Chapter 13 : Transformers

250 kVA
250 kVA
N
415
22.7A; I 2
602 A; N1 2 2121; m
23.4mWb
11 kV
415 V
K
4.44 50 80

1.

I1

2.

3.

(a) K 400 / 80 5; E2 5 240 1200V; (b) Bm

4.

a N1

5.

(a) I1

6.

I2

7.

0 cos1 0.4 66.42, 2 cos1 0.8 36.87 ; I1' (1/ 2) 50 25 A; 66.42 36.87 29.55

6400
0.06 Wb; E2 4.44 50 20 0.06 266.4 V
4.44 50 480
m
240

0.675T
A 4.44 50 80 200 104

V1
2000
10 kVA
10 kVA
N2
60 500;(b) I1
5 A, I 2
41.67 A
V2
240
2000 V
240 V

200000
200000
240
3300
60.6 A; I 2
833.33 A;(b) m
0.0135 Wb;(c) N1 80
1100
3300
240
4.44 50 80
240

50000
240
240
208.33 A; Z
1.152; m
0.047 Wb
240
208.33
4.44 50 23

I1 I 02 I1'2 2I 0 I1' cos 29.55 25.9 A

8.

230
0.01036
400
(a) E2
0.01036, Bm
0.414 T
230 920 V;(b) m
4.44 50 100
250 104
100

9.

(a) m

240
5.4 mWb;(b) Pc 240 5.0 0.3 360 W;(c) I m 5.0 sin 0 5 .954 4.77 A
4.44 50 200

10. 0 cos1 0.2 78.46, 2 cos1 0.8 36.87 ; I1' (1/ 3) 40 13.33 A; 78.46 36.87 41.59

I1 I 02 I1'2 2I 0 I1' cos 41.59 14.5 A

11. 0 cos1 0.25 75.52 ; (a) I m I 0 sin 4.35 A ; (b) Pc 230 4.5 0.25 258.75 W
230
m
4.14 mWb
4.44 50 250
12. K 80 / 400 0.2; Re1 0.3 [0.1/(0.2)2 ] 2.8 ; X e1 1.1 [0.035/(0.2)2 ] 1.975
Ze1 (2.8)2 (1.975)2 3.426

13.

2
(a) K 220 /1100 0.2; Re1 0.1 [0.004 /(0.2) ] 0.2 ; X e1 0.3 [0.012 /(0.2) ] 0.6

2
(b) Re 2 (0.2)2 0.1 0.004 0.008 ; X e 2 (0.2) 0.3 0.012 0.024

14.

( a )

50000 1
500
97.85%;(b) Load 50 kVA
45.64kVA;(c) Pi Pc 500 W
50000 1 500 600
600

15. (a) I w 120 0.6 A; I m 1.32 0.62 1.15 A;(b) Re 2 200 0.222 ; Z e 2 22 0.733 ;
200
302
30
X e 2 0.7332 0.2222 0.699 ; Re1 0.222 / 22 0.0555; X e1 0.698 / 22 0.1745

16. (a) m

230
0.03453
; Bm
1.3814 T;(b) E2 K 230 2683.33 V;(c) I1 KI 2 1166.67 A
4.44 50 30
0.025

17. cos 0 P0 0.4557; 0 cos1 0.4557 62.9; I m I 0 sin 0 0.5697 A; I w I 0 cos 0 0.2917 A
V1I 0

I1' KI 2 4 0.8 j 4 0.6 (3.2 j 2.4) A; I 0 (0.2917 j 0.5697) A; I1 I1' I 0 4.58440.38 A;

pf cos 40.38 0.762

18.

220
; A m 8.2610-3 m 2 ; (a) V2 N 2 V1 440 V ; (b) cos 0.8, I 2 I 2 (cos j sin )
4.44 50 100
Bm
N
1

N
I 2 (6.4 j 4.8), I1 2 I 2 2(6.4 j 4.8) = 16143.1 A
N1
19. (a) N1

11000
500 kVA
500 kVA
45.45 A, I 2
1250 A;
100 2750; (b) I1
11kV
400 V
400
400
(c ) m
0.018 Wb
4.44 50 100

