Bibliography Primary Sources

"A 1912 advertisement highlighting the Titanic, White Star Lines new luxury passenger ship." Gilded Age and Progressive Era Reference Library. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Rebecca Valentine. Vol. 3: Primary Source. Detroit: UXL, 2007. Gale U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2013. The advertisement given greatly helped me to understand the phenomenal expectations and anticipation for the Titanic and its journey. It also provided me with an interesting visual for my webpage section on primary sources.

"An airbrushed photograph of David Sarnoff at a telegraph; the faked picture was used by the staff at..." American Decades. Ed. Judith S. Baughman, et al. Vol. 2: 1910-1919. Detroit: Gale, 2001. U.S. History In Context. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. This photograph of David Sarnoff at the wireless station helped me see how ships delivered wireless messages at the time of the Titanic. It can be seen in my timeline, where is serves as a key visual.

"Archillo Lauro Victim's Wife Dies in New York." The Press-Courier 10 Feb. 1986: 2.Google News Archives. Google, 2013. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. This article gave an interesting quote from a maritime disaster window. The quote can be seen on my page. The article also gave good first-hand information about this disaster. It described how the wife of a modern maritime disaster victims life was changed.

Augustine of Hippo - Quotes." The European Graduate School. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2013. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This website provided only a quote about the ocean and why people continue to explore it threw danger. This quote can be seen on my cruise ships page.

"Bacteria 'munching' on Titanic: Scientists." Phys Org. Omicron Technology Limited, 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. This web article gave was used only to gather a picture of one of the people I interviewed, Henrietta Mann. The image can be seen on my interview transcripts page, where it is used as a navigational visual.

Bain, George G. British Coal Strike - Building up Reserves for Midland Railway. 1910-1915. Photograph. Bain Collection: Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 2013. Web. 27 Apr. 2013. An excellent depiction of the Coal Strike of 1912, this photograph showed coal reserves for a railway, during the strike. It can be seen in my slideshow on the coal strike page, and is used to help my viewers visualize this event.

Bain, George G. TITANIC Life Boats on Way to CARPATHIA. 1912. Photograph. Bain Collection Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 2013. Web. 13 Jan. 2012. Bain's photo print was extremely useful in allowing me to see what the Titanic life boats were like. It also provided me with an interesting visual for my webpage on turning points in safety.

Ballard, Robert. "Dr. Robert Ballard Interview." E-mail interview. 25 Apr. 2013. My interview with Dr. Robert Ballard answered specific questions about the discovery of the Titanic underwater and its effect. Dr. Ballard's interview provided information for my discovery page and can be seen on my site. This interview was one of the most useful sources of primary information because Ballard led the expedition that found Titanic.

Bedford Lemere & Co. Stern View of Lusitania on Stocks Showing the Propellers and the Launching Cradle. 19051907. Photograph. DeGolyer Library, Clydebank.Southern Methodist University: Central University Libraries . Southern Methodist University, 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2013. Used in comparison with the Titanic propeller photo on my historical context page, this photo was key in showing how Titanic beat out competitors. The photograph displays Lusitania, one of the other major ships of the times, stern and propellers.

"Biggest Liner Plunges to the Bottom at 2:20 A.m." The New York Times 16 Apr. 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2013. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. This article was very good primary source information about the Titanic's sinking and the way the media perceived this event. It can be seen in my primary sources section.

"Biggest Ocean Liner Will Be Launched Soon." The Deseret News [Salt Lake City] 19 Oct. 1910: 5. Deseret News. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. This newspaper article was extremely helpful because it showed me the anticipation of the ship s voyage and the way the Titanic was viewed before it sank. It also provided me with an interesting graphic for the primary source page.

"Big Ship Reforms Indicated by Ismay." The New York Times 1 May 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2013. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. This news article was very helpful in showing the immediate effects of the disaster on the construction of ships. Information from the article was used on my construction changes page and a quote from Ismay was also used. The article itself can be viewed on my primary source page.

Blake, William. Coal Strike Gallery. 1912. Photograph. Stoke-on-Trent Museums. Stoke-on-Trent Museums. Stoke-on-Trent, 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. Serving as the primary images on my coal strike page, Blake's photographs were a vivid and unique primary source. They showed the coal strike in a way that was absolutely necessary to my project and were a difficult find.

Blake, William. Coal Strike. 1912. Photograph. The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery. Staffordshire Past-Track. New Opportunities Fund: The Big Lottery Fund, 2003. Web. 11 May 2013. This photograph of the Coal Strike gave an excellent view of the poverty being created. It can be seen in the slideshow on my page about this topic.

Brewer, Brandon. 970610-G-6915B-003-ICE-PATROL. 1997. Photograph. United States Coast Guard Visual Information Gallery. United States Coast Guard Visual Information Gallery . U.S. Department of Homeland Security , 9 Feb. 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. Brewer's photograph provided a nice visual seen on my site and allowed me to visualize the work done by the modern International Ice Patrol. This picture also was essential to the making of my site.

Bulgac, Aurel. "Aurel Bulgac." Department of Physics: University of Washington. UW Information Technology Web Servers, 2013. Web. 28 Apr. 2013. Professor Bulgac's webpage was used only to get a Dave Barry quote on Titanic. The quotation is interesting and informative. It can be seen on my Symbolism page.

