TM TT

K thut vi x l v vi iu khin vi tc pht trin nhanh v ang mang n nhng thay i to ln trong khoa hc v cng ngh cng nh trong i sng hng ngy.nh k thut vi x l v vi iu khin m my mc tr nn thng minh hn,thc hin c nhng cng vic i hi chnh xc cao,em li hiu qu kinh t cao Ngy nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi cn in t dng nh lng khi lng,nhng cc loi cn ny thng c gi rt t v c dng cho vic kim tra l ch yu. ng dng cc loi cn in t vo trong qu trnh sn xut th cn t ng ha qu trnh nh lng. c s chp nhn ca ban ch nhim khoa c kh & cng ngh trng i Hc Nng Lm TP HCM ti tin hnh thc hin ti:NG DNG VI IU KHIN TRONG CN T NG. Nhng vn trong ti cn gii quyt l: Chn loadcell. Thit k m hnh my (bn cn) Thit k bn cha liu. Thit k mch ngun. Thit k mch khuych i tn hiu. Thit k mch hin th gi tr o. Thit k mch iu khin ng c. Thc hin vit chng trnh iu khin.

Cc kt qu t c: Bn cn vng chc,m bo khi motor ang chy cp liu cng nh x liu bn cn khng b rung nhiu do kt qa cng khng b nh hng bi rung ng. Mch khuych i hot ng tt,kh nng chng nhiu cao. Mch iu khin motor chy n nh. Mch hin th gi tr o chy tng i n nh,kh nng chng nhiu cao. Chng trnh chy n nh.

Sinh vin thc hin Phan Vn Thng

Ging vin hng dn T.S Nguyn Nh Nam

Chng 1 M U
K thut vi x l vi tc pht trin nhanh v ang mang n nhng thay i to ln trong khoa hc & cng ngh cng nh trong i sng hng ngy.Ngy nay,nh k thut vi x l v vi iu khin m my mc tr nn thng minh hn,thc hin c nhng cng vic nng nhc v i hi chnh xc cao,em li hiu qu kinh t cao Cc b vi iu khin thng nh gn nhng c kh nng x l chnh xc v nhanh cc hot ng phc tp.Mt h thng c kh thng phc tp v qu trnh x l cc hot ng thng khng c chnh xc cao,nhng nu h thng c kh kt hp vi vi x l s gii quyt vn tt hn vi chnh xc cao hn,c th x l nhiu hot ng phc tp trong mt lc. c s chp nhn ca ban ch nhim khoa c kh & cng ngh trng i Hc Nng Lm TP HCM,ti tin hnh thc hin ti:NG DNG VI IU KHIN TRONG CN T NG. V thi gian v kin thc c hn nn lun vn ny khng th trnh khi nhng sai st,rt mong c nhg kin ng gp ca qu thy c v cc bn. Sinh vin thc hin ti Phan vn Thng

MC CH TI
Da trn cc ti liu lin quan n nh lng v khi lng,cc ti liu v vi x l,vi iu khin,c bit l tnh nng ca chng. Tm hiu nguyn l ca loadcell. Kt hp vi phn c kh nhm to ra mt h thng cn trong s dng loadcell v vi x l v b hin th nhm mc ch: nh lng khi lng mt cch chnh xc. T ng ha qu trnh sn xut. D quan st khi lng khi ang thc hin qu trnh nh lng Gii hn ti. nh lng c tt c cc sn phm c khi lng nh hn hoc bng ti trng ti a ca loadcell.Ty vo vt liu cn nh lng m thit k m hnh cn v cch iu khin cho ph hp. Gii hn ti,thit k cn dng nh lng cc nguyn liu ri nh:xi mng,bt trt tng v cc loi ht nng sn c kch thc nh. Trong ti ny,thit k cn ch l mt b phn ca h thng my sn xut bt trt tng.Cn dng nh lng trc khi ng bao. D iu khin.

Chng 2 TRA CU TI LIU

2.1 gii thiu v loadcell. Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi loadcell do cc hng sn xut

nh:KUBOTA(Nht),Global(Hn Quc)mi loi loadcell c ch to cho mt nhu cu ring bit theo ti trng chu ng(chu ko hay chu nn).Ty hng sn xut m cc u dy ra c mu khc nhau,thng th trn mi loadcell c dn catologue v cch ni dy,hng chu lc tc dng,in p ra Loadcell c rt nhiu hnh dng,ty vo cc ng dng khc nhau m ta Thng s ca loadcell thng c cho trong bng Catologue ca mi chn cc loadcell c hnh dng khc nhau. loi,thng l cc thng s v ti:ti trng danh nh,in p ra,in p danh nh,khong nhit hot ng cho php,. a. in p danh nh ca loadcell thng rt nh,v d vi in p danh nh 2mV/V nu cung cp ngun 1V th in p ra l 2mV tng ng vi ti trng ti

Ty vo cc ng dng khc nhau m chn cc loi loadcell c hnh dng v

thng s k thut khc nhau.Sau y l hnh dng ca mt s loi loadcell.

