ABSTRAK Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia.

Di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, ISPA merupakan penyakit yang paling banyak diderita penduduk dari tujuh penyakit utama di puskesmas dengan proportional morbidity ratio 69,4%. Untuk mengetahui faktor determinan terjadinya ISPA telah dilakukan penelitian dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol pada anak balita dengan sampel 94 kasus dan 94 kontrol. Metode analisa data dengan cara analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor determinan : status gizi kurang (p = 0,000), ASI eksklusif (p = 0,000), berat badan lahir rendah (p = 0,000), adanya asap rokok (p = 0,000), adanya asap dapur (p = 0,000), hunian yang padat (p = 0,000), status imunisasi tidak lengkap (p = 0,000), makanan tambahan dini (p = 0,000) dengan kejadian ISPA, sedangkan pemberian vitamin A tidak berhubungan dengan ISPA (p = 0,559). Hasil analisis multivariat melalui uji regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pemberian ASI eksklusif (p = 0,000; OR Adjusted = 9,7), berat badan lahir rendah (p = 0,000; OR Adjusted = 5,3), polusi asap dapur (p = 0,001; OR Adjusted = 4) dan status imunisasi tidak lengkap (p = 0,001; OR Adjusted = 4,6) terhadap kejadian ISPA sebesar 80,9%. Faktor determinan yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA pada anak balita adalah tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif dengan OR Adjusted 9,7. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka petugas kesehatan perlu menekankan pada ibu yang memiliki anak balita agar memberikan ASI eksklusif kepada bayinya hingga usia 6 bulan, menjaga kehamilan dan memperhatikan kebutuhan nutrisi selama kehamilan, memberikan imunisasi dasar bagi anaknya dengan lengkap, dan tidak membawa anak balitanya ke dapur saat memasak. Kata kunci : infeksi saluran pernapasan akut, anak balita, faktor determinan

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut - ISPA) is still a main health problem in Indonesia. In Ogan Ilir Distict, ISPA, is number one of seven leading causes of morbidity in puskesmas, where proportional morbidity ratio is 69,4%. To find out the risk factor of ISPA, a case control study design was conducted towards children under five years, with sample size of 94 cases and 94 not cases as control group. The data obtained were analyzed through univariate, bivariate (chi square test), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression test) analysis. The result of chi-square test shows that there are significant relationship between determinant factors: low nutrient status (p=0.000), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.000), born weight lower (p=0.000), smoke from smoking (p=0.000), kitchens smoke (p=0.000), density population (p.000), uncompleted immunization status (p=0.000), early feeding supplement (p=0.000), with incidents of ISPA, while the consumption of Vitamin A has no relationship at all. The result of multivariate analysis through the multiple logistic regression shows there are influence of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.000; OR Adjusted = 9.7), born weight lower (p = 0.000; OR Adjusted = 5.3), smoke from the kitchen pollution (p = 0.001; OR Adjusted = 4) and uncompleted immunization status (p = 0.001; OR Adjusted = 4.6) and the incident of ISPA for 80.9%. The most dominant factor of determinant influences the incident of ISPA in the children under five years old is not exclusive breastfeeding with OR Adjusted = 9.7. Based on the result of this study, health workers need to ensure the mothers keep exclusive breastfeeding their babies until they are six months old, provide their babies with complete basic immunization, keep their pregnancy period, ask some advice on the nutrient needed by their fetuses, and not to bring their babies to the kitchen when cooking.

Keywords: acute respiratory infection, children under five years, determinant factor

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Universitas Sumatera Utara