"Coal Strikes in Many Countries." Trenton True American 12 Mar. 1912: 5. Google News Archives. Google, 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. This interesting primary source article gave the US perspective of the coal strikes in 1912 especially in England. It provided a nice quote for my coal strike page showing the effect on White Star Line.

Coggan, Philip. "Extract From Paper Promises." Penguin Books. Pearson, 2013. Web. 1 Mar. 2013. Coggan's web article was used primarily to get a Mark Twain quote about the time period of the Titanic. It was only used for this primary source information, and the quote appears on my background page.

Collins, Marjory. Washington, D.C. Bicycling on Sunday in East Potomac Park, in Front of the Statue Erected to the Memory of the Victims of the Titanic Disaster. 1942. Photograph. Washington D.C. Library of Congress American Memory. Library of Congress, 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. Collin's photo was very useful as a visual and showed the Woman's Titanic Memorial as it looked where it originally stood. It is displayed on my timeline.

Colour Pictures. and Black & White Pictures. 2011. Photograph. Sexton Digital Library. Sexton Digital Library: Titanic. Dalhousie University, 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. This collection of detailed photographs showed the bacteria, rusticles, and wreck of Titanic in a never before seen way. They are the primary images seen on my bacteria page.

Conor, William. "Men of Iron" 1922. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Belfast, Ireland. National Museums of Northern Ireland. 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. Conor's painting helped to show some of the tough working conditions during the construction of the ships. Additionally, it made an excellent visual on my construction page.

"Country Facing Gigantic Strike." The Evening Independent 23 Mar. 1912: 3. Google News Archives. Google, 2013. Web. 13 May 2013. This newspaper article gave a wonderful insight to the way the world viewed the coal strike of Titanic's time. It was descriptive and interesting, and can be seen in the slideshow on my coal strike page.

Daugherty, James. "Women and Children First" N.d. Associated Press Images.Associated Press Images. The Associated Press, 2013. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. Daugherty's picture was extremely helpful in providing a visual for my page and showing me the panic of leaving the ship. This image helped relay the feeling of terror the passengers each had, and can be seen in my timeline.

"Destruction of The Packet-Ship Ocean Monarch By Fire." Christian Visitor [Saint John] 13 Sept. 1848: 4. Google News Archives. Google, 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. This newspaper article gave a detailed amount of insight about a ship sinking before Titanic's time. In addition, it provided me with a quote used on my previous shipwreck page, and can be seen on mu primary source documents page.

Doubilet, David. Pacific Shipwrecks Potentially Toxic Time Bombs. 2008. Photograph. National Geographic Society. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society, 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2013. Doubliet's photo showed an interesting shipwreck covered corroding and gaining organisms. This was extremely helpful for my bacteria page because it was a very unique and stunning graphic.

Edison Concert Band. "Nearer My God to Thee." Rec. 1904. Nearer My God To Thee. 1904. Internet Archive. American Library Association, 2013. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. The Edison Concert band's recording of "Nearer my God to Thee" was incredibly helpful because it allowed me to hear and display the depressing song the band played as the ship sank. It plays on my homepage.

"Fate of The Camorta." Poverty Bay Herald [Gisborne] 17 July 1902: 3. Paperspast. National Library of New Zealand, 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. A short but informative article, this newspaper piece gave a summary of the sinking of the Camorta, a vessel before Titanic's time. Its information was very helpful to my previous shipwreck page.

"FOR WIRELESS SHIFT AND MORE LIFEBOATS; Bill That Makes Great Changes in the Navigation Laws Goes to the House." The New York Times 1 May 1912: 7.The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2013. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. This article gave good primary information about the changes directly after the sinking to ship and wireless safety. It was really useful in showing how it was a turning point, and part of the article can be seen on my regulations page.

"A group of survivors of the Titanic wait in their lifeboat for the rescue ship Carpathia." Gilded Age and Progressive Era Reference Library. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Rebecca Valentine. Vol. 3: Primary Source. Detroit: UXL, 2007. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2013. Used as a visual on my home page, this photograph was especially helpful in showing me what conditions were like on lifeboats after the ship sank. They look very different from lifeboats today.

Harley, Lannon. Bob Brown's Life Jacket. N.d. Photograph. National Museum Australia. National Museum Australia. Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport, 2013. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Harley's photo nicely displayed a life jacket from more recent years. This is useful for my page on turning point because it allowed me to show how life jackets changed overtime to prevent sea disasters like the Titanic.

"Iceberg Frequency in April." Chart. National Geographic Education Beta. National Geographic Society, 2013. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. This chart showed the number of icebergs observed in years leading up to modern day. It was especially helpful for my turning point page, where it is visible, because it showed the Titanic sank in a peak iceberg year.

"An illustration showing the Titanic hitting a giant iceberg on April 14, 1912, which led to its..." Gilded Age and Progressive Era Reference Library. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Rebecca Valentine. Vol. 3: Primary Source. Detroit: UXL, 2007. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013. This illustration was a very nice visual for my timeline. Additionally, it helped me see what people assumed the iceberg that sunk the ship looked like.