Hnh 2.1 hinhg dng ca mt s loi loadcell Cu to ca loadcell: Cu trc ca mt loadcell.

Loadcell thc cht l cu Wheatstone.

Hnh 2.2: Cu Wheatstone B phn chnh ca loadcell l nhng tm in tr mng loi dn.Tm in tr dng bin i in p nh tng ng vi nhng thay i ca in tr. 2.2 Tra cu linh kin in t. 2.2.1 Vi iu khin ATMEGA32. Atmega32 l vi iu khin thuc h AVR ca hng Atmel,c 40 chn trong c 32 chn I/O,c 4 knh iu xung PWM,s dng thch anh ngoi 8MHz. Nhn AVR kt hp tp lnh y vi 32 thanh ghi a nng. Tt c cc thanh ghi lin kt trc tip vi khi x l s hc v logic (ALU) cho php 2 thanh ghi c lp c truy cp trong mt lnh n trong 1 chu k ng h. Kt qu l tc nhanh gp 10 ln cc b vi iu khin CISC thng. Di y l hnh v s chn ca VK At mega32:

Hnh 2.3 :S chn Atmega32 At mega32 gm c 4 port :port A,port B,port C v port D. Port A gm 8 chn t PA0 n PA7:l cng vo tng t cho chuyn i tng t sang s.N cng l cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt trong trng hp khng s sng lm cng chuyn i tng t,c in tr ni ln ngun dng bn trong.Port A cung cp ng a ch d liu vao/ra theo kiu hp knh khi dng b nh bn ngoi. Port B gm 8 chn t PB0 n PB7:l cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt,c in tr ni ln ngun dng bn trong.Port B cung cp cc chc nng ng vi cc tnh nng c bit ca Atmega32. Port C gm cc chn t PC0 n PC7:l cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bit,c in tr ni ln ngun dng bn trong,Port C cung cp cc a ch li ra khi s dng b nh bn ngoi v ng thi cung cp ng vi cc tnh nng c bit ca Atmega32. Port D gm cc chn t PD0 n PD7:l cng vo/ra hai hng 8 bt,c in tr ni ln ngun dng bn trong. Port D cung cp cc chc nng ng vi cc tnh nng c bit ca Atmega32.

 Chn ngun Vcc (chn s 10 chn s 30):in p ngun nui ca Atmega32 t 4.5v n 5.5v. Chn Reset (chn s 9):li vo t li. Chn GND (chn s 11 v chn 31):chn ni mas. Chn XTAL1,XTAL2 l hai chn ni thch anh ngoi (chn s 12 v chn s 13).Atmega32 s dng thch anh ngoi l 8MHz. Chn ICP(chn s 20):l chn vo cho chc nng bt tn hiu cho b nh thi/m 1. Chn OC1B(chn s 18):l chn ra cho chc nng so snh li ra b nh thi/m 1. Chn INT1(chn s 17):chn ng vo ngt.

Hnh 2.4:S cu trc bn trong ca Atmega32.

ATmega32 c cc c tnh sau:

32Kbytes b nh ISP Flash vi Read-While-Write capacities. 2Kbytes RAM. 1024 bytes EEPROM. 32 ng I/O a nng. 32 thanh ghi a nng. JTAG interface. On-chip Debug and Program. 3 b nh thi phc hp vi ch so snh. Ngt ngoi v trong. B truyn nhn ni tip USART lp trnh c. B giao tip ni tip nh hng 2 dy. 8 knh, 10bit ADC vi ngng vo la chn khc nhau li lp trnh c. B WatchDog Timer kh trnh vi dao ng ni. Port SPI ni tip. H thng ngt tip tc hm. ATmega32 c cc ch tit kim nng lng nh sau: Ch ngh (Idle) CPU trong khi cho php b truyn tin ni tip ng b USART, giao tip 2 dy, chuyn i A/D, SRAM, b m b nh thi, cng SPI v h thng cc ngt vn hot ng. Ch Power-down lu gi ni dung ca cc thanh ghi nhng lm ng lnh b to dao ng, thot khi cc chc nng ca chip cho n khi c ngt ngoi hoc l reset phn cng. Ch Power-save ng h ng b tip tc chy cho php chng trnh s dng gi c ng b thi gian nhng cc thit b cn li l ng.

