Shut down the system. Reseat module 7. If problem persists, replace module 7. C. Tab 6C
4.
A. Tab 7. The ladder logic takes the data from SUP _AIR_THERMSTAT, an analog temperature input, and moves it to AIR_TEMP _GAGE, the analog temperature gauge. C. Repair and or replace input device or wiring. Check cable routing. D. Tab 7A
Company, Inc.
Lesson
19
Exercise
After a routine maintenance shut-down, you are assigned to test and verify that the cool_3 project operates correctly. Additionally, engineering has provided a hard-copy markup of ladder logic changes that you must make on line once the system is up and running. As you proceed with the exercise, follow these guidelines: Correct any problems you identify. Clear any faults that may occur. To assist in determining the addresses of symbols, display the cross-reference report and sort it by symbols. Perform forcing procedures as needed. Make the recommended edits online. If required, use the backup copy of the cool_3 project, included on the exercise disk. Directions: 1. Go online to the cool_3 project of your workstation. 2. Test the operation of the cool_3 project by completing the
following checks:
A. Place the processor in Remote Run mode. B. Verify that DAMPER_ZONE_l are open (on). and DAMPER_ZONE_2
D. Press START and verify that OUT_DAMPER opens (turns on). E. Verify that TIMER_DISPLAY is incrementing. (It increments is one minute intervals.) AIR_TEMP _GAGE is calibrated so that each one VDC equals
lOe.
F. Verify that analog output AIR_TEMP _GAGE correctly registers the temperature supplied by analog input SUP AIR THERMSTAT:
19-2
When SUP _AIR_THERMSTAT is all the way to the left, AIR_TEMP _GAGE indicates zero (0 C). When SUP _AIR _THERMSTAT is all the way to the right, AIR_TEMP _GAGE indicates full scale (100 C). and
H. Verify that STAGE _1_ COMP and FAN turn off at 30 C. I. Verify that the second compressor, STAGE_2_COMP, turns on at 50 C.
and
verify the following: DAMPER_ZONE_3 DAMPER_ZONE_2 verify the following: DAMPER_ZONE_ 4 opens (turns on) DAMPER_ZONE _1 closes (turns off) opens (turns on) closes (turns off)
M. Momentarily turn on (on then off) ON _PB_ZONE _1 and verify the following: DAMPER_ZONE_l DAMPER_ZONE_3 opens (turns on) closes (turns off) and
N. Momentarily turn on (then off) ON_PB_ZONE_2 verify the following: DAMPER_ZONE_2 opens (turns on) DAMPER_ZONE_ 4 closes (turns off)
O. Verify that the following occurs when the timer times out:
To expedite the time-out, in SET_COOL _TIME, enter a value one minute greater than the current display on TIMER DISPLAY. STAGE_l_COMP off and STAGE_2_COMP, if on, turn
3. Once the system checks out according to Step 2., create a custom display that monitors the following addresses: B3:0/5 I:1.0TWl (in hexadecimal radix) N7:22 N7:23 N7:24 C5:2.PRE 4. In N7:23, enter 15.
~ 1999 Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. Rev. October 1999 r47sfip
19-3
5. In N7:24, enter 60. 6. While online in the Remote Run mode, edit the project: A. Using the following markup, edit program file 3:
Firs: Pass
S2:11\5 0000
TIMF IN CHECK
- EQU Equal Source /\
~
N7:20 21< I: 1.0 ~I<
Fro~~~DSource
I)"S\ OOI5h<
TWl
!,
1_
Source 8
7" 22
Source Dest
I: 1.0
21<
N7:20
21<
EN
-,i
I
I
T9,bl
10 60< 0<
DN -
0003
Rv,,:>
(ou"'-\-!.
(OO\\f\~
(0", fl'\c.J
"""i'lu~
IJ",I~
A~J,"ts.~ '\)tSCI"~t'\
\-~Q.+
-t~
r\,)f\t'\\,,~
l,,~~~ot
::oo\;,,~ "~I
~[\\ NI'\
+;rt'\t.
0\-
,,",o.s.
