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Kvb Kvb wkK AvQb hviv miKvii GB cvcb GKeviB gvbb bv| G cm, hkvii GK wk
MelKi cvVvbv KBm vwW Abyhvqx, Avgv`i GK wkK ejQ,covbv bv Kij Avgiv Zvgv`i
AekB gvie, Zvgiv hv KiZ cvi Ki, cqvRb PvKwi Qo `e wK miKvii G Av`k gvbe bv
(Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|

kvixwiK kvwi NUbvq Z` KwgwU MVb Kiv Ges `vlx ewi kvwi welqwU Zgb KvhKi nQ
ej Avgiv gb Kwibv| Avgv`i MelYvq Avgiv GB welqK Kvb Z_ cvqwb| Avgv`i MelYvi
Z_vbyhvqx, `wjZ I cwZex wkiv zj wkK Ges wkv_x Dfqi vivB kvixwiK wbhvZbi
wkKvi nq| Avgv`i MelYvq DV GmQ, cwZex wk`i jLvcovi Rb yj _vKjI mLvb
wkiv wbhvZbi wkKvi nQ| GB KviY AwffveKiv Zv`i mvb`i mLvb cvVvZ AbvMnx
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
Avgv`i MelYvi Avgiv `LwQ, wkiv ay yj ev cwievii gaB kvixwiK kvwi wkKvi nqbv|
wk cwievi Ges wKkvi DbqbK`mn hmKj wkiv MnKg wbqvwRZ ZvivI cwZwbqZ wewfb
aibi kvixwiK kvwi wkKvi nq|
mycvwik

RvwZmsN KwgwUi mgvcbx cheY wk`i Dci kvixwiK kvw e evsjv`k miKviK
h mKj welq evevqb I c`c MnY KiZ mycvwik Kiv nqQ Zv iZmn weePbv Ki
`Z evevqb KiZ ne|

zj, gv`vmvMvgx wki cvkvcvwk miKviK wekl Pvwn`v mb/cwZex wk Ges wewfb
KvR wbqvwRZ wk`i Dci kvixwiK kvw ei Rb AvBb Zwi Ges Zvi h_vh_ cqvM
KiZ ne|

wk`i Dci kvixwiK kvw e miKvi BZvga h mKj AvBb KiQ, Zv h_vh_
evevqb KiZ ne| G Acivaxi kvwi welqwU wbwZ KiZ ne Ges kvwi aib
nZ ne hyMvchvMx|

wk`i Dci kvixwiK kvw e miKvi BZvga hmKj c`c MnY KiQ m mKj
welq RbMYi gvS hb Kvb Z_MZ AcZzjZv Ges wevw bv _vK mRb miKviK
cPvi Kvhg PvjvZ ne|

wk cwievi Ges wKkvi Dbqb K` GLbv kvixwiK kvw PjQ| miKviK iZi mv_
welqwU `LZ ne Ges Acivax`iK AvBbi AvIZvq AvbZ ne|
bvMwiK AwaKvi Ges ^vaxbZv |

15

cvwievwiK cwiek I
weK mev

cvwievwiK cwiek I weK mev

2.1 cwievii evBi _vKv wk

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY miKvii hmKj mycvwik Kiv nqQ Zvi ga DjLhvM, weK
mev eev ewi Kvhg evovbv; cKwfwK D`vMi cwieZ mev cwZvbjvK cvwievwiK
Aven Mo Zvjv; wki Aev g~jvqb mgxv cwiPvjbv Ges Zv`i Rxebgvb I mev evovZ
c`c MnY Kiv; mev cwZvbi Kgx`i cwkY `Iqv Ges wk`i AwfhvM Rvbvbvi myhvM
ivLv; wkiv hb myweavRbK mgq cwZvb _K Zv`i cwievi diZ hZ cvi Zvi Rb
cqvRbxq eev bIqv| GB welq, ivci cwZe`b wewfb cwZvb Pvjy Kivi K_v ejv
nqQ, hgb: ewe nvg, W Kqvi mUvi, myweavewZ gq wk`i Rb cybevmb K` BZvw`|
ivci cwZe`b wewfb cwZvb Pvjy Kivi K_v ejv njI Gjvi ewki fvMB cKwfwK
Ges cixvg~jK, Gjv vqx Kvb D`vM bq| GQvov, GB mKj cwZvb mevi YMZ gvb
Kgb Ges Zv wKfve cwiexY Kiv nq m welq cwZe`b wevwiZfve DjL Kiv nqwb|
mgvcbx cheY ejv nqQ, wkiv hb myweavRbK mgq cwZvb _K Zv`i cwievi diZ
hZ cvi Zvi Rb cqvRbxq eev bIqv| wK wk`i MelYvq cv Z_vbyhvqx, AvkqK`i
wkiv chv mev cvQ wKbv Ges wbqgvbyhvqx cwievi wdi hZ cviQ wKbv m welq miKvii
KvQ Kvb Z_ bB|
cwievii evBi AvkqK` _vKv wkiv wewfb aibi kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbhvZbi wkKvi nq|
Giga AbZg, mgq gZv Lvevi bv cvIqv, kvixwiK I gvbwmK kvw c`vb, cwZvbi SuywKc~Y
Aev (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012) BZvw`| PvB cvUKkb gyfgU (wmwcGg) Gi
cwZe`b Abyhvqx, AvkqK` (miKvwi, emiKvwi I ew cwiPvwjZ) emevmiZ wkiv
AbK b~bZg hZ _KI ewZ nQ| GgbwK wkiv kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbhvZbi gZv wk
AwaKvi cwicw AvPiYi wkKvi nQ|
miKvwi, emiKvwi I ew cwiPvwjZ AvkqK`i gvU 500 Rb Z_`vZv wki ga 330 RbB
ejQ Zviv wewfb mgq kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbhvZbi wkKvi nqQ| Avgv`i MZ cKvwkZ
Z_vbyhvqx, AvkqK` (GwZgLvbvZ) wk`i w`q wewfb fvwi KvR I mvnvh Zvjvi KvR Kivbv
nq| GgbwK mwVKfve bv KiZ cvij wk`iK kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbhvZb Kiv nq| GLvb
wk`i gZcKvki myhvMI Lye mxwgZ| wmwcGg Gi MelYv Abyhvqx, AvkqK`i wkiv Zv`i
mgmv nj AbK KvDKB ejZ cvibv| 500 Rbi ga 220 Rb wkB ejQ Zv`i
mgmvmg~n Zviv Kviv KvQ ejZ cviwb| wk`i gZvgZ Abyhvqx, Zviv Zv`i fwelZ mK
AwbqZvi gvS w`bvwZcvZ Ki| GBmKj AvkqK` cwZex wk _vKvi ciI Zv`i Rb Kvb
iKg wekl hZi myhvM ev eev Kv_vI bB (PvB cvUKkb gyfgU cwZe`b 2012)|

cvwievwiK cwiek I weK mev

| 19

mgvcbx cheY wewfb mev c`vbKvix cwZvbjvK cvwievwiK Aven Mo Zvjvi Rb ZvwM`
`Iqv njI miKvi G evcvi Kvb D`vM MnY Kiwb| c_wk`i cybevmbi Rb miKvi h
c`c MnY KiQ Zv h_ bq| miKvii cwiPvwjZ cwZvbjvi Kvhgi h_
cwiexYi Afve iqQ| wmwcGg Gi MelYv Abyhvqx, c_wkiv ekxifvMB gv evevnxb| Zv`i
cwZwU g~Z KvU SuwzKc~Y cwiwwZZ| Zv`i bv AvQ GKUz gv_v MuvRvi VvB, Lvevii msvb I
wbivcv|
Z_c`vbKvix 2000Rb (gq 700, Qj 1300) c_wki ga 1500 Rb wkB wcZv-gvZv I fvBevbnxb ev KviI evev gv _vKjI Kvbic hvMvhvM bB ej DjL KiQ| G`i ga GKeQi
hveZ c_ _vK GiKg wki msLvB ekx| wPwKrmvi avi KvQI hZ cvibv AbKB| cwZw`bB
Zviv gvvb, cywjk, gvwjK ev h Kvb eo gvbyl viv wbhvZbi wkKvi nQ| 1600 Rb Z_c`vbKvix
ejQ Zviv wewfb mgq wbhvZbi wkKvi nqQ| ivZ Nygvbvi wbivc` vb bv _vKvq I`i AbKB
hb wbhvZbi wkKvi nq| Z`ycix GB wbhvZbi evcvi Zviv Kvbic AvBbvbyM cwZKviI cvqbv
(PvB cvUKkb gyfgU cwZe`b 2012)|
Avgv`i MZ cKvwkZ Z_vbyhvqx, gq wkiv cwZwbqZ wewfbfve wbhvZbi wkKvi nq (Avgv`i
M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2011)|