Ch ADC Noise Reduction dng CPU v tt c cc thit b cn li ngoi tr ng h ng b v ADC, ti thiu ho switching noise trong khi ADC ang hot ng. Ch standby, b to dao ng (thu tinh th/b cng hng) chy trong khi cc thit b cn li ng. Cc iu ny cho php b vi iu khin khi ng rt nhanh trong ch tiu th cng sut thp. Thit b c sn xut s dng cng ngh b nh c nh mt cao ca

Atmel. B nh On-chip ISP Flash cho php lp trnh li vo h thng qua giao din SPI bi b lp trnh b nh c nh truyn thng hoc bi chng trnh On-chip Boot chy trn nhn AVR. Chng trnh boot c th s dng bt c giao in no download chng trnh ng dng trong b nh Flash ng dng. Phn mm trong vng Boot Flash s tip tc chy trong khi vng Application Flash c cp nht, cung cp thao tc Read-While-Write thc s. Bng vic kt hp 1 b 8-bit RISC CPU vi In-System Self-Programmable Flash trong ch nguyn vn 1 chip ATmega32 l mt b vi iu khin mnh c th cung cp gii php c tnh linh ng cao, gi thnh r cho nhiu ng dng iu khin nhng. 2.2.2 Tra cu ic Opto (loi PC817C). Opto l loi linh kin tch hp c cu to gm mt led v mt photo diode hay mt photo transitor.c s dng cch ly gia cc khi chnh lch nhau v in hay cng sut nh khi cng sut nh (dng nh,in p 5V) vi khi in p ln dng ln v p ln. -Nguyn l hot ng ca opto:
V cc

R 1 330

3 IS O 1

Hnh 2.5 s nguyn l ca opto Khi c dng nh i qua hai u ca Led trong opto lm cho Led pht

sng.Khi Led pht sng lm thng hai cc ca photo transitor hay photo diode. 2.2.3 Op07. c im : Offset thp : 10V. tri offset thp : 0,2V/C. n nh i vi thi gian cao : 0,2V/thng. t b nh hng bi nhiu : 0,35Vp-p. Tm in p cung cp rng : 3V Common Mode Input cao : 14V. Khng cn linh kin rp thm bn ngoi. 18V. Kiu chn :

OP07 l mt IC OPAMP c chnh xc cao, vi offset thp (tiu chun l 10V, max l 25V). tri offset khong 0,2V/C v dng phn cc u vo thp (0,7nA), cng thm vi tr khng u vo cao v li vng h ln nn IC ny rt thch hp vi cc ng dng o lng i hi chnh xc. 2.2.4 Lm358. Tra cu v vi mch khuch i thut ton LM358: S chn:

Hnh 2.6:S chn ca lm358

Mch LM358 l b khuch i tn hiu vo bn trong cha 2 khuch i ton hc: Khong in p cung cp -0.3V n +32V Dng in hot ng +5V y l mch khuch i c hi tip in tr rt cao, cho nn khng lm nh hng xu n tn hiu cm bin Kh nng chng nhiu cao.

2.2.5 L7805 v L7905. 78xx l loi linh kin dng bin i t in p cao xung in p thp ty thuc vo c im ca tng loi h 78. L7805 l loi linh kin dng to ra in p 5V.
U 2 G N D 1 V IN VO U T 3

L 7 8 0 5 /TO 3

S chn ca 7805: chn 1 l chn in p vo(V in),chn 2 (chn mass GND),chn 3(chn in p ra V out).

H 79XX:khc vi h 78xx,h 79 dng to ra in p m.in p ra ty thuc vo tng loi nh 7905 to ra -5V,7912 to ra in p -12V

2.2.6 B hin th LCD. Trn th trng trong nc cng nh nc ngoi hin nay c rt nhiu b hin th tinh th lng t nhiu hng khc nhau,trong thng gp l b hin th LCD HD44780 ca cng ty Hitachi.

Hnh 2.7:S LCD 20x4 Trong ti ny s dng LCD loi 20x4.(bn dng mi dng 20 k t). Cch sp xp v vai tr cc chn ca cc mun khc nhau c lit k trong bng sau : Chn s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 K hiu Vss Vcc Vee RS RW E DB0 DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DB5 DB6 DB7 M t Ni mas hoc t Ngun nui +5V Chnh tng phn (0 n +5V) La chn thanh ghi ( lnh/d liu ) c /Ghi Cho php ng dn d liu 0 ng dn d liu 1 ng dn d liu 2 ng dn d liu 3 ng dn d liu 4 ng dn d liu 5 ng dn d liu 6 ng dn d liu 7

in p chn vo Vee dng thit lp tng phn ca b hin th..

