The following abbreviations show the relation between the ISO designation, the process abbreviations used in Europe and those used in the USA. ISO 4063 European (EA) and American (AA) abbreviations Full Process name Manual Metal Arc Welding Shielded Metal Arc Welding Flux-cored wire metal arc welding Flux-cored arc welding Submerged Arc Welding Submerged Arc Welding Gas Shielded Metal Arc Welding Gas Metal Arc Welding Metal-arc Inert Gas Welding Gas Metal Arc Welding Metal-arc Active Gas Welding Gas Metal Arc Welding Flux-cored wire metal-arc welding with active gas shield Flux-cored arc welding Flux-cored wire metal-arc welding with inert gas shield Flux-cored arc welding Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Spot Welding Resistance Spot Welding Resistance Butt Welding Upset Welding Gas Welding Oxy-fuel Gas Welding Oxy-acetylene Welding Oxy-acetylene Welding Flame Cutting Oxy-fuel Gas Cutting Flame Gouging Thermal Gouging