Arab Academy for Science & Technology College of Engineering & Technology - Cairo Computer Engineering Department Course

Code: CC111 Course Title : Int. To Computers Examiner : Prof. Dr. ALAA Abd El-Raheem AHMED. Spec. : First Year Students The 7th week Exam Review Sheet 1 ( Chap 1 4) Reg. #: Name: Class:

Which of the following sentences is (True) or (False):

1. There are application programs that help users write their own programs using a programming language. T 2. A computer does not always do whatever the instructions, or program, tell it to do. F 3. The number of bits being transmitted at one time is dependent on the bus width. T 4. Hard Disk Storage media are volatile. F 5. Recordable optical discs can be written to, but the discs cannot be erased and reused. T 6. The decode unit coordinates and controls the operations and activities taking place within the CPU. F 7. Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technology confined primarily to the banking industry, where it is used to facilitate high-volume processing of checks. F 8. Early computers required programs to be written in machine language. T 9. The main circuit board inside the system unit is called the megaboard. F 10. ROM (read-only memory), also called main memory, is used to store the essential parts of the operating system while the computer is running. F 11. The control unit takes the instructions fetched by the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that can be understood by the control unit, ALU, and FPU. F 12. With rewritable optical media, the laser permanently alters the disc surface. F 13. Flash memory storage systems are not subject to mechanical failures like hard drive and optical disc systems, and are therefore more resistant to shock and vibration. T 14. While the memory used for disk caching can be a designated portion of RAM, todays hard drives typically use a disk cache consisting of memory chips located on a circuit board inside the hard drive case. T 15. Many new personal computers come with a C drive partition ready to use for programs and data and another logical drive set up as a recovery partition. T 16. Recordable optical discs can be written to, but the discs cannot be erased and reused. T 17. When scanning, lower resolution is acceptable if the image is to be enlarged significantly or if only one part of the image is to be extracted and enlarged. F

18. CRT monitors use digital signals to display images, which allows for sharper images. F 19. Each pixel on an LCD display emits light in the necessary color. F

Choice the correct answer

1. Computing technologies make it possible to have ____, traditional appliances with some type of built-in computer or communications technology. D a. design appliances c. home computers b. smart computers d. smart appliances 2. Two of the most common types of communications hardware are ____ and network adapters. D a. ports c. monitors b. slide rules d. modems 3. In addition to the four primary computer operations, todays computers typically also perform ____ functions. B a. calculations c. sorting b. communications d. programming 4. Integrated circuits incorporate many transistors and electronic circuits on a single tiny silicon chip, allowing ____ to be even smaller and more reliable than earlier computers. B a. second-generation computers c. fourth-generation computers b. third-generation computers d. fifth-generation computers 5. What kind of computer would most likely fit Sarahs needs? C a. midrange server c. notebook b. embedded d. docking station 6. ____ consists of programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer, such as creating letters, preparing budgets, and managing inventory. D a. Cloud storage c. Java Script b. HTML d. Application software 7. A ____ is loosely defined as a very small device that has some built-in computing or Internet capability. C a. mainframe computer c. mobile device b. midrange server d. personal computer 8. RAID 0 uses disk ____, which spreads files over several disk drives. B a. burning c. clustering b. striping d. mirroring 9. Ultra-mobile PCs are also called ____. B a. mini computers c. range computers b. handheld computers d. frame computers 10. ____ is typically free and provided by virtually all ISPs used with personal computers. B a. Short Message mail c. Web-com b. Web-based e-mail d. Program-based e-mail

11. One online security problem is ____, in which someone else uses your identity, typically to purchase goods or services. C a. identity duplication c. identity theft b. domain theft d. phishing 12. ____ consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or the user. D a. RAM c. SDRAM b. Register d. Flash memory 13. The key element of the microprocessor is the ____a device made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch controlling the flow of electrons inside a chip. B a. processor c. chipbus b. transistor d. S-card 14. Each hard disk is divided into pie-shaped groups of ____. D a. tracks c. files b. clusters d. sectors 15. The recommended file system for computers running current versions of Windows is ____. C a. FAT c. NTFS b. FAT32 d. FAT64 16. ____ optical discs can be recorded on, erased, and overwritten just like magnetic disks. C a. Erasable c. Rewritable b. Rereadable d. Recordable 17. If Rodney wants to record music files onto a CD, he needs to make sure that his operating system has CD____ capabilities. B a. mirroring c. hybrid b. burning d. striping 18. A(n) ____ uses charged liquid crystals located between two sheets of clear material to light up the appropriate pixels to form the image on the screen. D a. organic light emitting diode (OLED) display b. gas plasma display c. digital television (DTV) d. liquid crystal display (LCD)