Ba ng dn iu khin ng vai tr iu khin dng d liu ti v i ra t b hin th . Chc nng ca cc ng dn iu khin trong bng sau : ng dn iu khin E Mc lgic 0 1 S/W RS 0 1 0 1 Chc nng B hin th khng c kch hot . B hin th c kch hot . Ghi d liu vo b hin th . c d liu vo b hin th . D liu c dch thnh lnh . D liu c dch ra thnh k t .

ng dn iu khin E (Enable) kch hot hoc khng kch hot b hin

th .Khi b hin th c kch hot , n s kim tra trng thi ca hai ng dn iu khin khc v sau nh gi cc ng dn t cc ng dn d liu cho ph hp . Khi b hin th khng c kch hot trng thi ca cc ng

dn iu khin khc b b qua v cc ng dn d liu c chuyn trng thi in tr (ba trng thi) . Khi , bus d liu c th c th c s dng cho cc mc ch khc . ng dn R/W ( c /ghi ) bo hiu cho bit liu cc d liu c ghi vo b d liu c ghi vo b hin th hay cn c c ra t b hin th . Cui cng ng dn RS ( la chn thanh ghi ) ch cho thy cc d liu c truyn c lin quan n cc lnh dng cho b iu khin hin th hay lin quan n k t cn c ghi vo b hin th. 2.3 Tra cu phn mm. 2.3.1 Ngn ng ASSEMBLY. ASSEMBLY l ngn ng trung gian gia ngn ng cp thp(m my) v ngn ng cp cao(pascal,visua C)Ngn ng assembly thay th cc m my bng cc m gi nh gip d nh v d lp trnh. Xut d liu(Data)ra cng c a ch address. Mov dx,address 2.3.2 Ngn ng C v visua C/9/ C v visua C l hai ngn ng cp cao c s dng rt rng ri trong cc k ngh lp trnh phn mm v phn cng my tnh. Xut/nhp d liu bng lnh OUT v INP hay(OUTPORT B,INPPORT B). Trong visua C++ 6.0 c cc hm v th tc: InP,OutP:c,xut d liu. InPW,OutW:c,xut mt t. InPD,OutD:oc,xut mt t kp. 2.3.3 Ngn ng Bascom. Bascom l ngn ng cp cao c s dng rng ri. Xut d liu ra. Config Address = Output

Address = Data Nhp d liu vo. Config Address = Input Data = Address

Chng 3 PHNG PHP V PHNG TIN

3.1 Phng php thc hin phn c kh. Qua tham kho mt s mu cn in t,cn cng nghip,hnh dng mt s loi loadcell, kt hp vi loadcell v nhng vt liu c sn thit k ra m hnh my nh sau:

Hnh 3.1:m hnh khung bn cn Phng php thit k ra m hnh ch yu l phng php hn, un,v khoan. 3.2 Phng php thc hin phn in t. Thit k cc mch in t trn board mch a nng. Thit k mch khuych i:Thit k mch khuych i trn bo mch a nng,dng ng h o cc u vo,ra v mt s chn cn thit trn linh kin. Thit k mch s dng vi iu khin v hin th gi tr o c ra LCD trn board mch a nng.o cc gi tr u ra cn thit v test th mch. Thit k mch iu khin ng c. Thit k,ch to v lp rp mch. Chy th mch. Chn LCD hin th gi tr o. Vit chng trnh, chy th v sa cha. 3.3 Phng php thc hin phn mm. V lu gii thut. Thnh lp cng thc chung v tnh khi lng da trn in p ra ca loadcell. Vit chng trnh. 3.4 Phng tin thc hin ti. Loadcell. My vi tnh c nhn. Board mch a nng. My hn ch. ng h o. Cn ng h dng kim tra li gi tr o. V mt s dng c cn thit khc.

Chng 4 KT QU V THO LUN

4.1 Thc hin phn c kh. 4.1.1 khung bn cn Do loadcell c sn khng phi mua,Da vo hnh dng v cc thng s ca loadcell thit k bn cn. Loi loadcell c sn thng c dng trong cn bn nn thit k bn cn nh sau:

Khung bn cn gm c ba phn ghp li,khung di cng c gn 4 chn c iu chnh c cao nh vo 4 con bulong.