The International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea. Proc. of The International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea, England, London. London, 1914.International Maritime Organization. International Maritime Organization, 2013. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. This convention proceeding document gave the complete list of all the articles and issues addressed at the first Safety of Life at Sea convention. It was hugely valuable to my turning point page where it can be seen.

"Ismay Tells Senate Committee Titanic Was Not Seeking Speed Record and Testifies to General Ignorance of Details of Disaster." The Washington Times 19 Apr. 1912, Last ed.: 1. National Endowment for the Humanities. Library of Congress, 2013. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. This news article provided me with knowledge about the ways White Star Liners and Joseph Ismay were trying to make the sinking seem less bad. It also provided me with a visual for my timeline page.

Jayson, Michael. "Billionaire Wants to Create a New Titanic Ship for 2016." Pop Goes The Week. Ed. Brian Balthazar. Brian Balthazer, 5 Jan. 2012. Web. 25 Apr. 2013. This article is cited as a primary source because it was only used to provide an image and quote about the construction of Titanic II. These things can be seen on my symbolism page.

Jennings, Ashley. "Titanic II Interior Plans Revealed." ABC News. ABC News Network, 2013. Web. 13 May 2013. Jennings article was used solely to collect gorgeous illustrations of the new Titanic II. These photos show detailed interior plans for the new ship and can be seen on my timeline slideshow.

Kipling, Rudyard. "Letter to The Editor." Letter to H.A.Gwynne. 16 Mar. 1912. Morning Post. London: n.p., 1912. N. pag. The Kipling Society. The Kipling Society, 2013. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. Though I was not able to view the entire letter, what I was able to read of Kipling's note was extremely useful and intriguing. This quote is seen on my page and shows one view of the 1912 coal strike in a poetic way.

Kristof, Emory. Dr. Ballard and His Crew Celebrate a Successful Mission, Exploring the Wreck of the Titanic. and Every detail counts: Robert Ballard and his team study the floor plan of the sunken Titanic. 1985. Photograph. National Geographic Society. Academy of Achievement: A Museum of Living History . American Academy of Achievement, 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. Kristof's photos showed Robert Ballard and his team after finding the ship underwater. One was useful in expressing their excitement and joy about this discovery for my page on this topic. It shows the entire team. The other image can be seen on my interview transcript page. It shows Ballard looking over a floor plan of the Titanic.

Kristof, Emory. Photo Gallery: Discovering the Titanic. N.d. Photograph. National Geographic: The Ocean. National Geographic: The Ocean. National Geographic Society, 2013. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. This photo gallery gave me a wide array of pictures for the discovery section on my page, and gave an incredible selection of primary source information. The pictures show the Titanic in its underwater resting place.

"Latest News from the Sinking Ship." The New York Times 15 Apr. 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. This article gave me a good idea of the amount of panic around the disastrous sinking. Also it helped to show the ways information was being distributed. It can be read on my primary source page, where it serves as an essential information provider.

"LORD PIRRIE DIES ON SHIP BOUND HERE; Head of Harland & Wolff, Shipbuilders, Stricken With Pneumonia." New York Times 9 June 1924: n. pag. The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. This primary source obituary described the life of Lord Pirrie, one of the ship's most influential men. A quote from it is visible on my page on creators.

Mack, L. K. Report of the International Ice Patrol In the North Atlantic . Rep. no. 97 CG-188-66. N.p.: n.p., 2011. Navigation Center. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2013. Web. 9 Mar. 2013. Mack's ice patrol report was an interesting visual for my ice patrol page. It showed the work of the International Ice Patrol in modern day and was very valuable to my project.

Mann, Henrietta, Bhavleen Kaur, Matthew Cole, Antonio Ventosa, and Cristina Snchez-Porro. "New Bacterium Species Discovered on RMS Titanic Rusticles." United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. The United Nations, 14 Dec. 2011. Web. 11 May 2013. This hugely valuable website article analyzed the findings of bacterial species on the Titanic's remains. A quote from the article can be seen on my bacteria page. It is considered a primary source because it was written by the first examiners of the species of bacteria.

Mann, Henrietta. "Interview: Dr. Henrietta Mann." E-mail interview. 28 Apr. 2013. My interview with Dr. Mann was essential in gathering information for my bacteria page. Dr. Mann's answers were interesting and informative in teaching me about the bacteria. A transcript of this interview has a page on my site. She was a unique informative source because she helped discover the bacteria on Titanic.

"May Total 1000." Ottawa Citizen 22 June 1904: 7. Ottawa Citizen. Post Media Network Inc., 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. This news article gave a tragic account from one of the worst American shipwrecks. Its information was helpful to my previous shipwreck page where it is displayed.

Moreland, Arthur. "On Either Side of the Atlantic." Cartoon. Itch: International Team of Comic Historians. Doug Wheeler, 18 Apr. 2012. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. One of my favorite visuals, Moreland's political cartoon gives one side of the coal strike in a humorous and creative manor. This image can be seen in the slideshow on my coal strike page.

"Mr. Bruce Ismay - An Anonymous Tribute." The Times [London] 23 Aug. 1937: n. pag.Encylcopedia Titanicae. Stanley C. Jenkins, 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. It was quite interesting to read this newspaper obituary tribute to Joseph Bruce Ismay who survived and built Titanic. A quote from the article can be seen on my creators page.