19. The ____ orders data and instructions from cache or RAM based on the task at hand. B a. ALU c. control unit b. prefetch unit d. decode unit 20. ____ means that data can be retrieved directly from any location on the storage medium, in any order. B a. Indirect access c. Sequential access b. Random access d. Online access 21. The number of bits used to store color information about each pixel is called ____. A a. bit depth c. pixel depth b. color concentration d. byte resolution

22. When buying a scanner, Stacey needs to make sure that the scanner has a high enough ____, typically measured in the number of dots per inch (dpi), for the business needs of the office. C a. magnetic resolution c. optical resolution b. image depth d. word spacing

23. ____ form images by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto the page, one printed line at a time. B a. Laser printers c. Dot-matrix printers b. Ink-jet printers d. Line printers

Complete the following statements 1. The progression of input, processing, output, and storage is sometimes referred to as the IPOS___ cycle or the information processing cycle. 2. _Communications__________ technically an input or output operation, depending on which direction the information is goingis increasingly considered the fifth primary computer operation. 3. One common opinion is that fifth-generation computers will be based on ____artificial intelligence_______, allowing them to think, reason, and learn. 4. ___Programmers_____ are computer professionals whose primary job responsibility is to write the programs that computers use. 5. The World Wide Web refers to one resourcea collection of documents called _____Web pages____ available through the Internet. 6. One of the most common methods for storing graphics data is in the form of a bitmapa grid of hundreds of thousands of dots, called ___pixels_____. 7. Text-based data is represented by fixed-length binary coding systems specifically developed for text-based datanamely, ASCII, EBCDIC, and ____Unicode_______. 8. ____Integrated circuits (ICs)__ are collections of electronic circuits containing microscopic pathways along which electrical current can travel. 9. __Expansion slots__ are locations on the motherboard into which expansion cards can be inserted to connect those cards to the motherboard. 10. ____Ports________________ are the connectors located on the exterior of the system unit that are used to connect external hardware devices. 11. The ____control unit_____ coordinates and controls the operations and activities taking place within the CPU, such as retrieving data and instructions and passing them on to the ALU or FPU for execution. 12. ___Solid-state drives (SSDs)___ are hard drives that use flash memory technology instead of magnetic technology to store data. 13. __Remote storage___ refers to using a storage device that is not connected directly to the users computer.

14. The objective of disk mirroring is to increase ____fault tolerance_____. 15. Most mice today are optical mice or ____Laser___ mice that track movements with light. 16. __Signature capture devices__ are commonly attached to point-of-sale equipment so that they can electronically record signatures used to authorize credit card purchases. 17. ____Touch screens__ are used in consumer kiosks, point-of-sale (POS) systems and are useful for on-thejob applications, such as in factories, where using a keyboard or mouse is otherwise impractical. 18. Some midrange servers consist of consist of a collection of individual compact, modular servers called ____blades_____. 19. Because the output appears temporarily on a display device, it is sometimes referred to as __soft copy__. 20. One of the most common methods for storing graphics data is in the form of a bitmapa grid of hundreds of thousands of dots, called ______pixels_______. 21. _____Flat-panel___ displays form images by manipulating electronically charged chemicals or gases sandwiched between thin panes of glass or other transparent material. Answer the following questions Q Define the four primary operations of a computer. The four primary operations of a computer can be defined as follows: Inputentering data into the computer. Processingperforming operations on the data. Outputpresenting the results. Storagesaving data, programs, or output for future use.

Q What does an output device do? An output device accepts processed data from the computer and presents the results to the user, most of the time on the computer screen (monitor), on paper (via a printer), or through a speaker. Other possible output devices include headphones and headsets (used to deliver audio output to a single user) and data projectors (used to project computer images onto a projection screen). Output devices can connect via a wired or wireless connection. Q Define the six categories into which computers are generally classified. Computers are generally classified in one of six categories, based on size, capability, and price. - Embedded computerstiny computers embedded into products to perform specific functions or tasks for that product. - Mobile devicesmobile phones and other communications devices with computing or Internet capabilities. - Personal computersfully functioning portable or desktop computers that are designed to be used by a single individual at a time. - Midrange serverscomputers that host data and programs available to a small group of users. - Mainframe computerspowerful computers used to host a large amount of data and programs available to a wide group of users.

- Supercomputersextremely powerful computers used for complex computations and processing. Q Explain what a register is and how it is used. A register is high-speed memory built into the CPU. Registers are used by the CPU to temporarily store data and intermediary results during processing. Registers are the fastest type of memory used by the CPU, even faster than Level 1 cache. Generally, the more data a register can contain at one time, the faster the CPU performs.