Hnh 4.1:Bn v lp ca cn Khung bn cn c thit k ch yu bng thp ng hnh vung,ring tm phng trn cng c lm bng tn c dy 4mm,tm phng ny dng gn bn cha liu v motor x liu. Ton b phn bn cha liu v mt phn khung bn cn v c motor x liu u c t trn bn cn.Nh vy khi cha cp liu vo bn th loadcell

b tng ng vi mt khi lng bng tng khi lng ca khung bn cn,bn cha,motor x.Khi vit chng trnh phi tr i khi lng trn. Hai tm khung ca cn c gn cht vo hai mt i din ca loadcell.Khi c khi lng ln mt mt,loadcell chu tc dng lc (chu un).Do cc in tr ca loadcell b thay i dn n in p ra ca loadcell cng thay i theo. Di y l hnh ca khung bn cn.

Hnh 4.2: hnh khung bn cn 4.1.2 Bn cha liu. V vt liu cn nh lng l vt liu ri c kch thc ht nh nn chn gc nghing ca bn cha liu khong 30o n 45o m bo vt liu t chy c.

Sau y l hnh v bn cha liu:

Hnh 4.3 Bn cha liu

Hnh 4.4:M hnh hon chnh 4.1.3 b phn x liu. B phn x liu l mt vt ti c gn y bn cha liu.Sau khi nh lng xong,motor ko vt ti x ht liu trong bn cha. 4.2 Thc hin phn in t.

4.2.1 Chn loadcell. Ty vo mc ch vic cn nh khi lng bao nhiu kg m ta chn loi loadcell c hnh dng v ti trng ti a cho ph hp. Nu ch nh lng khi lng khong vi chc kg th ta nn chn lai loadcell c ti trng ti a khong 100kg hoc chnh lch vi khi lng cn nh lng t 10 n 20 kg,nh vy s gim c sai s. Do loadcell c sn nn khng phi mua.Trong ti ny em s dng loi loadcell c ti trng ti a l 500kg,vi loi loadcell c ti trng ln nh vy hn na in p ra ca loadcell rt nh nn khi t nhng vt c khi lng nh v khong chnh lch nhau mt vi kilogam th hu nh in p ra khng thay i.Nu dng cn nhng vt c khi lng vi kilogam hoc vi chc kg th khng th trnh c sai s. 4.2.2 Thit k mch ngun.
U 3 V IN G N D 1 V O U T 3 C 6 1 0 0 0 u F C 5 1 0 0 u F R 4 3 3 0 + 5 V 1 2 C O N 2 J 4

C 4 2

L 7 8 0 5 /T O 3

1 0 0 0 u F J 3 3 2 1 A C in p u t D 1 4 + 1

0 0 0

D 6 L E D

0
B R ID G E 3

U 4 V IN G N D 2 C 1 1 0 0 0 u F V O U T 3 C 3 L 7 9 0 5 /T O 3 1 0 0 0u F C 2 1 0 u F D 7 L E D -5 V 1 2

J 5

C O N 2

0
R 9 3 3 0

Hnh 4.5 s mch ngun loadcell c th lm vic c cn to ra mt ngun nui cho loadcell,trong ti s sng ngun 5V nui loadcell.Ngoi ra mch chnh cng cn c ngun nui cho vi iu khin,cc mch ngun ny c tch hp trn tng mch.

 Ngun vo l ngun AC 9V,trong mch s dng hai ic l7805v l7905 to ra in p +5V v -5V. Diode cu dng chnh lu. Cc t in dng trong mch c chc nng lc in p ra thng hn. 4.2.3 thit k mch khuych i tn hiu. V in p u ra ca loadcell rt nh thng th ch 1 mV/V n 3 mV/V, vi iu khin c c tn hiu ra t loadcell ta phi s dng mch khuych i tn hiu ln nhiu ln ri mi a tn hiu in p vo vi iu khin. Nht l vi nhng loi loadcell chu ti trng ln t 500kg tr ln nu ta t vt c khi lng nh ln th in p ra o c s rt nh,nu t hai vt c khi lng chnh lch nhau mt vi kg th hu nh in p ra thay i khng ng k.V vy vic thit k mch khuych i l rt quan trng, Trong mch bn di s dng ba ic opm(op07) dng khuych i,mt bin tr c chc nng iu chnh t h s khuych i mong mun.Cc in tr dng trong mch phi l cc in tr c sai lch nh(0.1%).
R 1 +5v -5 v U 6 100k R 2 100k

O P -0 7 4 8

J1 4 3 2 1

RED
+5v

-5 v R 8 +5v

LOADCELL

a(mV)
0
-5 v U 7 4 8 2 O P -0 7 6

yellow GReeN V2

R 5 100k R 6 100k R 7 100k

Hnh 4.6 s mch khuych i

7 1

+5v

7 1

R 3 100k

blue

4 8

V1

7 1

U 8 + 6 J2 6 O P -0 7 Vout 1 2 C O N 2

Trong s mch trn cc in tr R1 = R2 = R6 = R7 = 100k in p ng ra c tnh bi cng thc:

Vout 2 R1 R3 = (1 + ) V 2 V 1 Rgain R 2

Vout = (1 +

2 R1 R3 )(V 2 V 1) Rgain R2

Trong :V1,V2 l cc gi tr in p t loadcell . +Rgain :gi tr ca bin tr. +Vout l in p sau khi khuych i.Mun gi tr in p bng bao nhiu ta ch cn chnh bin tr thay i Rgain. Mch khuych i c th khuych i tn hiu in p ng ra ca loadcell ln nhiu ln nhng ga tr khuych i ny khng vt qu gi tr in p ngun nui cho loadcell.V d:in p ngun nui cho loadcell l 5V th gi tr khuych i ti a phi nh hn hoc bng 5V. Sau khi cm th mch khuych i trn board a nng,s dng loadcell th mch,dng ng h o in p sau khuych i thy mch chy tt.Ta tin hnh chy mch in v lm mch.

Hnh 4.7:Hnh mch in ca mch khuych i Sau khi hn linh kin xong ta th li ln na kim tra mch chy ng v n nh hay khng,trong qu trnh lm mch ta nn lm n u kim tra n d pht hin v sa cha. 4.2.4 Thit k mch kt ni vi LCD.(mch chnh) Gi tr nh lng c hin th ra LCD l gi tr s,trong khi tn in p ra t loadcell l tn hiu tng t (analog).Do hin th c gi tr kt qu nh lng c ra LCD bt buc phi qua qu trnh chuyn i t tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s.C nhiu cch lm c vic ny nh:dng mch chuyn i A/D trong s dng cc loi ic c chc nng chuyn i A/D.Trong ti khhng thit k mch chuyn i A/D m dng vi iu khin Atmega32.V Atmega32 l mt trong nhng vi iu khin c tch hp sn b chuyn i A/D.Trong Atmega32,port A gm cc chn t 33 n chn 40 l cc chn nhn tn hiu dng analog vo thc hin chuyn i A/D. Nn vic chuyn i t tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s ch vn vit chng trnh chuyn i cho n.

5V J3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5V R8 5K

5V 1 2 3 C 19 1uF

J2

5V 1 2 3

J8

LC D D i s l a y 20x 4

U1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P B 0/T0 P B 1/T1 P B 2/A IN 0 P B 3/A IN 1 P B 4/S S P B 5/M O S I P B 6/M I S O P B 7/S C K RST P A 0/A D 0 P A 1/A D 1 P A 2/A D 2 P A 3/A D 3 P A 4/A D 4 P A 5/A D 5 P A 6/A D 6 P A 7/A D 7 40 1 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

J6

C 20 1uF

CON3

CON3

J4 1 2 3 4 5 6

5V 5V R6 100k C6 1uF C2 Y1 33 C1 33 8M H 5V

CON8

10 11 V C C GND 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 XTA L2 XTA L1

32 A R E F 31 A G N D 30 AVCC 5V J7 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CON8 A TM E G A 32

+9V LM 358 U 4A C 15 1uF 1 8 + 3 - 2

P rogr a m m er

5V R 10 5k

J11 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CON8

P C 7( T O S C 2) P C 6(TO S C ) P D 0( R XD ) PC5 P D 1( T XD ) PC4 P D 2( I N T0) PC3 P D 3( I N T1) PC2 P D 4( O C 1B ) PC1 P D 5( O C 1A ) PC0 P D 6( I C P ) P D 7(O C 2)

J1 C 14 10uF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CON8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

J9

CON8

Hnh 4.8 S mch kt ni vi LCD

Trong mch hnh 4.8.LCD c kt ni vi portB. +R5 l bin tr chnh tng phn ca LCD. +R10 dng chnh in p tham chiu. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch: Tn hiu in p khuych i s a vo mt trong tm chn ca portA. PortA nhn tn hiu in p ,vich chuyn i A/D v qu trnh x l ,tnh ton v hin th gi tr nh lng c thc hin bng vit chng trnh vi iu khin thc hin.

4.2.5 Thit k mch iu khin ng c. Trong ti s dng hai motor cp v x liu. Sau y l s mch iu khin.

Hnh 4.9 S mch iu khin ng c. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch.