20. 0 cos1 0.26 74.93, 2 cos1 0.8 36.87 ; E1 4.44 50 144 7.5 103 240V; E2 720V

I 0 0.24kVA / 240V 1 A; I 2 1.2kVA/720V 1.66A;(a) I m 1 sin 74.93 0.97 A

(b) I1' (432 /144) 1.66 4.98 A; 74.93 36.87 38.06 ; I1 I 02 I1'2 2I 0 I1' cos38.06 5.8 A
21. K 230 / 6000 0.0383; Re 2 (0.0383)2 10 0.016 0.0307 ; X e 2 (0.0383)2 23 0.0337 ;
30000
130.4 0.0307 0.8 130.4 0.0337 0.6
I2
130.4 A;% Re gn
100 2.54%
230
230
22. K 1/ 8 0.125; Re1 0.85 0.012 /(0.125)2 1.618 ; X e1 4.8 0.07 /(0.125)2 9.28 ;
Ze1 (1.618)2 (9.28)2 9.42 ; V1 I 2 KZe1 150 0.125 9.42 176.6 V

23. (a) K 1/ 6 0.167; Re1 0.9 0.03/(0.167)2 1.98 ; X e1 5 0.13/(0.167)2 9.66 ;

Ze1 (1.98)2 (9.66)2 9.86 ; V1 I 2 KZe1 100 0.167 9.86 164.6 V; (b) pf cos 78.41 0.2

24.

Let n be the faction of full-load. Pc Pi or n2 3.63 2.9 n 0.894; kVAo 0.894 500 447kVA

Pl Pc Pi 2.9 2.9 5.8kW; Po 447 0.8 357.6kW;max 357.6 /(357.8 5.8) 0.984 98.4%
25.

V2 V20; I 2 300 36.87; E2 V2 I 2 Z2 V2 14.439 ; E1 10.6E2 10.6V2 152.6439

I1 I 2 /10.6 28.3143.13; V1 E1 I1Z1 10.6V2 152.6439 (28.3143.13)(1.4 j5.2)
(10.6V2 243.87) j(193.86); (10.6V2 243.87) 2 (193.86)2 66002 V2 600V; Po 600 300 0.8 144kW

26. K 400 / 4000 0.1; (a) Re1 13 [0.15 /(0.1)2 ] 28 ; X e1 20 [0.25 /(0.1)2 ] 45 ;
I w 4000 /12000 0.333A; I m 0.667 A;(b) I 0 (0.333 j 0.667) A 0.745 63.5 A
(c) I1' 0.1 25 36.9 (2 j1.5) A; I1 I1' I 0 (2.333 j 2.167) A 3.18 42.9 A
2000
27. (a) Z ' Z L (5.96 j 4.44) ; I 200 0.5A; I 200 j 0.866 A; I '
L
w
m
1
K2
400
j 231
(0.16 5.96) j (0.7 4.44)
(19.16 j16.09) A; I1 I1' I0 25.96 - 40.78 A; (b) V2' I1' Z'L 185.9 3.32 V; V2 V2' K 1859 V

(c) pf cos 40.78 0.757 lagging

28. (a) I 2 Z2 0.1 200 20 V; I 2 R2 0.05 200 10 V; I 2 X 2 202 102 17.32 V; Regl. (10 0.8 17.32 0.6) / 200
I R
10
9.196% ; (b) For zero regl. : tan 2 2 2
0.577; pf cos 2 0.866leading
I 2 X 2 17.32
29. (a) I
2

500000
1205A; I1
415

500000
45.5A; Pc 2FL (1205)2 0.0019 2.76 kW; Pc1FL (45.5)2 0.42 0.87 kW;
11000

Pc 3.63kW; Pl 6.53kW; Po 500 0.8 400kW;FL 400 /(400 6.53) 0.9839 98.39%
30. (b) PcHL 3.63 (1/ 2)2 0.91kW;PlHL 0.91 2.9 3.81kW;HL 200 /(200 3.81) 0.9813 98.13%
31. Po(FL) 250 0.8 200kW; Pin(FL) 200 / 0.96 208.34; Pi Pc 208.34 200 8.34kW

Po( HL) (250 0.8) / 2 100kW; Pin( HL) 100 / 0.96 104.17; Pi Pc / 4 104.17 100 4.17 kW
Pi 2.78 kW, Pc 5.56 kW