NG Live! Titanic's Graveyard. Perf. Dr. Robert Ballard. National Geographic Education Beta. National Geographic Society, 2013. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Dr. Robert Ballard's video with National Geographic provided excellent information from the man who found the ship. It was an excellent piece of multi-media for my discovery page.

Nichols, Francis H. "Children of The Coal Shadow." McClure's Magazine Winter 1902-1903: 435-44. University of Minnesota Law Library. Westlaw, 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. Though it wasn't from the coal strike I mentioned, this article provided me with a striking visual showing coal work in general. I thought it would be an excellent addition to my 1912 coal strike page.

OLYMPIC and TITANIC - View of Bows [in Shipyard Construction Scaffolding . 1909. Photograph. Bain Collection Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington. Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 2012. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. This photograph, visible on my site, was very helpful in showing me the way the Titanic and Olympic were constructed and the long process of building the ships. It can be seen on my construction page.

"Photograph of Mr. Bruce Ismay, Full Face, Length, Standing, Both Hands in Trousers Pockets." 1912. Photograph. The National Archives, Kew. By Stanislas Julian. Joseph Bruce Ismay's portrait helped me to visualize one of the men that was key in the construction of the Titanic, and was a very helpful visual. It is displayed on my timeline.

Pirrie of Belfast, William James Pirrie, Viscount. 1922. Photograph. BBC Hulton Picture Library. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc, 2013. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. William Pirrie's photograph allowed me to see one of the men who designed the Titanic. It also was an interesting visual for my webpage timeline.

Poster for the Cunard Line Monarchs of the Sea Steamships Lusitania and Mauretania, Dark Exposure . 1907. Photograph. Photographs from the Chicago Daily News Library of Congress, Washington D.C. American Memory Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 2013. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. This advertisement photograph for a Cunard Liner, Lusitania helped me see the Titanic's competition, and what ships were like in the time period. It was a very good illustration for my background page which talks about the time period.

"Reclaiming The Titanic Story for Belfast." The Belfast Titanic Society. ITS News Media, 2013. Web. 14 May 2013. The Belfast Titanic Society's webpage provided me with a quote for my symbolism page and no other information. This is why it is cited as a primary source.

Robertson, D. H. "A Narrative of the Coal Strike." The Economic Journal 22.87 (1912): 365-87. JSTOR. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. Most difficult to locate, this primary source journal article gave a detailed analysis of the coal strike and was very interesting. Information from this was used in making my coal strike page, and a quote from the article is also on my page.

"Safety of Life at Sea." The Age [Melbourne, Victoria] 9 Oct. 1912: 6. The Age. Fairfax Media, 2013. Web. 13 Jan. 2012. This newspaper article gave great firsthand information about the regulations that would come out of the ships destruction. Additionally, it provided me with a quote about the regulations made after the ship sank. It is visible on my primary source page.

"Sea marshals board a cruise ship in Alaska. Prohibitive costs prevent marshals from boarding all..." Defending the Borders: The Role of Border and Immigration Control. Ed. Gail B. Stewart. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2004. Lucent Library of Homeland Security. U.S. History In Context. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This picture showed sea marshals boarding a cruise in Alaska. It was an excellent picture for my cruise ship page which talks about why people would want to board a cruise.

"Ship Fire Newsreel." The Montreal Gazette 11 Sept. 1912: 10. The Gazette. Postmedia Network Inc, 2013. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. This article helped provide excellent primary source information about the sinking of another great ship. A quote can be seen from this article on my maritime disasters page.

Side View of Titanic's Engines. 1911. Photograph. Museums of Northern Ireland, Belfast. Museums of Northern Ireland. 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. The photograph of the engines was especially helpful in showing me the way the ship technologically looked and providing me with a visual for my construction page. The visual helped me understand how engines have changed since the ship sank.

The Sinking of the Kapunda." The New York Times 1 Mar. 1887: n. pag. The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2013. Web. 4 May 2013. The article gave a brief account of the sinking of the Kapunda and helped me visualize this tragedy. It can be seen in the slideshow on my previous shipwrecks page.

"Sinking of the Titanic." Cartoons Magazine May 1912: n. pag. Itch: International Team of Comic Historians. Doug Wheeler, 14 Apr. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. This magazine article with pictures of Titanic political cartoons was an essential primary source used in making my site. One of the pictures was the ideal image for my turning point page.

Titanic and Survivors- Genuine 1912 Footage. Perf. Captain Edward Smith. Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution, 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. Smithsonian's video from 1912 was a rare and extremely useful source. It showed actual footage from the ship. A portion of this footage is displayed on my page about the ship.

"The Titanic Has Sunk." Gale U.S. History in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2012. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2013. This picture was extremely helpful because it displays the immediate effects of the Titanics wreckage on America. The picture shows that everyone was out spreading news of the tragedy, and is displayed on my homepage.

"Titanic in Collision with Iceberg - No Loss of Life ... Over 2,000 Souls on Board." Belfast Telegraph 15 Apr. 1912: n. pag. Belfast Telegraph. Independent News and Media PLC, 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2013 This primary source newspaper article transcript gave detailed information about what people thought was happening with the ship. This was helpful for my media page. It also provided me with a ton of pictures on many of my pages. Though it is a web site, it is cited as a primary source because it had an old newspaper transcript and primary source images only.

