Infectious Diseases

Cholera

WHAT IS CHOLERA ?

Just before that letz watch a video !!!!

The word cholera is from Greek: kholera from khol "bile".

Cholera is an infection in the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

SYALLABUS I. Describe the causes and symptoms of cholera. II. Explain the transmission of cholera. III. Desribe the roles of social, economical and biological factors in the prevention of cholera.

Causes
Small, comma-shaped motile bacterium called VIBRIO CHOLERAE

Bacteria multiply & release an enterotoxin called choleragen mucosal epithelium lining.

Violent inflammation of s.i. The toxin prevent the normal absorption of salt & h20

Vomiting & severe diarrhea

SYMPTOMS

An untreated person with cholera may produce 10 to 20 litres of diarrhea a day with fatal results. The diarrhea is frequently described as "rice water" in nature and may have a fishy odor.

patients skin turning a bluishgray hue from extreme loss of fluids

Abdomin al cramps

severe dehydration

Nausea

dry mucous membranes and mouth

Dry skin

Excessive thirst

Glassy or sunken eyes

Lack of tears

lethargy

Low urine output

Unusual sleepiness and tiredness

Leg cramps

 Transmission occurs primarily by drinking water or eating food that has been contaminated by the feces (waste product). Ingestion of food contaminated by dirty water, faeces, soiled hands or flies. The disease transmitted from one person to another person in over crowded and unhygienic conditions.

Transmission

 Hygiene Clean & safe water (mineral or boiled water ) Proper disposal of faeces Handling & preparation food (wash hand) Wash hand after defecation Prevent contamination from flies & other vectors Isolation of patients Carriers should be identified & prevented from working in the food industry

Prevention

Treatment
Oral intake of packs of water containing balanced mineral salts and glucose oral rehydration theraphy An intravenous drips Tetracycline or chloramphenicol ( antibiotics ) destroy the vibrious & decrease diarrhea