c_wk`i ekxifvMB Rvbbv wk wnme Zvi wK wK AwaKvi iqQ| wmwcGg Gi cwZe`b

Abyhvqx, Zviv GK fqvbK gvbevwaKvinxb SzuwKc~Y cwiek cwZwbqZ msMvgi gvS euP _vK|
wk`i gZ, Dciv cwiwwZ Zv`i kvixwiK, gvbwmK I jLvcovi mgmvi mw Ki|
Zviv gb Ki h, mgvRi jvK, miKvi I AvBb cqvMKvix msv Zv`i GBme mgmvi mgvavb
KiZ cvi|
miKvi myweavewZ gq wk`i Rb cybevmb K` Pvjy KijI Zv h_ bq| hbKgxi wkiv
GLbv Zgb Kvb myweav cvQ bv Ges miKvwifve cybevmbi Kvhg Zv`i msLvi Zzjbvq
h_ bq|
mycvwik

miKvwi Ges emiKvwi AvkqK`i YMZ gvb Dbqbi Rb miKvii c _K

cwiexY evovZ ne|
2.2 wbhvZb I wbcxob
RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY mycvwiki ga DjLhvM, wbhvZb I wbcxob welq
RbmPZbZvg~jK Awfhvb Rvi`vi Kiv Ges Z_ Rvbvbv; wk`i wbq hviv KvR Ki
(ZveavbKvix, wkK, mgvRmex, wPwKrmv Kgx, cywjk I wePvi wefvMi m`m) Zv`i wk
AwaKvi welqK cwkY wbwZ Kiv; wki AwaKvi I KjvY wbwZ KiZ cviwUs Kgm~wP I

20

| cvwievwiK cwiek I weK mev

`Zv welqK cwkYi gvag cwieviK mg_ Kiv; wbhvZb I wbcxobi wkKvi wki cwZ
mnhvwMZv ew Ges IB Aev _K DiY, civgk I cybevmbi chv eev Kiv BZvw`|
ivci cwZe`b ejv nqQ wbhvZbi wkKvi wk`i Rb cqvRbxq mev I civgk c`vbi
gvag mgvR cybevmbi j mgvR mev Awa`i I mgvRKjvY gYvjq wewfb iKg Kvhg
Pvwjq hvQ| Giga DjLhvM nQ wbhvZb I wbcxobi wkKvi wk Ges myweavewZ wk`i
Avkq K`, Af_bv K`, wbivc` Avevmj Ges cwkY I cybevmb K` vcb BZvw`|
GQvovI wbcxobi wkKvi bvix I wk`i gvbwmK Aevi DbwZi Rb miKvi RvZxq Ugv KvDwjs
mUvi cwZv KiQ hLvb webvg~j civgk/mev `qv nq| Rjv chvq bvix I wk`i wei
wbcxob cwZnZ Kivi Rb Rjv ckvmKi D`vM KwgwU MVb Kiv nqQ, h KwgwU bvix I
wk`i wbhvZbi mvweK cwiwwZ DjL Ki mswk gYvjq cwZe`b Rgv `q|
miKvii cwZe`b AbK D`vMi K_v ejv njI, miKvii cwZe`bi mv_ Avgiv mv_
cyivcywi GKgZ cvlY Kwibv| hgb: RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY ivci Pjgvb KgKvi
Rb chv jvKej I Avw_K eiv evovbvi mycvwik Kiv nqQ wK miKvwi cwZe`b G welq
h_ Z_ cgvY bvB| GQvov cwievii wfZiI wkiv bvbv aibi wbhvZb I wbcxobi wkKvi nq
ZviI h_ Z_ cgvYmn DjL bvB|
Avgv`i MelYvi Z_vbyhvqx, wkiv cwievi wfZi mePq ewk wbhvZbi wkKvi nq (Avgv`i
M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)| cwievi wkiv gv-evev A_ev KvRi gvbyli viv wbhvZb I
wbcxobi wkKvi nq| Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012 GB 6 gvm 6wU RvZxq cwKvq gvU 31 wU wk wbhvZb
welqK msev` cKvwkZ nq| hLvb wbhvZbKvixiv njv gv-evev, mr gv, AvZxq, cwZekx
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| GQvov, cvwievwiK Kjn Ges gv-evevi SMovi KviYI
cwievii ga wkiv wbR`iK Awbivc` gb Ki (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| gvevevi weevn weQ`i KviY 2 kZvsk wk, 5 kZvsk wKkvi-wKkvix welYZvq fvM (Avgv`i
M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
RvbvZi (Qbvg) gv-evev ZvK dj w`q Ab RvqMvq Pj MQ| m Zvi Lvjvi evmvq _vK| wK,
mLvb m Lvevi cvq bv| ZvB cUi `vq m wfv Ki eovq ivvq ivvq (Zvmwgqv Zvevm&myg
gvnbv, wk MelK, gnicyi, Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012, c-24)|
evev gvqi SMov welq e` RbMvxi GKRb wk ej, Avevq Avi gvq gvS gvSB KvBv Ki|
Znb AvgvMv Lye fq nq| Znb gvq ivM KBiv Zvi evci evwo PBjv hvq Avi AvmZ Pvq bv | Znb
AvgvMvi Lye Lvivc jvM| Avwg QvW ZviciI nvgvi Avbv (ivbv) Kivq (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb
2012, c-24)|

cvwievwiK cwiek I weK mev

| 21

cwievi Lvevi c`vb, gZvgZ cKvk, AskMnYi gq wkiv elgi wkKvi nq| wk
MelK`i cvVvbv M cwievii ga GB aibi elgi wP dzU DVQ| hgb: GKwU wki
cwievi Qj gq elgi
KviY evev gv gqi Pq
QjK Zvi gZ cKvki ewk
^vaxbZv w`Q, jLvcovi
my w eav cvIqvi I
QjK cvavb ekx w`Q,
hw`I gq wkwU Qj
wkwUi PvBZ covkvbvq
fvj|
MnKg wbqvwRZ wk`iK
cybevmb Kivi j mgvR
KjvY gYvjqi Aaxb
miKvi c`c wbqQ|
ev e M n Kg wbqvwRZ
wkiv GLbv wbhvZb I wbcxobi wkKvi nQ| KvR mwVKfve KiZ bv cvij Zviv cvqkB
MnKZv/KZx KZK wbhvwZZ nq _vK| GgbwK Zv`iK cwievii mv_ mvvZ Kivi RbI Kvb
mgq `Iqv nqbv|
c_wk`i LvIqv-`vIqv I covbv Abvb myhvM myweavi wbwZ Kivi Rb miKvi 6 wU ewe nvg,
3 wU BbwwUDU cwZv KiQ| Avgiv gb Kwi, evsjv`ki c_wk`i msLvi Zzjbvq GB
D`vM LyeB AcZzj| Avgv`i MelYvq Avgiv `LwQ, mvgvwRK wbivcvi Afve c_wkiv wewfb
AcKg I Aciva Rwoq ci (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i, 2010)| Avgv`i MilYvq Avgiv
`LwQ, XvKv kni ewevmx wk I Rbfv Kv emevmiZ wkiv bvbv aibi wbhvZb I
wbcxobi wkKvi nq| Rbfv Kvi wk`iK w`q Aeqm evaZvg~jKfve GgeqWvix,
KviPzwci gZ kgmva I DcvRbkxj KvR Kivbv nq Ges Avq bv KiZ PvBj Zviv wbhvZbi
wkKvi nq|
mycvwik

miKvii MnxZ c`cmg~ni h_vh_ evevqb Ges gwbUwis Kiv; G LvZ evRU Aviv
evovbv Ges mevg~jK cwZvbi msLv Aviv evovbv cqvRb|