"Titanic Nearly in One Piece." Calgary Herald [Calgary] 4 Sept. 1985: B4. The Calgary Herald. Canada.com, 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. The Calgary Herald's article was useful in giving primary source information about finding the Titanic's remains. It also made a good visual on my primary source page, and provided me with a very useful quote.

"The Titanic Sails To-Day"" The New York Times 10 Apr. 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2013. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. This article was quite useful in showing the anticipation for the Titanic and the way people viewed it before the disaster occurred. The primary source info it gave was essential to my project.

"The Titanic Sinks; Loss of Life Heavy." Gettysburg Times 16 Apr. 1912: 2.GettysburgTimes.com. TownNews.com, 2013. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. "The Titanic Sinks; Loss of Life Heavy" supplied me with a lot of useful information about the way the sinking of the Titanic was seen by people in the time period. My media effect page uses a picture of this article.

Titanic Sunk." Daily Mail 16 Apr. 1912: n. pag. Mail Online. Associated Newspapers Ltd, 13 Apr. 2012. Web. 12 May 2013. Used as a visual on my primary source page, this article shows the immediate aftermath of the sinking in unique 1st hand text. It also provided a map showing where Titanic sank in relation to other boats. This map is also visible on my primary source page

"Titanic Wreck Found, Searchers Claim." The Milwaukee Journal 1 Sept. 1985: 153. JS Online Journal Sentinel. Journal Interactive, 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. This journal article provided exceptional first hand information about the discovery of the Titanic, including a quote from Robert Ballard. It can be seen on my primary source page and was exceptionally descriptive about the finding of the ship.

"The Titanic's Musicians." The New York Times 22 Apr. 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. New York Times Company, 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. This article was very useful in telling me about what happened to the musicians on the night of the sinking. It was good primary source information.

"Titanic's Steel Plates Cast Its Fate." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 16 Sept. 1993: 3. Post-gazette.com. PG Publishing Co, 2013. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. This news article was greatly necessary because it provided both quotes and primary information from when it was found that steel effected the ship's sinking

"To Safeguard Life At Sea." Boston Evening Transcript 21 Jan. 1914: 6. Google News Archives. Google, 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. This news article gave a detailed analysis of the new regulations created from the first SOLAS convention, and was greatly detailed. The information was used to help me see how the Titanic changed history, and clippings from the article appear on my primary source page.

Walters, Samuel. The Queen of the Ocean Going to the Rescue of the Ocean Monarch . 1848. CIGNA Museum and Art Collection, Philadelphia, PA. Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Smithsonian Institution, 2013. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. Walter's painting was a very nice visual of maritime disasters before the Titanic. It can be viewed on my previous shipwrecks page.

Wheeler, Everett P. "International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea." The American Journal of International Law 8.4 (1914): 758-68. JSTOR. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. Wheeler's article gave an interesting supply of information about the Safety of Life at Sea convention. I used this as a key basis for my turning point page, and took a quote from the article.

White Star Orchestra. "Songe D'Automne." Rec. 21 Dec. 2005. Titanic: Music as Heard on the Fateful Voyage. Ian Whitcomb, 2005. Top 100s Radio. Hewlett Packard Company, 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. White Star Orchestra's performance of this song helped set the mood for my conclusion page where it can be heard. This recording of one of the last songs played by the Titanic band gave me a great understanding of the sounds that could be heard as the ship went down.

Wickes Hine, Louis. "Carrying-in" Boy in Alexandria Glass Factory, Alexandria. 1911. Photograph. Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Digital History. Library of Congress, 2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Louis's child labor photograph was an excellent visual to display the Progressive Era. It can be seen on the top of my Historical Context page. It shows a boy working during this time period in a factory.

"The World's Largest Vessel, the Titanic, Now Being Built." The Daytona Daily News 8 Jan. 1910: 1. Library of Congress: National Endowment for the Humanities. Library of Congress , 2013. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. This news article helped me see how people viewed the Titanic's construction. Additionally, it gave primary source information on anticipation.

"Window to the Sea." University of New England. University of New England, 2013. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. This website was used only to get a quote from JFK about the sea. This quote appears on my cruise ship page, and describes why people will always be willing to go in the ocean.

Wreath Laying over At-sea Titanic Memorial. Dir. Bob Laura. United States Coast Guard: Visual Information Gallery . U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 15 Apr. 2011. Web. 13 May 2013. This Titanic memorial video provided by the U.S. Coast Guard gave me a more significant understanding of the ways Titanic is honored today. The video is displayed at the bottom of my symbolism page where it shows two people dropping memorial wreaths.

Secondary Sources
Associated Press. "Cruise Ship Goes Down off Antarctica." NBC News. Charles W. Tillinghast, 24 Nov. 2007. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This website gave primary source account of the MS Explorer disaster. A quote form it can be seen in my maritime disasters timeline

Abbott, Kate. "The Titanic Discovery." Time U.S. Time Inc., 1 Sept. 2010. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. Abbott's webpage article helped provide me with secondary source information about how the Titanic was located and a picture of the discovery of the Titanic. Also, it gave me a quote.

