4

Subnetting


,


.

1.
(IP address) 32 bits.
IP

.

IP :

o IP (network ID)

(host ID)

(IP address classes)

IP :



:
class
A
B
C
D
E

IP range
1 - 126
128 - 191
192 - 223
224 - 239
240 - 255

(NIC , switch router interface):

network address, bit host ID 0 (..

172.16.0.0 host
172.16.34.45)

broadcast address, bit network ID 1 (..

172.16.255.255 broadcast 172.16.0.0)

 -
(valid
addresses).
3 IP :
* Class A: 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 (1 Class A network)
* Class B: 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 (16 Class B networks)
* Class C: 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 (256 Class C networks)
127.0.0.0
loopback.
(subnet masks)

network ID
host ID. 32 bits, bits
network ID 1 bits host ID 0.

.
.
. 192.168.1.10/24
C 24 bits 1
255.255.255.0.
(default masks) , C.

DEFAULT MASK (
)

DEFAULT MASK (
)

11111111.00000000.00000000.00
000000

255.0.0.0 /8

11111111.11111111.00000000.00
000000

255.255.0.0 /16

11111111.11111111.11111111.00
000000

255.255.255.0 /24

(subnetting)

(subnetting).
host ID
(subnets).

default bits
. network

address broadcast address

.

2x 2 =
2y 2 = hosts
A class: x+y = 24
B class: x+y = 16
C class: x+y = 8

2
1) Subnetting B class 172.16.0.0 250 hosts
2y 2 = 250 => 2y = 252 => 2y = 254 ( 2) 2y
= 28 =>y=8
x=8 172.16.0.0/24
2) Subnetting B class 172.16.0.0 10
2x 2 = 10 => 2x = 12 => 2x = 16 ( 2) 2x =24
=>x= 4
172.16.0.0/20
3) Subnetting C class 212.205.88.0 40 hosts

i) : 2y -2 = 40 => 2y = 42 => 2y = 64 (
2)
2y = 26 => y=6 x=2
212.205.88.0/26 255.255.255.192
22 - 2 = 2
ii) hosts :
256-192=64 :
212.205.88.64 network address 1
212.205.88.127 broadcast address 1
212.205.88.65 212.205.88.126

64+64=128 :
212.205.88.128 network address 2
212.205.88.191 broadcast address 2
212.205.88.129 212.205.88.190
4) Subnetting C class 210.105.5.0 4
i) : 2x 2 = 4 => 2x = 6 => 2x = 8 (
2)
2x =23 => x=3
210.105.5.0/27 255.255.255.224
: 23 2 = 6
ii) hosts :
256-224=32 :
210.105.5.32 network address 1
210.105.5.63 broadcast address 1
210.105.5.33 210.105.5.62
32+32=64 :
210.105.5.64 network address 2
210.105.5.95 broadcast address 2
210.105.5.65 210.105.5.94
32+64=96 :
210.105.5.96 network address 3
210.105.5.127 broadcast address 3
210.105.5.97 210.105.5.126
32+96=128 :
210.105.5.128 network address 4
210.105.5.159 broadcast address 4
210.105.5.129 210.105.5.158
32+128=160 :

210.105.5.160 network address 5

210.105.5.191 broadcast address 5
210.105.5.161 210.105.5.190
32+160=192 :
210.105.5.192 network address 6
210.105.5.223 broadcast address 6
210.105.5.193 210.105.5.222

Network Number Broadcast Address

.
IP 255.0.0.0,
255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 .

Network Number Broadcast
IP. 130.4.102.1
subnet mask 255.255.252.0

1. .

IP Address

13
0
25
5
2

10
2
25
2
4

Mask

Network
number
First Address 6
Broadcast
10
Last Address
14

0 255.

25
5
3
7
11
15

0
5

8
9
12 13
16 17

2. network number
255 IP address.
0 0.
:
1

IP Address
Mask
Network
number
First Address
Broadcast
Last Address

13
0
25
5
13
0
19
23
27

25
5
4

10
2
25
2
18

20
24
28

21
25
29

22
26
30

0
0

2
3. Network Number 3
subnet mask 252. .
256.
256-252=4.

IP address.
100
(4*25=100<102). .

IP Address

13
0
25
5
13
0
31
35
39

10
2
25
2
10
0
33
37
41

Mask
Network
number
First Address
Broadcast
Last Address

25
5
4
32
36
40

0
0
34
38
42

1
1 :

IP Address

13
0
25
5
13
0
13
0
43
47

10
2
25
2
10
0
10
0
45
49

Mask
Network
number
First Address
Broadcast
Last Address

25
5
4
4
44
48

0
0
1
46
50

4. broadcast address

+ network number -1 100+4-1=103
255.
brodacast
1.

IP Address
Mask
Network
number
First Address
Broadcast
Last Address

1
13
0
25
5
13
0
13
0
13
0
13
0

2
4
25
5
4
4
4
4

3
10
2
25
2
10
0
10
0
10
3
10
3

4
1
0
0
1
25
5
25
4

3
(, , ,
) routers
. 10
C 193.3.3.0
.
1.
.
2. .
3. IP routers
.
4. OSPF
( OSPF
- 2 OSPF).

5. ping .

1. http://www.jaytmedia.com/cisco/ios.html

2. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6200/index.html

3. http://www.pdf-search-engine.com/cisco-pdf-pdf.html

4. http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/76/add-a-static-route-to-a-ciscorouter/

5. Cisco

IOS

Cookbook,

2nd

Edition,

ISBN:978-0-596-52722-8, O'Reilly, 2006

6. Cisco IOS Quick Reference, Will Richards

Kevin Dooley,

Ian Brown,