Q Of what does ROM (read-only memory) consist? What is one important difference between ROM and RAM (random access memory)? ROM (read-only memory) consists of nonvolatile chips that permanently store data or programs. Like RAM, these chips are attached to the motherboard inside the system unit, and the data or programs are retrieved by the computer when they are needed. An important difference, however, is that you can neither write over the data or programs in ROM chips (which is the reason ROM chips are called read-only), nor destroy their contents when you shut off the computers power. Q What are the different steps of the machine cycle? Each machine cycle consists of the following four general operations: 1. Fetchthe program instruction is fetched. 2. Decodethe instructions are decoded so the control unit, ALU, and FPU can understand them. 3. Executethe instructions are carried out. 4. Storethe original data or the result from the ALU or FPU execution is stored either in the CPUs registers or in memory, depending on the instruction. Q Explain the difference between multiprocessing and parallel processing. With multiprocessing, each CPU typically works on a different job. Because multiple jobs are being processed simultaneously, they are completed faster than with a single processor. With parallel processing, multiple processors work together to make one single job finish sooner; a control processor assigns a portion of the processing for that job to each CPU. Q Discuss how storage media differ from RAM in terms of volatility. Conventional RAM is volatile, which means that programs and documents held in RAM are erased when they are no longer needed by the computer or when the power to the computer is turned off. Storage media, however, are nonvolatile, so the data remains on the media even when the power to the computer or storage device is off. Consequently, storage media are used for anything that needs to be saved for future use. Q What term is used to refer to the total time a hard drive takes to read or write data, and what are the steps it requires? The total time that it takes for a hard drive to read or write data is called the disk access time and requires the following three steps: 1. Move the read/write heads to the cylinder that contains (or will hold) the desired datacalled seek time. 2. Rotate the hard disks into the proper position so that the read/write heads are located over the part of the cylinder to be usedcalled rotational delay. 3. Move the data, such as reading the data from the disk and transferring it to memory, or transferring the data from memory and storing it on the diskcalled data movement time.

Q What does remote storage refer to? Describe some common types of remote storage. Remote storage refers to using a storage device that is not connected directly to the users computer; instead, the device is accessed through a local network or through the Internet. Using a remote storage device via a local network (referred to as network storage) works in much the same way as using local storage (the storage devices and media that are directly attached to the users computer). Remote storage devices accessed via the Internet are often referred to as online storage or cloud storage. Q What is a smart card? Describe some common features and uses of smart cards. A smart card is a credit card-sized piece of plastic that contains computer circuitry and componentstypically a processor, memory, and storage. Smart cards today store a relatively small amount of data (typically 64 KB or less) that can be used for payment or identification purposes. For example, a smart card can store a prepaid amount of digital cash, which can be used for purchases at a smart card-enabled vending machine or PCthe amount of cash available on the card is reduced each time the card is used. Smart cards are also commonly used worldwide for national and student ID cards; credit and debit cards; and cards that store loyalty system information (frequent flyer points, for example), identification data for accessing facilities or computer networks, or an individuals medical history and health insurance information for fast treatment and hospital admission in an emergency. Although these applications have used conventional magnetic stripe technology in the past, the processor integrated into a smart card can perform computationssuch as to authenticate the card and encrypt the data on the card to protect its integrity and secure it against unauthorized accessand data can be added to the card or modified on the card as needed. Q What kind of applications are holographic data storage systems suited for? Holographic data storage systems are particularly suited to applications in which large amounts of data need to be stored or retrieved quickly, but rarely changed, such as for data archiving of e-mail and other business data, medical records, movies and TV shows, and data recorded by military sensors. Q What is a touch pad? A touch pad is a rectangular pad across which a fingertip or thumb slides to move the onscreen pointer. The buttons that appear next to the touch pad surface are used to perform clicks and other mouse actions; often the pad can be tapped to make selections, as well. Although most often found on notebook computer keyboards, touch pads are also available as stand-alone devices to be used with desktop computers and are built into some keyboards. Q Describe the common features and uses of portable scanners. Portable scanners are designed to capture text and other data while on the go. Some are full-page portable scanners that can capture images of an entire document (such as a printed document or receipt) encountered while on the go; others are handheld scanners designed to capture text one line at a time. In either case, the scanner is typically powered by batteries, the scanned content is stored in the scanner, and the content is transferred to a computer (via a cable or a wireless connection) when needed. Some handheld scanners can also be used to translate scanned text from one language to another. Q How do digital cameras work? Digital cameras work much like conventional film cameras, but instead of recording images on film they record them on a digital storage medium, such as a flash memory card, digital tape cartridge, built-in hard drive, or DVD disc.