"ABOUT INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL (IIP).", HISTORY OF THE IIP., INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL OCEANOGRAPHY. and SEEK AND DESTROY. Navigation Center. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. This government website helped inform me about the international ice patrol, and its current work. This information was extremely helpful in showing how the Titanic was a turning point in history. It also provided pictures of the patrol and a quote that were very valuable to my page.

Alleyne, Richard. "Titanic Sunk by Steering Blunder, New Book Claims." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. This article, though primarily used to gain my main homepage visual, provided detailed information about a steering blunder that affected the sinking. The picture from the page of the ship going down can be seen on my homepage.

Bassett, Vicki. "Causes and Effects of the Rapid Sinking of the Titanic." Undergraduate Engineering Review. Penn State, Nov. 98. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Bassett's webpage was a nice basis of information for construction changes made because of Titanic, including the double bulkhead and steel changes. It was very insightful and was used for my construction change page.

Battles, James B. "Disaster Prevention: Lessons Learned From the Titanic." Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 14.2 (2001): 150-53. PMC: U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health, 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Battles' journal article gave a nice quote and also provided a wonderful selection of secondary information about the events following the sinking and the changes made. It was used for my turning point pages.

Bender, Dan. "How the Sinking of the Titanic Changed the World." Coast Guard Compass: Official Blog of the US Coast Guard. Department of Homeland Security, 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. This webpage article was extremely useful in giving me information regarding departments and safety measures created because of the Titanic's sinking. Also, it gave me a nice picture and a video discussing the Titanic's effects.

"Bulkhead Plan." National Museums of Northern Ireland. National Museums of Northern Ireland., 2013. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. This brief article about the ship's bulkheads was especially useful in providing me with a visual of the bulkhead plan, used on my site for construction. It gave me some nice secondary source information about this part of the ship.

Butler, Daniel Allen. Unsinkable: The Full Story of the RMS Titanic. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 1998. Print. Butler's book gave me a complete guide to the Titanic and was one of the most useful providers of both information and quotes. The book described, in depth, the construction and sinking of the ship, serving as a helpful guide to all background knowledge and facts.

Cath. "Why The Titanic Fractured: Clues From The Ship's Hull." Basal Science Clarified. WordPress, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. This article, though it only provided basic information, was helpful for my construction changes about steel. It provided a key visual of the ship's broken steel.

"Cruise Ship Safety: Timeline of Disasters and Safety Regulations." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited, 2013. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This page was extremely helpful in allowing me to see maritime disasters after Titanic and safety changes made as a result. It was an informational background for my maritime disasters page.

Christenson, Erin, and John Luzader. "From Sea to Air to Space: A Century of Iceberg Tracking Technology." The Coast Guard Journal of Safety and Security at Sea69.2 (2012): 17-22. United States Coast Guard. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2013. Web. 13 Apr. 2013. This journal article gave detailed information about the ways ice patrol stops bergs. It was extremely useful to my site, and two of its photos appear on my ice patrol page.

Delaney, Tim, comp. Mystic Aquarium: Titanic-12,450 Feet Below. N.d. Aquarium exhibit with historical information and facts. Mystic Aquarium, Mystic CT. This museum exhibit helped me to visualize many of the things happening on the boat and gave me lots of secondary source information about the discovery of the ship underwater. Additionally, it provided me with a picture of the ship and quote from the man who found the Titanic.

Engle, Eloise, and Arnold S. Lott. "Ice Patrol." America's Maritime Heritage. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute, 1975. 240-42. Print. Engle and Lott's book gave useful information about how the Titanic caused the formation of many safety departments. It gave very general information that was a good basis on how the ship changed the world.

Felkins, Katherine, H. P. Leighly, and A. Jankovic. "The Royal Mail Ship Titanic: Did a Metallurgical Failure Cause a Night to Remember?" JOM 50.1 (1998): 12-18. TMS: The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society. James J. Robinson, 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. The sited journal article provided microscope images of the steel used in Titanic and also gave a unique supply of facts about why this steel failed and changes in modern ships. It was incredibly useful to my construction changes page, where the microscope images can be seen.

Gavin, Alison, and Christopher Zarr. "They Said It Couldn't Sink NARA Records Detail Losses, Investigation of Titanic's Demise." Prologue Magazine Spring 2012: Library of Congres. pag. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 04 Feb. 2013. Gavin and Zarr's article provided several primary source pictures and also gave me a wide array of information about the ship's sinking and court trials that followed. Additionally, it provided a few quotes that were perfect for my pages.

Genee, Jama. "Why the Titanic and Contra Concordia Sank." HubPages. HupPages Inc., 28 June 2012. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Though the information on this site wasn't all used, it provided an excellent visual of a diorama of the ship. This can be seen in my homepage slideshow.

Hallet, Emma. "Man Responsible for Making Titanic Seaworthy Had Request for 50% More Lifeboats Knocked Back, New Documents Reveal." The Independent. Independent Print Limited, 20 Nov. 2012. Web. 6 Mar. 2013. Hallet's article gave outstanding quality facts about the inspector of the Titanic. Two pictures from the article can be seen in my pages, and it was incredibly useful for my timeline.