Ban u relay lun c in p 12V mt chn. V opto c cu to gm mt diode quang v mt transitor cho nn khi vi iu khin xut tn hiu ra chn s 2 v s 3 s lm cho led pht quang v kch cho con transistor dn,lc ny ngun 12V chy t chn 4 sang chn 3 ca transistor kch con transitor Q1 v Q2.Do dng 12V qua cun ht ca lelay kch cho motor. Trong mch s dng thng ng c v khi cn s cn cn cn th motor cp liu th vi iu khin s ngt ngun kch relay lm cho motor cp liu ngng cp liu nhng do qun tnh n s quay thm mt t na chnh v vy n s cp thm mt lng v th m khi lng s tng thm. cn c chnh xc ta s dng thng ng c,khi s cn ri vi iu khin s kch ng thi hai tn hiu ngng v thng motor cp liu.

4.2.6 thit k mch np cho vi iu khin. C nhiu mch np cho vi x l,trong ti s dng mch np cng com.
P2 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 R 1

4k7 R 2 4k7 1 3 IS O 1

R 3

4k7 2

0
D 1 5v 1 D 2 5v 1

J3 1 2 3 4 5 6 p ro g ra m m e r

Hnh 4.10 s mch np cng com

4.2.7 thit k s h thng o. Chn s khi h thng. Trong tt c cc phng php o bng k thut s th hu ht u c chung s h thng o hnh sau:

i lng vt l cn o

Tn hiu in th hoc dng in dng analog

Khuych i tn hiu

Hin th kt qu

X l tn hiu

Chuyn i A/D

Hnh 4.11 S nghuyn l o Trong ti ny i lng vt l cn o l khi lng,tn hiu in l tn hiu in th. i lng vt l c loadcell tip nhn v chuyn sang tn hiu in th. Do tn hiu in th t loadcell rt nh khong 13mV/V n 3mV/V v di bin thin rt ngn, ph hp vi tnh cht ca b chuyn i A/D th phi cn n mch khuych i tn hiu. Do kt qu o c hin th ra dng s cho nn phi c qu trnh chuyn i,x l ri mi hin th ra kt qa.

4.3 Lu iu khin. Lu gii thut di y dung nh lng 50 kg.

Start

Hin th tiu

Tt cc tn hiu dk motor

M motor cp liu

If kl =50 Ngng motor cp liu Thng motor cp liu Hin th kl ra LCD

ng
While kl >0 M motor x liu

sai
Ngng motor x liu stop

Hnh 4.12 lu iu khin 4.4 Vit chng trnh. Hin nay c rt nhiu ngn ng lp trnh cho vi iu khin v vi x l,ty vo s thch v th mnh ca mi ngi chn cc ngn ng khc nhau.Tong ti ny s dng ngn ng bascom v bascom l mt trong nhng ngn ng thng dng nht c nhiu ngi s dng lp trnh cho vi iu khin. Giao din u tin ca bascom khi vit chng trnh.

Hnh 4.13 Giao din u tin ca bascom khi vit chng trnh.

 Giao din khi ang vit chng trnh

Hnh 4.14 Giao din khi ang vit chng trnh.

Sau khi vit chng trnh xong ta tin hnh np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. Di y l giao din khi np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. Trong ti s dng mch np cng com,s dng phn mm ponyprog2000 np cho vi iu khin.

Hnh 4.15 Giao din khi ang np chng trnh cho vi x l Chng trnh iu khin. Chng trnh iu khin trong ti nh lng khi lng l 50 kg,nu mun nh lng khi lng khc cn thay s 50 bng khi lng cn nh lng vo v np li chng trnh cho vi iu khin. Di y l chng trnh: $regfile = "m32def.dat" $crystal = 8000000 'KHAI BAO CAU HINH VA KET NOI LCD Config Lcd = 20 * 4 Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portb.4 , Db5 = Portb.5 , Db6 = Portb.6 , Db7 = Portb.7 , E = Portb.3 , Rs = Portb.2 Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto Config Pina.0 = Input Config Portd = Output 'KHOI DONG ADC Start Adc 'CHUONG TRINH CHINH 'HIEN THI CAC TIEU DE Locate 1 , 1 Lcd "DH NONG LAM TPHCM" Locate 2 , 4 Lcd "KHOA CK&N" Locate 3 , 4 Lcd "CHUYENH NGHANH" Locate 4 , 1

Lcd "DIEU KHIEN TU DONG" Wait 6 Cls Locate 1 , 1 Lcd "DE TAI TOT NGHIEP" Locate 2 , 1 Lcd "UNG DUNG VDK" Locate 3 , 1 Lcd "TRONG CAN TU DONG" Wait 6 Cls 'khai bao bien Dim Gtso As Word Dim Gtsotrungbinh As Word Dim Gtdienaptuongtu As Single Dim Khoiluong As Single Dim Hienthi As String * 20 Dim N As Integer Dim Khoiluongsosanh As Word 'ngat tin hieu dieu khien motor Reset Portd.3 Reset Portd.5 Reset Portd.7 Cls Locate 1 , 2 Lcd "DANG CAN" Locate 2 , 2 Lcd "KHOI LUONG:" Locate 3 , 2 'motor cap lieu ' motor xa lieu 'thang motor cap lieu