AZ: 14eQii Kg eqwm Kvb wkK hb MnKg wbqvwRZ bv Kiv nq m evcvi

miKvii AvBb Ges Zvi cqvM Rvivjv Kiv|

wkvi myhvM _K ewZ nq h mKj wkiv DcvRbg~jK KvR hy nZ eva nQ mB

mKj wk`iK zj AvbZ miKvi wekl aibi zji eev Pvjy KiZ cvi| G
Zv`i Rb Dcewi cvkvcvwk wewfb ewg~jK wkv Pvjy KiZ cvi|
22

| cvwievwiK cwiek I weK mev

gwjK ^v I
wk KjvY

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

3.1 evjweevn I evjweevn cwZiva

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY evjweq I Rvic~eK weqmn Qj-gq`i ^v Ges weKvki
wZKi hmKj c_vMZ PPvmg~n iqQ Zv wbwl KiZ `Z AvBwb c`c wbZ mycvwik
Kiv nqQ| KwgwU `ki me wekl Ki Mvg GjvKvq GB mKj wZKi PPvmg~n cwZiva I
cwZKvi KiZ mKj chvqi RbMvxK m Ki GKwU Rvi mse`bkxj mPZbZvg~jK
Kgm~wP Pvjyi Rb miKviK Avnvb KiQ| ivci cwZe`b DjL Kiv nqQ, GLbv A
eqm Ges Rvic~eK gq`i weq `qv evsjv`k GKwU eo mgmv| hw`I MYgvagi wewfb
mPZbZvg~jK Kvhg, AvBb cqvM Ges GbwRImg~ni Kvhgi dj evjweqi nvi Kg
AvmQ| AwffveK, wkK, agxq bZv, mvgvwRK cwZwbwa I wkiv wekl Ki gqiv GLb
evjweqi Kzdj mK Aviv ewk mPZb Ges GwU cwZivaI Zviv AMYx f~wgKv cvjb KiQ|
RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheYi mv_ Avgiv cyivcywi GKgZ njI, miKvi Zvi cwZe`b hv
DjL KiQ Zvi mv_ Avgiv m~Y GKgZ nZ cvwiwb|
evjweq I Gi mv_ mswk c_v hgb hZzKi KviYB gqiv evjweqi wkKvi nQ ewk|
wekl Ki Mvg GjvKv, ewmg~n Ges `yMg GjvKvq GB nvi AbK ewk| miKvii G eei
mv_ Avgiv GKgZ| Avgv`i MelYvq Avgiv GKB aibi wP `LZ cqwQ| hgb: Pi
GjvKvq evjweqi msLv GKeviB Kgwb| GKwU emiKvwi Dbqb msvi Rwic Abyhvqx
Pidvkbi Mvgvj kZKiv 65 fvM wKkvi-wKkvix evjweqi wkKvi nQ (30 Ryb, 2012,
cv-16, hyMvi; Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| MvBevv Rjvi 7wU DcRjvq m^i
2011 Z gvU 100wU evjweevn AbywZ nqQ (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)| Avgiv
wk`i mv_ `jxq AjvPbvi gvag RvbZ ciwQ, wKQz wKQz GjvKvi evjweevn GKwU wbqwgZ
NUbv| evjweq cm GKRb wki ee njv A eqm Kvi Kq Rvwb bv, Ze Avgv`i
GjvKvq Qj gq`i weq nq 8-14 eQi eqm (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012, c-24)|
miKvii cwZe`b ejv nqQ AvBb cqvMi gvag ^iv gYvjq evjweq cwZiva mwq
f~wgKv cvjb KiQ| Avgiv Avgv`i MelYvq Gi wecixZ wP `LZ cqwQ| evjweevn
cwZiva GLbv AvBb cqvM h_ `yejZv iqQ| evjweevni mv_ RwoZ`i kvw c`vb Kiv
nqbv ejjB Pj| RyjvB-wWm^i 2011 GB Qq gvm RvZxq I vbxq `wbK 6wU cwKvq cKvwkZ
nqQ gvU 24wU evjweevn cwZiva welqK| Giga gv 1wU NUbvq kvw c`vb Kiv nqQ|
GgbwK, AvBb cqvMi mv_ hy ew`i mnvqZvq I DcwwZZB evjweevni NUbvI Kg
nQbv (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 25

eywoPs DcRjvq 150,000 UvKvq fvov Kiv nwjKvi mvBcvm cevmx ei 8g kwY coqv KbK
weq Ki wbq Avm wbR evwoZ| D weqZ vbxq Gg.wc, Rb cwZwbwa, cmvkb Ges GjvKvi
MYgvb eweMi AskMnY wQj PvL covi gZv| GjvKvevmx ejQ evjweevn cwZiva ckvmb
Kvb AvBwb c`c bqwb (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
eAvBwb nIqvq evjweq w`Z fq cvwQj ei I Kb c| wK AvBwb evav gvKvwejv Kivi `vwqZ
wbq Qj gqi weq w`jb gnicyi cimfvi `yB IqvW KvDwji| gqwU gnicyi miKvwi
evwjKv DP we`vjqi l kYxi Qvx| Qj miKvwi evjK we`vjqi Ag kYxZ co| `yB
cwieviK Zviv ejb, AvBb Zuv`i nvZ| Zuviv hv ejeb ZvB-B ne| Zv`i fq cywjk weq ei
Kvb c`c bqwb (`vwqZ wbq evjweevn w`jb `yB KvDwji GB wkivbvg cwZe`bwU cv-24,
21 g, 2012, c_g Avjv cwKvq cKvwkZ nq; Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012, c-31|)

miKvi Zvi cwZe`b MYgvagi wewfb mPZbZvg~jK Kvhgi BwZevPK cfvei K_v ejQ|
wK evjweevn cwZiva evsjv`k Uwjwfkb mPZbZvg~jK Abyvb cPvi KijI ew
gvwjKvbvaxb Uwjwfkb Pvbjmg~n GB aibi cPviYv LyeB Kg| wKQz wKQy GjvKv iqQ hLvb
Uwjwfkbi eenvi bB ejjB Pj| mB mKj GjvKvmg~n evjweevn cwZiva h_ cPviYvi
Afve iqQ|
mvaviYZ gqivB evjweq I Rvic~eK weqi wkKvi nq ewk| Avgv`i MelYvi Z_vbyhvqx,
Rvbyqvwi _K Ryb 2011 GB 6 gvm 6wU RvZxq I vbxq `wbK cwKvq evjweevn cwZiva welqK
gvU 17wU msev` cKvwkZ nqQ| GB msev` weklY Avgiv `LwQ, gvU 24 Rb wk evjweevn
_K iv cqQ| Zv`i ga 20 Rb gq wk Ges 4 Rb Qj wk| GgbwK Rvic~eK weqi
wkKvi nIqvq gq wk AvZwZ w`qQ Ggb NUbv weij bq|
Qj-gq`i weklfve gq`i ^v Ges weKvki evjweevni `xNgqv`x Ges
wZKi cfve iqQ, RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY GB welqmg~n DV AvmjI miKvi Zvi
cwZe`b GB welq mywbw` Kvb Z_ DjL Kiwb| mvaviYZ gqi eqm ewk nq Mj hZzK
ewk jvMe GB Avkvq AbKmgq gv-evev Kg eqm gqK weq `b| weqi ci eQi hZ bv
hZB AbK gq wk MfeZx nq co Ges mvb Rb `q| GB A eqm mvb Rb w`Z wMq
Zviv wewfb aibi kvixwiK wZi wkKvi nq| miKvii cwZe`b ejv nqQ, evjweevn I
`vwi`i ga kwkvjx mK iqQ| G eei mv_ Avgiv cyivcywi GKgZ| emiKvwi GKwU
Dbqb msvi Rwici Z_vbyhvqx, Pidvkb evjweqi wkKvi wk`i AwaKvsk `wi` cwievii
gq wk Ges G`i eqm 11 _K 15 eQii ga| Giga 80 kZvsk gqB SuywKc~Y Aevq
mvb aviY Ki| kvixwiK cwicZv Avmvi AvMB mvb aviY Kivq GB wkiv ik~YZv,
GKjvgwkqv, wLPzwbmn bvbvwea AmyZvi wkKvi nq| evPvi IRb Kg nIqvmn AbK kvixwiK I
gvbwmK cwZex beRvZK wki Rb nq (c-31, cv-16, 30 Ryb, 2012, hyMvi; Avgv`i M,
Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