Havern, Christopher B. "The Short Life and Tragic End of RMS Titanic." The Coast Guard Journal of Safety and Security at Sea 69.2 (2012): 6-12. United States Coast Guard. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2013. Web. 13 Apr. 2013. Havern's journal addition summarized the tragic events surrounding the Titanic's sinking. A chart from his article appears on my sinking page where it conveys essential information regarding survival statistics.

Heinz, Kurt J. "If the Titanic Sank Today." The Coast Guard Journal of Safety and Security at Sea 69.2 (2012): 4244. United States Coast Guard. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. This journal article helped me to form conclusion about the differences in safety between now and Titanic's time. A quote from the article can be seen on my conclusion page. The article described safety corrections that couyld have been made on a modern Titanic.

"How the Titanic Tragedy Reshaped the Fishing Industry." Web log post. Food and Think Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution, 13 Apr. 2012. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. This article was extremely helpful in providing information on how the Titanic changed the world of fishing and was a turning point in marine travel. Information found was in depth and extremely helpful. There was also a quote.

Hutching, Gerard. "Perils of the Sea:19th Century." Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. Hutching's web article gave descriptions of many New Zealand shipwrecks. Two of these can be seen on my previous shipwreck page with info and images from this article.

"International Ice Patrol." U. S. Coast Guard History. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 26 Jan. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This source provided a very unique and accurate array of reliable information about the International Ice Patrol. It was used as an informational basis for my page on this topic.

James Cameron's Titanic Explorer:The Coal Strike. Dir. James Cameron. The White Star Line and Unsinkable Titanic. Joshua Allen Milford, 2013. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. Another wonderful find from James Cameron, this video, talked about the coal strikes direct effect on Titanic. It was especially important to my coal strike page. Only the audio can be heard on my page because the image with the video were very unclear and had bad resolution.

Kaufman, Rachel. "New Bacteria Found on Titanic; Eats Metal." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 10 Dec. 2010. Web. 17 Apr. 2013. Kaufman's article provided a very general and basic amount of information about the new bacteria found on Titanic. Additionally, it gave me a very nice visual of the rusticles on the ship for my bacteria page, and a quote from Bhavleen Kaur, who studied and isolated the bacteria.

Martin, Tim. "Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?" Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution., Mar. 2012. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. Martin's article was highly helpful in providing me with detailed information about one factor that played a huge role in the ship's sinking and gave some excellent visuals. This gave me new facts about potential ways the ship sunk.

Murphy, Donald L., and Jacob L. Cass. "International Ice Patrol: For the Purpose of Safeguarding Life and Property at Sea." Navigation Center. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2013. This web article gave an excellent variety of history of the International Ice Patrol. It included both pictures and information for my page on this topic. The article was a detailed and accurate analysis, and a quote from it can be seen on my page about previous shipwrecks.

"News and Media." Blue Star Line. Blue Star Line Pty, 2012. Web. 06 Feb. 2013. Blue Star Line's website gave an interesting array of primary source pictures, quotes and info about Titanic II. This was especially helpful for my timeline page.

"New Species of Rust-eating Bacteria Destroying Titanic." NBC News. MSN, 6 Dec. 2012. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. Through a nicely written news article, NBC informed me greatly about the bacteria species that is consuming Titanic. A quote found in this article is displayed on my page.

Nicholas, Anthony. "A Fateful Inheritance: The Effect of the Titanic Disaster on Modern Travel." American Daily Herald. Anthony Nicholas, 20 Apr. 2012. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Anthony Nicholas's webpage article was extremely helpful in providing secondary source information about how the Titanic changed the travel world and the theme of turning points. It also gave an interesting graphic.

Nickerson, J. "The Titanic Memorial: A History." SW DC Heritage Titanic 100. The Southwest Neighborhood Assembly, Inc, 2012. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. Nickerson's web article was very helpful in giving me information about the ways people grieved the Titanic's loss and provided me with several primary source images for my site. This was included on my timeline page.

"Ocean Crossings: Comfort, Courtesy, Safety and Speed." and Maritime Nation: Shipwrecks. Smithsonian: On the Water. Smithsonian Institution, 2013. Web. 13 May 2013. These two articles from Smithsonian provided difficult to locate information about Titanic's competitors and other ship's that sank. Pictures and a quote from these two pages can be seen on several of my context web pages and on my previous shipwrecks page.

"Passenger Ship Accidents Since 1900." Hartford Courant. Richard J. Graziano, 2013. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This page not only provided information about disasters in the maritime world but gave me many interesting visuals for my maritime disasters page. These were crucial to my site.

"Radio Act of 1912 Law & Legal Definition." US Legal. US Legal Inc., 2013. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This website gave a brief definition and history of the Radio Act of 1912. Information from this appears on my page, and it was very helpful.

Rodrigue, Jean-Paul, and Theo Notteboom. "The Cruise Industry." The Geography of Transport Systems. Dept. of Global Studies and Geography, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This web article gave the most valuable and large amount of information for my cruise ship page, and was essential to my site.

Rossignol, Ken. Titanic 1912: A 21st Century Reporter's Look Back at the Original News Coverage of the 20th Century's First Major Disaster. [S.l.]: Privateer Clause, 2012. Print. Rossignol's book was extremely helpful in telling me about the effect of the Titanic's destruction on media and the way this has changed. It also provided me with useful newspaper article images that can be seen on my page, and several photographs.