Lcd Hienthi Locate 3 , 10 Lcd "kg" Waitms 50 Do 'mo motor cap lieu Set Portd.3 Reset Portd.5 Reset Portd.7 If Khoiluongsosanh < 50 Then Locate 2 , 1 Lcd Hienthi 'momotor cap lieu Set Portd.3 Reset Portd.5 Reset Portd.7 End If 'lay gia tri trung binh de tranh nhieu Gtsotrungbinh = 0 For N = 0 To 99 Gtso = Getadc(0) Gtsotrungbinh = Gtso + Gtsotrungbinh Next Gtsotrungbinh = Gtsotrungbinh / 100 'CHUYEN DOI A/D 'tinh tro nguoc tro lai dien ap dau vao tuong tu Gtdienaptuongtu = 1000 * Gtsotrungbinh chieu '1000 mV dien ap tham ' 'motor cap lieu 'motor xa lieu 'thang motor cap lieu

'lay gia tri tuong tu da chuyen sang gia tri so va tinh trung binh

Gtdienaptuongtu = Gtdienaptuongtu / 1023 'tinh khoi luong Khoiluong = 1.0989 * Gtdienaptuongtu Khoiluong = Khoiluong - 13 Khoiluongsosanh = Khoiluong '1.0989 la he so da lam tron va duoc xac dinh tu cong thuc: (500*Gtdienaptuongtu)/(9.0905*50) '500 la tai trong toi da cua loadcell '50 la he so khuyech dai '9.0905 la dien ap ra cua loadcell khi cap nguon nuoi 5V tuong ung voi tai trong toi da '13 la khoi luong cua ban can ban dau luan de len loadcell If Khoiluongsosanh >= 50 Then Reset Portd.3 Set Portd.7 Wait 1 Reset Portd.7 While Khoiluongsosanh > 0 Set Portd.5 Wend End If Reset Portd.5 Reset Portd.7 Set Portd.3 'ket qua co phan thap phan Hienthi = Str(khoiluongsosanh) Hienthi = Fusing(khoiluongsosanh) Locate 2 , 1 Lcd Hienthi

Loop End Kt qu: Sau khi hon thnh phn c kh,phn in t v phn mm iu khin ta tin hnh lp cc mch vo in cho n nh tin hnh qu trnh cn v kim tra.V m hnh cn t ng ch l mt phn trong qui trnh sn xut bt trt tng do iu kin khng cho php nn khng tin hnh nh lng trn h thng sn xut c.Cho nn khi tin hnh qu trnh nh lng v iu khin ta dng vt t ln bn cn thay cho qu trnh vt ti cp liu. V qu trnh nh lng l t vt c khi lng cn cn ln bn cn do khng s dng n motor cho nn ta ni ba role vi ba bng n quan st qu trnh iu khin.Trong ti s dng ba role iu khin hai motor,trong :hai role iu khin hai motor cp v x liu mt role thng notor cp liu. Sau y l mt s kt qu t c trong qu trnh nh lng: Ngi o Ngy thc hin: Khi lng ca vt(dng cn ng h cn)(kg) Khi lng cn c Sai s

KT LN V NGH
Kt lun: Sau mt thi gian thc hin, ti p ng c yu cu t ra l:Thit k cn t ng iu khin bng vi x l,chn loadcell,thit k mch khuych i,mch hin th gi tr o,mch iu khin motor,vit chng trnh iu khin,cho mch chy v kho nghim vi chnh xc tng i cao, V phn cng: thit k m hnh my ph hp vi loi loadcell c sn . theo di cc thng s khi lng trn LCD. V phn cng in t:cc mch in t hot ng tt,kh nng chng nhiu tng i cao. ngh: C th ng dng trong cc qu trnh sn xut c lin quan n nh lng v khi lng,nht l trong khu ng gi sn phm nh:ng gi xi mng,bt trt tng,v cc sn phm ri dng ht c kch thc nh. nh lng chnh xc hn v chng nhiu nn dng thm vi loadcell ni song song,khi Mi loadcell ti mt u ra c lp, thng 1mV n 3 mV/V. u ra kt hp c tng hp da trn kt qu ca u ra tng loadcell.

V phn mm: vit c chng trnh iu khin theo yu cu,c th