26 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

cg kwYZ coZ Avjcbv (12)| ebv Avi b`x fvb me^ nvivbv f~wgnxb cwievii gqwU AfveAbUbi gaI we`vjq hZ wbqwgZ| BQv wQj jLvcov Ki cwievii cvk `uvove| `LZ mykx
nIqvq wewfb GjvKv _K jvKRb Avjcbvi weqi cve wbq AvmZ i Ki| jvKRbi wbqwgZ
AvbvMvbvq Zvi cwievi wmv bq weq `Iqvi| msmvii Afve Ges gvbyli cxovcxwoZ GK
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Avjcbv| m Zvi gv-evevK Rvwbq `q,GLb jLvcov Pvwjq hve| G Qvov eo evb AvjLvi weq
bv nIqv ch m weq Kie bv| GZ cwievii m`miv Avjcbvi cwZ z nq IV| welqwU wbq gv
Mvjg` Kij Avjcbv Awfgvb Ki kvevi Nii Avovi m Iobv cwPq Mjvq duvm w`q AvZnZv
Ki (c-33, 21 gvP, 2012,Kvji K; Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
gnicyi Rjvi mvbvcyi Mvgi gq iRbx| Zvi evev-gv ZvK 15 eQi eqm Rvi Ki weq w`q
`q| gv 16 eQi eqm m RgR mvbi gv nq| wK GB mvb Rb `Iqvi mgq m Rxeb-giYi
mv_ jovB Ki fvMg euP hvq (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

ivci cwZe`b DjL Kiv nqQ AwffveK, wkK, agxq bZv, mvgvwRK cwZwbwa I wkiv
wekl Ki gqiv GLb evjweqi Kzdj mK Aviv ewk mPZb Ges GwU cwZivaI Zviv
AMYx f~wgKv cvjb KiQ| Avgv`i MelYvq Avgiv `ki wewfb vb wk I mvgvwRK m`mMY
gq`i Rvi Ki weq `Iqv VwKqQb GB welqK Z_ cqwQ| cvkvcvwk Avgiv `LwQ
evjweevn VKvZ wMq Zviv bvbv aibi cwZKjZviI myLxb nQb| cwKvq cKvwkZ msev`
Abyhvqx, evjweevn cwZiva KiZ wMq PzqvWvvq GKRb gvbevwaKvi Kgx nvgjvi wkKvi nb|
Ni AvUK iL Zvi Dci AgvbweK wbhvZb Pvjvbv nq| ci GjvKvevmx Zv`i Dvi Ki
nvmcvZvj fwZ Kib (`wbK gv_vfvv, 30 Avei 2011; Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
mycvwik

`vwi`i KviY hnZz gqiv evjweevni wkKvi nq ewk| ZvB miKvii KvQ Avgv`i
mycvwik, gq`i Rb Dcew Kgm~wP Aviv mmviY Kiv Ges Dcew aygv gavi
wfwZ bv nq eis myweavewZ wk`i Rb nIqv cqvRb|

evjweevn cwZiva cPviYv evovbv weklfve `yMg GjvKvmg~n mLvbKvi DchvMx

cPviYv Kvhg Pvjvbv|

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wbwZ Kiv cqvRb|

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hw` wkK weq `b ev weqi AbygwZ `b ev wb`k `b, Ze Zv`iI GB kvw c`vb Kiv|

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 27

3.2 gv`K I gv`Kvmw

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY KwgwU GB welq DM cKvk KiQ| mgvcbx cheY mywbfve
ejv nqQ h, wkiv hvZ KvbfveB gv`KMnY Ges gv`K eemvi mv_ RwoZ bv _vK| hme
wk gv`K eenvi KiQ Zv`i Rb D`vM MnY weklfve Zv`i cybevmbi eev Kivi Rb
miKviK mycvwik KiQ (6 bs AbyQ` 65 Ges bs cqU)| ivci cwZe`b GB welq
mywbw` Kvb ee bvB|
Avgv`i MelYvi Z_vbyhvqx, wk a~gcvqx`i msLv w`b w`b evoQ| emiKvwi msv KvBb
di wKb Gqvi cwiPvwjZ GKwU Rwici Z_vbyhvqx, `ki a~gcvqx`i kZKiv 43.67% wk
eqm a~gcvb i Ki| 98.23% gvbyl gb Ki, wKkvi I ZiY`i gvS a~gcvbi ceYZv
evoQ| wkiv c_g wmMviU w`qB gv`K cek Ki (Avgv`i M RyjvB _K wWm^i 2011)|
evYevwoqv Rjvi wk MelKi cvVvbv GKwU KBm vwWZ `Lv hvQ, wkiv kLi ekB
a~gcvb KiQ|
[...GKRb] `wL a~gcvb KiQ! Zvi mv_ Aviv AbKB a~gcvb KiQ| G `L Avwg ZvK ewj h
Zviv Kb a~gcvb Kwim? a~gcvb Kiv ^vi Rb wZKi| a~gcvb KiZ KiZ Zviv GK mgq
gv`Kvm nq cowe| wK Zvi mv_ _vKv eziv ej h, Avb` ev gRv Kivi Rb a~gcvb Kwi
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)

miKvi cvewjK cm aygcvb ei AvBb KijI AvBbi h_vh_ cqvM bB| GB GKB MelYvi
Z_vbyhvvqx, cvewjK cm a~gcvb KiI 93% a~gcvqx GKevii RbI Rwigvbvi myLxb nqwb
(Avgvi `k, 19 deqvwi, 2012; Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi- Ryb 2012)|
wkiv gv`K mebi cvkvcvwk gv`K KbvePvqI Rwoq coQ| gv`Kvm wk I gv`K mwKZ
msev` Ges wk MelK`i KvQ _K cvIqv KBm weklY Ki `Lv hvq, wkiv gv`K`e mebi
cvkvcvwk evcKfve gv`K`e KbvePvi mv_ RwoZ nq coQ| ewkifvM GB wk`i
eqm 8 _K 17 eQii ga| wkiv hw` wbR BQvZI GB KvR KiZ Pvq ZeyI ZvK w`q GB
KvR Kivbv hvebv| wk`i gv`Kgy cwiek ivLZ ne| wK gv`K eemvqxiv gv`K wew Ges
cvPvi KiZ cvqB wk`i eenvi Ki _vK| KLbv wkiv Rb, KLbv bv Rb, Avevi KLbv
UvKvi jvf Gme KvRi mv_ hy nq co| weklfve mxgveZx wewfb GjvKvq ewkifvM
`wi` cwievii wkivB gv`K enbKvix wnme KvR Ki _vK| gv`K eemvqxiv wk`iK UvKvi
jvf `wLq GB KvR Kivq|
gv`K enb KiZ wMq Rvbyqvwi 2012 Z 2 Rb wk AvUK nq| GB `yBRbK RqcyinvU RywWwkqvj
Av`vjZ hkvi Rjvi cyji nvU wk mskvabx KvivMvi cvVvbvi Av`k `q| GB wkiv cywjkK
Rvbvq, Zv`i gZv Aviv 7 Rb wk gv`K enbi KvR Ki| Zviv wUwdbe gv`K enb KiQ|
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gv`K eemvqx (cv-06, 23 gvP 2012, Avgvi `k; Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

28 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY gv`Kvm wk`i cybevmbi eev Kivi welqwUK iZ `Iqv
nqQ| Rvbyqvwi 2013 mvj wk`i mv_ GKwU gZwewbgq mfvq wkiv ejQ, gv`Kvm
wk`i Rb miKvwifve c_K Kvb cybevmbi eev bB| hmKj emiKvwi gv`Kvmw
cybevmb mUvi AvQ mLvbI wk`i Rb Avjv`v Kvb KYvi bB|
mycvwik

gv`K KbvePvq wk`i eenvi ei Rb miKvwi I emiKvwifve eev MnY Kiv

cqvRb|

gv`Kvm wk`i wbivgqi Rb c_K gv`Kvmw cybevmb mUvi Zwi Kiv Ges hLvb
c_K mUvi Zwi Kiv me bq mLvb AZ: Avjv`v KYvi ivLv cqvRb|

3.3 cwZex wk
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KwgwU miKviK wk AwaKvi mb`i 23 bs AbyQ` I cwZex wki AwaKvi wbq mvaviY weewZ
b^i-9 (2006) evevqb Ges cwZex wki AwaKvi iv I evevqb KvR Kivi mycvwik KiQ|
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wk`i ga AvMfvMB cwZexZi jY mbv Kivi Rb D`vM bqv I mB Abyhvqx wPwKrmv
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m mg^q mvab Kiv, cqvRbxq ckvRxex (cwZex welqK wekl) I A_ RvMvoi welqwU
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AbyQ` 58 bs cqU)|
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wewfb Dcavivq cwZex ew`i mgvb AwaKvi I myhvM myweavi K_v ejv nqQ| G mKj AvBb
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weavb ivLv nqQ| mskvwaZ (Lmov) cwZex ew`i AwaKvi iv AvBb 2011 G cwZex
ewi AwaKvi cYqb I msvwqZ Kiv, cwZex`i cwiPqc c`vb, RvZxq chvq I DcRjv I
gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 29