"Scotland's Titanic." BBC Radio Scotland. BBC, 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. This web article included a BBC podcast (which I was unable to view), a wonderful image, and some brief information about the sinking of the SS Norge. This was incredibly helpful to my previous shipwrecks page because this ship is considered the Titanic of Scotland.

The Ship That Belfast Built. A Night of Exploration: National Geographic . National Geographic Society, 2013. Web. 13 May 2013. This video showed an expert from the Belfast Titanic Society showing the pride the city has in the creation of the ship. It is shown on my site.

Sniderman, Debbie. "The Greatest Maritime Disaster in U.S. History." The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Mar. 2011. Web. 14 May 2013. Sniderman's web article explained the sinking of one of the deadliest ship's in all of American history, the SS Sultana. It was truly helpful because it provided a colorful picture and information that can be seen on my previous shipwrecks page.

"A Spectacle of Horror The Burning of the General Slocum Comments." Smithsonian: Past Imperfect. Smithsonian Institution, 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 14 May 2013. The Smithsonian's article about the burning of the General Slocum gave an in depth analysis of a maritime tragedy before Titanic. Information and an image from this article can be seen on my previous shipwrecks page.

"The Story of Joseph Bruce Ismay Chairman of White Star Line, First Class Passenger, Titanic." The National Archives. Library of Congress, 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. This website article was helpful in providing secondary source information about Bruce Ismay, a man known as one the ships biggest cowards. His story allowed me to visualize the kind of man that built the ship.

Suddath, Claire. "Revealing the Titanic's Secrets." Time Entertainment. Time Inc., 1 Oct. 2008. Web. 1 Mar. 2013. This web article provided transcripts from an interview with two Titanic underwater divers, and gave secondary source information about when the ship was discovered. Both a quote and information from this page appear on my discovery page.

Sullivan, Christopher. "Titanic Was a Turning Point in Global News Coverage." The Tribune-Democrat [Johnston PA] 15 Apr. 2012: n. pag. The Tribune-Democrat. The Tribune Democrat, 15 Apr. 2012. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. This newspaper article was extremely useful in teaching me about how my topic fit in with the theme of turning points. It showed me how the sinking of the Titanic was not only influential to travel, but was also one of the first major international new stories. Also, it gave me several interesting quotes.

"Thomas Andrews." BBC History. BBC, 2013. Web. 19 Apr. 2013. This article on Thomas Andrews, the ship's naval architect, gave a wealth of secondary source information about this interesting man and his life. This information and a video were used on my page on the ship's creators. The video was especially helpful because it was a unique piece of multi-media.

Titanic 100 - New CGI of How the Titanic Sunk. Dir. James Cameron. Perf. James Cameron. National Geographic, 2012. DVD. The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. Camerons video was incredibly helpful in showing me how the Titanic sank after it hit the iceberg. It gave visuals on which parts of the ship flooded first and was excellent information.

"Titanic: Aboard the Ship." The History Channel. A&E Television Networks. 2013. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. This webpage provided me with some brief secondary sources information and an excellent primary source photo gallery. Many of these photos can be seen in various places on my site.

"Titanic: Building the Largest Moving Object in History." Ultimate Titanic. Http://www.techzoo.com.au/, 2012. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. This website was extremely helpful in giving general information about the Titanic's construction, as well as several quotes and pictures. It served as a basis for my construction page and gave background facts and ideas.

"Titanic: How the News Covered It: Photos." Discovery Channel News. Discovery Communications, 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2013. This web article gave detailed information and quotes about the sinking and how the news covered it. Most importantly, I used the amazing images it provided on several of my pages including my homepage.

"Titanic Quotes." Echoes of The Titanic Disaster An Irish Tribute WebTitanic . Ed. Karl Metelko. Karl Metelko, 11 Nov. 2010. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Metelko's web article was especially useful because it provided me with many quotes from different experts and survivors about the Titanic. Many of these quotes can be seen on my pages.

"'Unsinkable' Boats Possible? Titanic Scholar Talks Design." Huffington Post. HPMG News, 3 Apr. 2012. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. This article was used to provide a strong basis of information about the construction changes made after the Titanic based on the problems it faced. The article provided an interview with a Titanic scholar that was both interesting and insightful. A quote from the interview is on my construction changes page.

The "Unsinkable" Ship." RMS Titanic Remembered. WordPress, 2013. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. This web article primarily provided me with information about the Titanic's bulkheads and design that was used on my Construction Changes page. It also gave a picture of the bulkheads on a blue print and an image of their dividing door.

What Are Double Hulls for Ships?" Marine Insight. Marine Insight, 5 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. This website was taught me about the ways hulls changed and the problems with Titanic's hull. It provided in depth information about the double hull and a visual, used on one of my pages.

"WWII Wrecks." Sea Australia. Sea Australia, 2013. Web. 10 May 2013. This short article provided an excellent amount of information on the number of WWII shipwrecks in the oceans. This helped me to understand that there are a lot of other vessels underwater like Titanic though it cannot be conceived how many. An image from this page, mapping all the WWII shipwrecks can be seen on my bacteria page.