Q How do color and monochrome displays form colors? Display devices form images by lighting up the proper configurations of pixels (the smallest colorable areas on a display deviceessentially tiny dots on a display screen). A variety of technologies can be used to light up the appropriate pixels needed to display a particular image. Display devices can be monochrome displays (in which each pixel can only be one of two colors, such as black or white) or color displays (in which each pixel can display a combination of three colorsred, green, and bluein order to display a large range of colors).

Question: Which of the following sentences is (True) or (False): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Firewall is a software programs protected computer from hackers( T ) ROM is the volatile memory ( F ) ASCII is a computer characters code ( T ) Pixel is a smallest address represent image ( T ) BIOS has the basic input output primitive instructions of computer System. T Computers store all data such as text, images, audio, and video digitally ( T ) Hardware is any physical device, such as computer, disk drive, printer, modem, or cable ( T ) 8. USB (Universal Serial Bus) is used to connect computer with external devices as printers, plotters, scanners , etc. ( T ). 9. Window XP is an application program ( F ) 10.MP3 compression makes audio files much smaller ( T ) 11.Motherboard or system board: the main circuit board inside the system unit ( T ) 12.Bus is an electronic path over which data can travel ( T ) 13.Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) perform arithmetic and logical operations ( T ) 14.Information is the data that has been processed into an organized ( T ) 15.Antivirus is a software programs protected computer from hackers( F ) 16.Word is an application program ( T ) 17.Images often stored as bitmap, a grid of hundreds of thousands of dots, called pixels ( T ) 18.Machine language: binary-based language for representing computer programs the computer can execute directly ( T ) 19.Motherboard or system board: the main circuit board inside the system unit ( ) 20.CPU performs the computer operations ( T ) 21.BIOS has the basic input output primitive instructions of computer System. F 22. Win 7 is an operating system ( T ) 23.Computers store all data text, images, audio, and video as Characters ( F ) 24.Hardware is operating system and application( F ) 25.Games is application programs ( T ) 26.USB (Universal Serial Bus) is used to connect with scanners only ( F ). 27.Data is collection of information ( F )

28.Mouse is a computer output device ( F ) 29.Intrnet is a public Wide Area Network (WAN) ( T ) 30.Firewall is a software programs protected computer from virus( T ) 31.RAM is the nonvolatile memory ( F ) 32.Expansion slot: a location on the motherboard into which expansion cards are inserted ( T ) Question: Choice the correct answer 1- Sound Card is a) System board. b) Motherboard. c) Add in card C

2- Information stored in RAM is considered volatile, which means it is: a) Stored permanently. 3- Byte terminology used to a) Express the size of documents and other files, programs, etc. b) Character code A 4- Processing speed is measured in a) Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz) 5- Optical storage media such as: a) CDs and DVD b) Hard disk c) Floppy disk A B b) Kb c) Hours A b) Not held permanently, only temporarily. A

6- Scanner is computer a. Output device b. Input device 7- Bit is a. single 1 or 0 b. is Byte A

8- Microprocessor is referred to:

a. System board.
c. Processor C

b. Motherboard.

9-Which of the following is strictly an output device?

a. Trackball b. joystick c. handwriting recognition device d. printer D 10- PC that has a single hard disk but six drives, labeled A, B, C, D, E, and F, has probably its hard disk: a. Sectored b. Partitioned c. Formatted d. Fragmented B 11-Information stored in ROM is considered non volatile, which means it is: a. stored there permanently. b. not held permanently, only temporarily. c. stored when the electricity is shut off. A Question : Q Discuss the computer memories, RAM and ROM. Q : What are the main components of CPU? Q: Explain the difference between the Data and Information. Q : What are the Storage Systems Characteristics? Q: What are the Hard drive characteristics?
Q: How can you Improving the Performance of your computer system. Q Discuss the keyboard key main groups. Q What are the different types of scanner? Q Discuss the special purpose printers. ======================================================================== Q. What are the main functions of Operating System? Q: Explain the computer system Utilities. Q Discuss the new computer communication technology WiMax. Q -Discuss the new computer technology BluRay .
Q Explain the difference between multiprocessing and parallel processing.

With multiprocessing, each CPU typically works on a different job. Because multiple jobs are being processed simultaneously, they are completed faster than with a single processor. With parallel processing, multiple processors work together to make one single job finish sooner; a control processor assigns a portion of the processing for that job to each CPU.