RjvwfwK KwgwU MVb Ki cwZex`i AwaKvi myiwZ I wbwZ Kivi K_v ejv nqQ| RvZxq
wk bxwZgvjv 2011 Z mgvR cwZexZvi KviY wPwZ Ki mKj evev-gv I cwievii h_vh_
cwZKvig~jK eev MnY Dy Kivi cvkvcvwk cwZex wk`i cwievi hvZ ivxq mKj
AeKvVvgv I myhvM myweav fvM KiZ cvi Zvi Rb cqvRbxq mvnvh mnvqZv `qvi welq
cvwZvwbK evaevaKZv Avivc Kivi K_v ejv nqQ (6.2 bs AbyQ`)|
RvwZmsN mgvcbx cheY cwZexZv mbvKiY mev I wPwKrmv wbq DwMZv cKvk KijI
miKvwi cwZe`b GB welq wKQz ejv nqwb| RvwZmsNi cwZex welqK mb`i evevqb miKvi
Kvb cKvi c`c MnY Kiwb| RvwZmsN mgvcbx cheY h mKj D`vM MnY KiZ ejv
nqQ miKvwi cwZe`b mjv mywbw`fve DjL bvB|
miKvwi cwZe`b mvaviY yj cwZex wkK fwZ bIqvi K_v DjL _vKjI eve cwZex
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ejb h, XvKvi 5-6wU AwfRvZ zj ZvK fwZ bIqv nqwb| miKvwi zjjvZ cwZex
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Rvgvjcyii vbxq GKRb wk MelK ejb, Avwg Rvgvjcyi miKvwi evwjKv DP we`vjq
coZvg| Avwg KLbv mLvb Kvb cwZex wkK `wLwb| GgbwK miKvwi Rjv zjI cwZex
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miKvwi cwZe`b cwZex wki Pjvdivi DchvMx eev Ges UqjUi eev A_vr zj
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PvB cvjvgUi cKvwkZ Kgc Abyhvqx, zj cwZex wki msLv eoQ, wkKiv cwZex
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gvm XvKvZ AbywZ wk`i mv_ gZwewbg mfvq AskMnYKvix GKRb cwZex wk ejb h,
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eenvi bv Ki _vKZ nq|
miKvwi cwZe`b ejv nqQ cwZex wk`i Rb miKvi 55wU wkv cwZvb Pvjy KiQ|
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AcZzj| wkK`i msLvI cqvRbi Zzjbvq Kg Ges wkK`i mwVK cwkYiI Afve iqQ|

30 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

MZ RyjvB _K wWm^i, 2011 ch cwZex wk welq wk MelK`i gvU 2wU M Ges `wbK
RvZxq cwKv nZ 8 wU msev` cvIqv wMqQ| cv msev`/M weklY `Lv hvq, cwZex wkiv
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cwkKi c` iqQ| wK `xNw`b ai mmKj c`jv ga 2 Rb wkK I 1 Rb cwkKi c`
k~Y| GfveB PjQ ivRkvnxi GB cwZvbwU (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011, c-31)|

zj cwZex wk`i wbhvZbi K_v Zv`i AwffveK`i KvQ _K Rvbv hvq| eyw cwZex
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hvQb (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011, c-31)| G cm Dci DjwLZ gZwewbgq
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Dci DjwLZ gZwewbgq mfvq wkiv ejQ, cwZex BmyZ Avmv dvi eq mwVK LvZ
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eenvi KiQ|
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Kviv nQ| cwZex Ges AwUwK wki ga cv_K bv evSvi Rb cwZex wkK h DcKiY
mieivn Kivi K_v Zv mieivn Kiv nQ AwUwK wkK| 10wU AwUwK wkK Bj Pqvi Ges
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(`wbK Avgvi `k, 28 Avei 2010 cv-11)|
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(Bj Pqvii Rb cwZex Rveii zj hvIqv e, myt `wbK Avgvi `k, 28 Avei 2010 cv11)| mvaviY zjjv eQii iZ cvVeB cvq| A_P eQii gvSvgvwS mgq GmI cwZexiv eB
cvqwb| `w cwZex`i eBj cvVeBqi msKU _vK memgq| miKvi G welq Kvb D`vM bqwb|
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gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 31

cwZex wkiv hgb ivi KvQ wewfb AwaKvi _K ewZ nQ, Zgb cwievii gaI elgi
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ciB cwZeKZv mbv Ki wPwKrmv Kivbv hZ Zvnj `Z mgmv _K gyw cZ (Avgv`i M, RyjvBwWm^i 2011, c-31)|
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Dv wP, 12 Rbi ga 9 Rb AskMnYKvix wk Rvbvq h Zviv Amy nj ^vmev cvqbv (Avgv`i
M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011, c-32)|
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evvivgcyi 10 eQi wkKj evuav cwZex Kvgij

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Aviv Amy nZ _vK| c_g c_g ZvK iwk w`q eua ivLv nZv wK m iwk wQuo cvwjq hZ| ZvB
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2011, c-36,37)|

32 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

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c_gZ: miKviK cwZex wki mwVK msLv wbaviY Ges cwZexZvi aib I KviY wPwZ
Kivi Rb Rwic KiZ ne|

cvewjK cwimi weklfve mKj hvbevnb Ges wewfb cwZvb cwZex`i Rb cqvRbxq
Ges chv eev (ev_ig, iv wmwo, wjdU) wbwZ Kivi Rb D`vM wbZ ne|

cwZex wk`i Rb zjjvZ iv wmwoi eev Kiv A_ev c_g Zjvq Zv`i Kvmi
eev Kivi Rb miKvwifve wb`kbv Rvwi KiZ ne|

3.4 A^vfvweK wkgZz

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY Kgeqwm wk`i `~NUbv I AvnZ nIqvi SuzwK Z_v gZz Kgvbvi
Rb mevB wgj Ggbfve KvR KiZ ne hb wk gZznvi DjLhvM nvi Kg Ges NvwlZ
Dbqb jgvvq cQvbv hvq (6 bs AbyQ` 60 bs cqU, GgwWwR-4)| ivci cwZe`b
GB welq Kvb DjL bB|
evsjv`k A^vfvweK wkgZzi NUbv DMRbK| RyjvB _K wWm^i 2010 GB mgq 6wU
RvZxq `wbK cwKvq cKvwkZ msev` `Lv hvq h, gvU 154 Rb wk A^vfvweK gZyi wkKvi
nqQ| hvi ga 61 Rb Qj Ges 84 Rb gq| hv`i eqm 5 _K 17 eQii ga (Avgv`i
M, RyjvB _K wWm^i 2010)| RyjvB nZ wWm^i, 2011 ch A^vfvweK wk gZz welq wk
MelK`i KvQ _K gvU 5 wU M, `wbK RvZxq cwKv nZ gvU 275 wU msev` Ges `wbK
vbxq cwKv nZ gvU 34 wU msev` cvIqv hvq| G mKj wk`i eqmmxgv nj beRvZK _K i
Ki 17 eQi ch| G mKj M I msev` weklY Ki `Lv hvq gvU 511 Rb wk A^vfvweK gZzi
wkKvi nqQ| wk`i gZzi KviYjv nj cvwbZ Wye hvIqv, Avb cvov, cvwievwiK Kjn,
AvZnZv, wj Ki nZv, RevB Ki nZv, alYi ci nZv, AcniY Ki nZv, we`yr gZz,
evwm wgw Lq gZz, fyj wPwKrmv I wPwKrmvi Aenjv, cP kxZ, mvci Kvgo gZz| cKvwkZ
cwZe`b weklY Ki `Lv MQ h, wkgZzi NUbvq cZ I civfve RwoZ ew`i
wei AvBbx eev MnY Kiv nhQ wK wePvi mb nIqvi Kvb msev` cKvwkZ nqwb|

Avwmdi eqm 1 eQi 2 gvm| m nVvr Amy nq coj ZvK Zvi evev-gv Wvvii KvQ wbq hvq|
Mvgi Wvvi Ilya wjL w`j Zvi evev GK dvgwm _K Ilya wKb ZvK LvIqvq| wK wKQzY ci
Zvi wLPzbx DV| ZvK Wvvii KvQ wbq hvIqvi mv_ mv_ Wvvi ZvK gZ NvlYv Ki| cieZxZ
Ilya cixv Ki `Lv hvq gqv` DxY nq wMqwQj (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
w`bvRcyi GK we`vjqi cvq 60 eQii cyivZb wews givgZi Afve am co 50 wkv_xi gZy
nqQ (WBwj mvb, 20 Ryb 2012)