'oCLl'\
~ir'lc.
0. t)tl...)
it e.,t"c.r ~~r~Q
"Z.o~c.
O~tI\~
Ot"
19-4
Software
d'
~~ ~
CC'" '0(1\
f'\
When thumbwheel
Timer Input Check value is 15-60 minutes. enters value in system timer preset (C5:2.PRE)
'it?
"f\~
limits
(Of ~
.~~
--
Length of time cooling unit will run -MOV- Move Source Dest
f--
~\.
Test High Lim
0<
N7:22
0<1
0<
N7:24 0<1
When thumbwheel value is less than IS minutes. enters 15 minutes in system timer preset (CS:2.PRE) Test ifthumbwheel value is less than Length of time limit cooling unit will COOL TIME INPUT run ---LES---. MOV Less Than (A<B) Move Source A N7:22 Source 0< Source B N7:23 Dest 0< 15<
When thumbwheel value is greater than 60 minutes. enters 60 minutes in system timer preset (C5:2.PRE) Test ifthumbwheel value is greater Length of time than limit cooling unit will COOL TIME INPUT run ---GRT--MOV / Greater Than (A>B) Move Source A N7:22 Source N7:24 0< 0< Source B N7:24 Dest C5:2.PRE / 0< 15< ,
C. Using the custom display created in Step 3., test the edits to ensure that they perform as described in the accompanying documentation. D. If the edits perform as required, assemble the rungs. E. Enter the accompanying documentation. 7. Save the project and enter a revision note. 8. Backup the project, storing the backup in the folder identified by your instructor.
Turn to the end of the lesson for the answers. If you have any questions, ask your instructor for assistance.
f: 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
19-5
1999 Allen-Bradley
19-6
Troubleshooting
Answers
Exercise
System Timer Adjustment and Display Verifies that thumbwheel input is the same for two program scans First Pass TIME IN CHECK COOL TIME INPUT ---FRDS2:1115 -- --EQU f-----, ,Equal - -From BCD Source A N7:20 Source TW1 21< 0015h< Source B 1:1.0 Des! N7:22 21< O<!
0000
I
I
---~---
0001
I Source
Dest
~~~~e
TW1
Timer Input Check : When thumbwheel value is 15-60 minutes. enters value in system timer preset (C5:2.PRE) Test ifthumbwheel value is within limits COOL TIME INPUT -LIM~- -Limit Test Low Lim N7:23 , 0< Test N7:22 0< High Lim N7:24 0<1 Length of time cooling unit will run --MaY Move Source Dest
0002
0003
When thumbwheel value is less than 15 minutes. enters 15 minutes in system timer preset (C5:2.PRE) Test ifthumbwheel val ue is less than Length of time limit cooling unit will COOL TIME INPUT run ,-----=-LES --~ M~~OV ---I Less Than (A<B) fI Source A N7:22 I Source N7:23 0< 0< Source B N7:23 I Dest C5:2.PRE 0<1 15<
L~
!
When thumbwheel value is greater than 60 minutes. enters 60 minutes in system timer preset (C5:2.PRE) Test ifthumbwheel value is greater Length of time than limit cooling unit will COOL TIME INPUT run 0004
r- - - -
(A;s)i,
_~~OV
I,
::~~ce Dest
; 1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
r47sfip
19-7
0005
I
Adjustable Timing Relay Counts minutes that the cooling unit has been running since it either started or a new zone opened Flag enabling thermostat to control compressors COMPRSSRS ENABLE B3/5 - ~ t ----_
I
i
One minute timer CU SECONDS RTO ----, Retentive Timer On Timer T9:0 Time Base 1.0 ~ Preset 60<' Accum 0<
l-
EN
DN
ONE MINUTE UP
--
T9:01DN ---j I
Lenght of time cooling unit will run COOL TIME ----CTU Count Up Counter Preset Accum
CU C5:2
15< DN
L
0006
RES
TOD ToBCD Source Dest
CS:2.ACC 3<
LED1
OOOlh<
0007
END
1999 Allen-Bradley
Company, Inc.
r47sfip
19-8