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 33

iscyi kxZ ei nvnvKvi: 5w`b 28 wki gZy| miKvwi-emiKvwi nvmcvZvj m~ Rvbv hvq, iscyi
Aj wbgvwbqvq Avv nq 5 w`b gviv MQ 25 wk| cP Vvvq cwZw`bB wk gviv hvQ
(Avgvi `k,17 Rvbyqvwi, Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
A^vfvweK wkgZy welq vbxq msev`c _K 9wU msev` cvIqv hvq hvi ga 4 RbB gviv MQ
cvwbZ Wye, 2 Rb AvZnZv KiQ, 2 RbK nZv Kiv nqQ Ges 1Rb Amy nq gviv MQ
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

mycvwik

wk`i A^vfvweK wkgZz iva miKviK `Z Ges wekl D`vM MnY KiZ ne|

3.5 wk AvnZ I AmyZv

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY mePq SuzwKc~Y wk GLbv DbZ ^vmevi AvIZvq Avm wb|
wkgZz I Acywi wkKvi wki nvi GLbI ewk| GQvov cwZivahvM, cvwbevwnZ I msvgK
ivMi nviI ewk| wk`i `yNUbvi wkKvi I AvnZ nIqv, wekl Ki cvwbZ Wye gZz, ^vmev
cvwZ AmgZv Ges wUKv msMni Rb `vZvMvxi Ici wbfikxjZv eo hvIqv wbq KwgwU DM
cKvk KiQ (6 bs AbyQ` 59 bs cqU)| miKvii cwZe`b Gwelq Zgb Kvb welq DjL
Kiv nqwb|
Avgv`i MelYvq `LwQ, evsjv`k cwZ eQi AbK wk Amy nQ bvbv iKg fvBivmRwbZ
ivM| Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012, RvZxq msev`c _K wk AmyZv welqK gvU 24 wU msev` msMn
Kiv nqQ| GB msev`jv weklY Kij `Lv hvq gvU 464 Rb wk Amy nq co| wk`i
AmyZvi KviY wnme h welqjv DV Avm Zv nj: AwZwi Mig, cP kxZ, wbcv fvBivm,
ivUv fvBivm, gvm mvBKvwmm, Lvevi welwqv (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| GQvovI fzj
wPwKrmvi KviY wk gZzi nvi eoQ|
msev`jv weklY Kij `Lv hvq, cvKwZK KviY wkiv mePq ewk Amy nq coQ| A_vr
cP Mig wkiv ewk Amy nqQ| gnicyi, gvwbKM Ges MvRxcyi gvU 101 Rb wk Amy nq
kyaygv Mig| Giv GZvUvB Amy nq co h GB mKj wk`iK nvmcvZvj wbZ nqQ| GQvovI
PzqvWvvq ivUv fvBivm 70 Rb wk Amy nq co| jxcyi I MvcvjM KwgbvkK Ilya Lq 65
wkv_x Amy nq| G`i ga 22 Rb wkK nvmcvZvj fwZ Kiv nq| Avi evwK wk`iK cv_wgK
wPwKrmv `qv nq| Migi mgq wk`i KwgbvkK Ilya LvIqvbvi KviY wkiv Amy nq co
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012, RvZxq msev`c _K wk AvnZ welqK gvU 66 wU msev` cvIqv hvq, hvi
42 wU msev` wk AvnZ welqK| G msev`jv weklY Ki `Lv hvq gvU 71 Rb wk AvnZ
nqQ hvi ga gq wki msLv 22 Ges Qj wki msLv 49 Rb| A_vr gq`i Zzjbvq
Qj`i AvnZ nIqvi msLv wYi PqI GKUz ewk| wewfb KviY wkiv AvnZ nq| hgb34 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

Pzwii Acev` AvNvZ Kiv, MvQ _K dj cvov, LjvK K` Ki SMovi mw, Rwg msv weiva,
cvwievwiK c~ekZv, wjwe nIqv, Avb cvovbv, PZbv bvkK Lvevi LvIqvbv, mvmx`i
viv GwmW wbc, eRcvZ (cvKwZK `yhvM), cg msv NUbv, Pvi/ WvKvZ`i viv, cvwievwiK
weiva BZvw`| msev`jv _K Aviv Rvbv hvq, GB KviYjvi Rb wkiv bvbv aibi wZi
myLxb nQ| Avi GB wZjv nj kixi Sjm hvIqv, GwmW gyL cyo hvIqv, cy nq hvIqv|
AbK wkiv cvYI nvivQ| Avevi iZi AvnZ Aevq `xNw`b hveZ nvmcvZvj
wPwKrmvaxb AevqI iqQ AbK wk (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
XvKv gwWKj KjRi evb BDwbU fwZ Pvi eQii wk wjRv| wjRvK Zvi cwZewk Avb cywoq
`q| Qv wjRvi Aciva wQj m Zvi cwZekxi evwoi wUDeqj _K we Lvevi cvwb AvbZ
wMqwQj| AvBjv `yMZ GjvKvi gq wjRv, Zvi evwoZ we Lvevi cvwb bv _vKvq m Zvi cwZekxi
evwoZ cvq cwZ w`b cvwb AvbZ hZ| ay GB Aciva GKwU wki mg kixi Sjm Mj Avb
(hyMvi, 5 gvP 2012, cv-1, Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
gqgbwmsni CkiM `vIqvZ bv hvIqvq GwZgLvbvi 15 wkv_xK wcwUq AvnZ KiQ byi wgqv
bvgi GjvKvi GK cfvekvjx ew| wkv_x`i `vIqvZi K_v gb bv _vKvq Zviv `vIqvZ LZ
hZ cviwb| Avi GZ w nq byi wgqv Zvi `jej wbq Gm cavb wkKmn 15 Rb wkv_xK
wcwUq AvnZ Ki (Kvji K, 4 gvP 2012,cv-2, Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

cvwK RbMvxi wk`i mv_ dvKvm Mc AvjvPbvq AskMnYKvix wkiv Rvbvq h kg

wbqvwRZ wkiv ewk AvnZ nq wekl Ki MnKgi wbqvwRZ wkiv evwoi KvR KiZ wMq|
AskMnYKvix wkiv Aviv Rvbvq Mvgi wkiv ewk Amy nq mvc, ggvwQ I cvKv BZvw`i
Kvgo| AvnZ nIqv cm md nvgi GK wk ej GKevi Avgvi ejvq Kvgi w`wQj, Avgvi
kwij e_v nBqv Ri AvmwQjv, wZb w`b Ri wQj, ci Wvvi `nvBqv wVK nBwQ| AwaKvsk wkiv
ej nvmcvZvj wPwKrmvi Rb AbK UvKv jvM ZvB Zviv Wvvii KvQ hvq bv| GB cm Mvg
emevmiZ wkiv Rvbvq Zv`i evwo _K nvmcvZvj 7/8 wKjvwgUvi `~i nIqvi KviYI Zviv
nvmcvZvj bv wMq Mvg Wvvi A_ev KweivR w`q wPwKrmv Kivq| h me wkiv miKvwi
nvmcvZvj hvq Zv`i wfwRU Kg jvMjI wewfb U KivZ AbK UvKv LiP nq| `wjZ
mc`vqi AskMnYKvix GK wk ej, 6 UvKvi wUKU KvUwZ nqQ, Avi nvZ Gi KivBwZ
jvMQ 250 UvKv|

mycvwik

mePq SuzwKc~Y Aevi wk`i ^vmev wbwZ Kivi Rb wekl eev I cqvRbxq
c`c MnY KiZ ne| wekl Ki `yMg GjvKv hgb: Pi, nvIo Ges cvnvwo GjvKvi
wk`i Rb|

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 35

3.6 moK `yNUbv

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY ejv nqQ wk`i mKj cKvi wec` _K iv KiZ ne|
wbivc` hvZ Zviv Pjvdiv KiZ cvi m eev KiZ ne| ivci cwZe`b G welq wKQz
DjL Kiv nqwb|
Avgv`i MelYv Abyhvqx, MvwoPvjKi AmZKZv, RbMYi AmPZbZv, moK eevq wU BZvw`
KviY moK `yNUbvq AbK wk cvY nvivQ| RyjvB _K wWm^i 2011 RvZxq `wbK cwKv nZ
moK `yNUbv welq gvU 67 wU msev` cvIqv hvq| G msev`jv weklY Ki `Lv hvq, moK
`yNUbvq wkKvi wki msLv 134 Rb| G`i ga 6 Rb Qj, 6 Rb gq AvnZ Ges 40 Rb Qj,
79 Rb gq wbnZ Ges 3 Rb AvnZ wki msLv cvIqv hvq Zviv Qj bv gq Zv msev` DjL
wQj bv| RvZxq msev`c nZ moK `yNUbv welqK 144 wU msev` weklY Ki `Lv hvq, `yNUbvq
wkKvi wki msLv 271 Rb, Gi ga AvnZ wki msLv 49 Ges gZy nqQ 222 Rb wki|
`yNUbvjv NUQ wkiv ivv cvi nIqvi mgq, WvBfvi Ab MvwoK IfviUK KiZ wMq,
WvBfvii AmZKZvi Rb, ijjvBb w`q nuvUvi mgq Ub KvUv ci| ay moK c_B bq, b`x
c_I AbK `yNUbv NUQ| b`x c_ GgbB GKwU `yNUbvq cvY nvwiqQ 12 Rb wk|
wgimivBq GKwU moK `yNUbvq cvY nvivq gvU 41 Rb zj Qv| dzUej Ljv `L evwo divi c_
UvKwU D wbqY nvwiq ivvi cvki GKwU WvevZ co hvq| UvKwU cvwbZ covi AvMB UvKi
PvjK UvK _K jvwdq co cvwjq hvq (c_g Avjv, 12 AvM, Avgv`i M RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)
. . .nVvr PPvgwP bZ cvB cyKzii Aci cvki ivv _K| mLvb wMq `wL wZb eQii wk iZb
Mvwoi wbP Pvcv co gviv MQ| . . .(mvB`v mvbwR`v jvcv, wk MelK, evYevwoqv, Avgv`i M,
Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
wkv mdi hvIqvi c_ moK `yNUbvq wkK I Qv-Qvxmn AvnZ nqQ 30 Rb (Kvji K, 4
Rvbyqvwi, 2012,cv-22, Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)

mycvwik

moK `yNUbv welq miKviK evcKfve mPZbZv ewi D`vM wbZ ne|

wdUbmnxb Mvwo ivvq bv bvgvbv, UvwdK AvBb Rvi`vi Kiv, ` MvwoPvjK wbqvM
Kiv Ges cZKwU AvBbi h_vh_ cqvM wbwZ KiZ ne|

wbqwgZ ivv givgZ KiZ miKviK Aviv mP nZ ne|

3.7 beRvZK I gvZmev Ges mvweK cyw cwiwwZ

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY ejv nqQ wUKv msMni Rb `vZvMvxi Dci wbfikxjZv eo
hvQ (6 bs AbyQ` 59 bs cqU)| mgvcbx cheY Aviv ejv nqQ h, gwjK I wekl
^vmevi AwaKvi jvfi msLvjNy I Abvb RvwZMvxi wkiv hvZ elgi wkKvi bv nq
Zv wbwZ KiZ iv wekl c`c MnY Kie|
36 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

ivci cwZe`b `ki RbMYi ^v I cwievi KjvY msv welq h_vh_ mev c`vb
wbwZ Kivi ^v I cwievi KjvY gYvjq mswk cwZvb Rb KjvYg~jK KvR Ki hvQ|
gvq`i gvZKvjxb ^vmevmn beRvZK I wk ^v mev, cyw, kvixwiK I gvbwmK ^vmev,
msvgK I AmsvgK ivM msv ^vmev, GBPAvBwf I GBWmmn wKkvi-wKkvix`i cRbb
^vmev Kvhg g~jZ: ^v I cwievi KjvY gYvjq welq eo eo cKjv cwiPvjbv Ki
_vK (6.4 ^v I ^vmevmg~n)|
ivci cwZe`b ejv nqQ, wk`i wUKv `vbi nvi 1996 _K 1997 mvj 54.1% _K
ew cq 2007 mvj Zv 81% G DbxZ nqQ| mgvcbx cheY Abyhvqx, `vZvMvxi Dci
wbfikxjZv Kgvbvi K_v ejv nqQ| wK Avgiv gb Kwibv `vZvMvxi Dci GB wbfikxjZv
GLbI KgQ| GgbwK G welq mPZbZvg~jK Kvhgi Ask wnme wewfb w`emI wbqwgZ
D`&hvwcZ nQ bv|
RvwZmsN wk Znweji wek wk cwiwwZ 2011 Abyhvqx, evsjv`k cwZ nvRvi 22 wU wk
mgqi AvM Kg IRb wbq Rbvq| 11% wk AcwiYZ eqm Rb bqv I Kg IRbi KviY gviv
hvq, msgY gviv hvq 34%| msgY gviv hvIqv wk`i AaKB AcwiYZ Aevq Rbvq|
beRvZK gZzi AbZg cavb KviY mgqi AvM A IRb wbq Rb bIqv| RvZxq beRvZK ^v
Kkj-2009 Abyhvqx, 34 mvni wbP I 1800 Mvgi Kg IRb wbq Rbvj mB wkK
nvmcvZvj wbZ ne| wK DcRjv ^vK`Zv bqB Rjv nvmcvZvjjvZI wk`i
wPwKrmvi Dchy eev bB (1 Rvbyqvwi 2012 c_g Avjv)| beRvZK I gvZmev Ges mvweK cyw
cwiwwZ welq Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012 Z RvZxq msev`c _K gvU 72wU cwZe`b cvIqv hvq|
cwZe`b weklY `Lv MQ beRvZK`i h mev cvIqvi K_v Zviv Zv cvQ bv| MfKvwjb
mgq gvqi h cyw cqvRb Zv RvMvo KivI me nQ bv| eey kL gywRe gwWKj
wekwe`vjqi GKRb wkK I nws eweR we` Kgm~wPi cavb cwkK ejb h, mgqi AvM
Rbvbv wki me A-cZB _vK AcwiYZ| kixi h cwigvY Zvc _vKv `iKvi Zv`i Zv _vK
bv| `ya Pzl LvIqvi gZv _vK bv ej Lvevi cvKjxZ bv wMq dzmdzm Pj hvq Ges wki kvm
e nq hvq|
wcswK eMgi m` f~wg mvbK wbq cwievii GK eqvR bvix XvKv gwWKj KjR
nvmcvZvji cmeK _K beRvZK BDwbU QyUQb| (15 wWm^i weKj mvo wZbUv)| evBi
cwievii Ab m`m`i ikvm cZxv| wgwbU `kK ci ev wdi Gjb wkwUK eyK Pc|
ZZY wkwU gZ| wcswKi cwievii m`m`i mv_ K_v ej Rvbv hvq, wkwU wbw` mgqi AvM
RbwQj| wekliv ejQb, 37 mvn Mf _vKvi AvM Rb wbj m mgqi AvM Rbvbv wk
(wc-Uvg ewe) Rivqyi fZi Gme wki ew evavM I IRb Kg nq (c_g Avjv, 1 Rvbyqvwi
2012,cv-09, Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 37

Lv`i `vg w`b w`b eoB PjQ| BDwbmdi GKRb cyw wekl ejb, evsjv`k cyw
cwiwwZ GgwbZB bvRyK| mvaviYZ Lv`i `vg evoj gvbyl Lvevi ZvwjKv KvU-QvU Ki| ZLb
wk`i cywi Pvwn`v co gwKi gyL| `k cyw cwiwwZi Ggb envj `kv `L cywwe`iv
ejQb, cvwK cwievii wk`i Rb `ZB cyw hvMvb mnvqK Kgm~wP miKvii c _K MnY
Kiv DwPZ|
nvwmbv LvZzb Zvi GKeQi eqmx wk ivk`K Kvj wbq LB fvRZ wQjb Ggb mgq ivk` Lvevii
Rb Kua DV| nvwmbv LvZzb ivk` K fvZi mv_ jeY wgwkq LvIqvq| m ej Avwg cvq me mgqB
Avgvi wkK jeY wgwkq LvIqvB| KviY Avgvi BQv _vKjI wki Rb gvsm, gvQ A_ev Wvj msMn
KiZ cvwi bv| Avgv`i Kvb wbR^ Rwg bB, ^vgx w`b gRyii KvR Ki| nvwmbv LvZzb Rvbvq ivk`
AwaKvsk mgq wbDgvwbqvq fvM (Drm: wbD GR, 01 wWm^i 2011, Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i
2012)
ivKqv eMg iweDji gv| wZwb Rvbvb Avgvi BQv _vKv mZI 14 gvm eqmx iweDji Rb gvsm I
gvQ hvMvZ cvwi bv, nVvr nVvr wWg A_ev Wvj LvIqvbv me nq| Ze gvS gvSB wkK Mii `ya
A_ev cvIWvi wg LvIqvB| ivKqv eMg ejb, iweDj AwaKvsk mgq wbDgvwbqvq fvM (Drm:
wbD GR, 01 wWm^i 2011, Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2012)

31 wWm^i 2010 `wbK c_g Avjv cwKvq cKvwkZ msev` ejv nqQ h, evRvi ov `ya
m~Y RxevYy gy bq| evsjv`ki GKRb bvgKiv wk MelK ejb, evsjv`k h wkiv ov
`ya Lvq Zviv Wvqwiqv, wbDgvwbqv, UvBdqW, cyw, Kvb cuvKv, `ivM BZvw` ivM Avv nq
ekx| Amvay Kvvbxjv cYi jeji Mvq wk Lv`i cqvRbxq YMZ gvb m^wjZ (bKj)
jej eenvi Ki MvnK`i cZvwiZ KiQ ejI AwfhvM cvIqv MQ (`wbK hyMvi, Rvbyqvwi
10, 2011)| `ki wk Lv` AvBb 1984 _vKjI Gi Kvb cqvM bB|
wewfb GjvKvi cvwK RbMvxi wkiv hvZ elgi wkKvi bv nq Zv wbwZ KiZ mgvcbx
cheY miKviK wekl c`c MnY Kivi K_v ejv njI eve Avgiv Zvi cwZdjb `LZ
cvwQbv| miKvi G welq Kvb c`c MnY Kiwb eis GB elg w`b w`b eoB PjQ|
BDwbmdi GKwU cwZe`b `Lv hvq, evsjv`ki Ggb AbK Aj AvQ h Aji bvixiv
cmeKvjxb ^vmev Zv AbK `~ii K_v, Rxeb KLbv ^vKgxK PvLI `Lwb| Avi mB
K_v Zzj aib kicyi Rjvi kxei`x DcRjvi iLv igv| m Pvi mvbi Rbbx| Zvi `yB mvb
gviv MQ cmeKvj| Zvi c_g mvb gviv hvq Rbi `yBw`b ci Avi wZxq mvb gviv hvq `o
gvmi gv_vq| wZwb ejb Anb ch cwievi cwiKbvi gvVKgxK Avwg wPwb bv| Kv_v _K
Avm, Kx Ki ZvI Rvwb bv| cU evPv Gj wK LZ nq Zv Avgiv Rvwb bv| Ze AvgMvi
Mvivgi KweivR gvS-ga SvodzuK Avi cvwb cov w`Z (hyMvi 27 g, 2012)|

38 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

cvq 7000 RbmsLvi LvMovQwo Rjvi 07wU DcRjvi wewfb nvmcvZvj 127 Rb wPwKrmK _vKvi
K_v _vKjI eZgvb gv 42 Rb wPwKrmK `vwqZ cvjb KiQb| nvmcvZvji AeKvVvgv Ges
Jlac mieivn Ges eevcbvI LyeB `yej| 100 weQvbv mb MvBevv m`i nvmcvZvj gv 04Rb
wPwKrmK `vwqZ cvjb KiQb| hv`i cwZw`b Mo cvq 200 ivMx `LZ nq| ivMxiv Rvbvb, GLvb
cvqB wPwKrmv bv wbqB evwo wdi hZ nq (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
cme e`bvq KvZi GK bvix XvKv gwWKj KjR fwZ, h_vixwZ ciw`b AcPvii gvag GKRb
mvb cme Kijb| hLb KZeiZ wPwKrmK RvbZ cvib H gwnjv GKRb hbKgx ZLb ZvK IqvW
_K evBi eviv`vq Aevb KiZ ejb| KviY H wPwKrmK Gi aviYv H gwnjv hnZz hbKgx
myZivs GBWm Avv nZ cvib (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2010)|
gv`vixcyii bwoqv DcRjvi PviZv xc G cvq 5000 jvKi emevm| GLvbKvi GKgv KwgDwbwU
^v wKwbKwU cvi fvObi wkKvi nIqvi ci GjvKvevmx 2 eQi hver mKj aibi ^vmev _K
ewZ| DcRjv m`i _K xcwU cvq 10 wK.wg `~i nIqvq jvKRb kni _K cvq hvMvhvM
wewQb| ZvB ^vmevi GKgv gvag njv cvBfU dvgmx (wbD GBR, 30B bf^i, 2011)|

mgvcbx cheY webvg~j cv_wgK ^vmev c`vbi eev evovZ wekl Ki Rbi AvM I
ci wk I Zvi gvqi cwiPhvi welqwU iZmn weePbvq wbq cqvRbxq me eev MnY Kivi
K_v ejjI miKvi chv eev bqwb| miKvwi h mKj m`i nvmcvZvj, gv I wk KjvY K`,
KwgDwbwU wKwbK iqQ mLvb webvg~j cv_wgK ^vmev c`vb Kiv nQ bv| evsjv`k 20wU
wk cyw K` _vKjI mLvb wPwKrmK I wPwKrmv DcKiYi evcK AcZzjZv iqQ Ges
AwaKvsk gvbyl wk cywK` mK Rvbbv| cvq 80 jvL wk cywnxbZvq fzMQ|
RvwZmsN cheY DM cKvk Kiv nqQ, evsjv`ki wk gZz I Acywi wkKvi wki nvi
GLbv ewk wK ivci cwZe`b G welq Kvb DjL bB| wek ^v msvi gZ,
wbDgvwbqvi SuywKZ _vKv `ki ga evsjv`ki Aevb 5g| GLvb cwZw`b 130-140 Rb wk
wbDgvwbqvq Avv nq| eQi Mo cvq 50 nvRvi wk gZzeiY Ki D`ivgq (Wvqwiqv) ivM
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
wk`i mv_ gZwewbgq wkiv DjL KiQ, iv ci cwZe`b ejv nqQ evsjv`k eZvi I
Uwjwfkbi cvkvcvwk wewfb emiKvwi MYgvag wbivc` gvZZ, eyKi `ya LvIqvbv, wk I
wKkvi`i mylg Lv`fvm Mo Zvjvi Rb wewfb iKg Abyvb mcPvi KiQ| wK Avgiv `LwQ
emiKvwi MYgvagjvZ GB welq wevcb ev cPviYvi cwieZ Kwg wk Lv`i AvKlYxq
wevcb ev cPviYv Pvjvbv nq| AbK mgq Zv wk ^vi c DchvMx wKbv Zv weePbvI Kiv
nq bv|

mycvwik

emiKvwi MYgvagjvZ Kwg wk Lv`i welq wevcb ev cPviYv welq bxwZgvjv

cYqb Kiv Riix|

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 39

3.8 mvaviY ^v
mvaviY ^v welq RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY DjLhvM wKQz ejv bv njI miKvi Zvi
cwZe`b wewfb aibi D`vMi K_v DjL KiQ|
miKvii cwZe`bi mv_ Avgiv h welqmg~n hy KiZ PvB Zv njv: Avgv`i MelYvq Avgiv
wk`i mvaviY ^v welqK wewfb mgmv `LZ cqwQ| Giga DjLhvM nQ: Acwivi
UqjU, ebv`yMZ wk`i ^vmev, miKvwi nvmcvZvj wk`i wPwKrmv mev (Avgv`i M,
RyjvB- wWm^i 2011), wPwKrmKi c` k~Y _vKv, KvR Aenjv, Ilyai `vg ew, fRvj I bKj
Ilya wew, `~wlZ I AvmwbK hy cvwbi eenvi, wbggvbi WvqvMbwK mUvi I wKwbKi msLv
ew, fyqv wPwKrmK mR cZviYv BZvw`| wk`i msMnxZ KBm vwWZ GB mgmvmg~ni mv
iqQ|
biwms`xi K K BbwwUDkb bvgK evjK we`vjq cvq 2000 Qv Aaqb KiQ| A cwZvb Qv
Acv UqjUi msLv LyeB Kg| Zvi ciI h KqKwU UqjU AvQ ZvI Avevi GK`g Acwivi|
KZc welqwUi cwZ my-`w w`Qbv (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
ebv`yMZ GjvKvi wk`i Lv` msKU Pig AvKvi aviY Ki| mcwZ ebvKewjZ mvZxivq wkiv
cwZwbqZ Wvqwiqv, PgivM, GjvwRmn bvbvaibi cvwb evwnZ ivM Avv nQ| ebv`yMZ wk`i
^vmev cwiwwZ GZvUvB Lvivci w`K hvQ h Gfve PjZ _vKj wk`i Rxeb Pig SuywKi
ga coe (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
hkvii ij kbi cvk cvq 90% cwievi Szj cvqLvbv eenvi Ki| AwaKvsk evwojv cvqB
fRv muZmZ _vK| h KviY Gme cwievii wkiv wbDgvwbqv, Wvqwiqv, Ri, PgivMmn bvbv
ivM Avv nQ| Lv`i Afve wkiv AcywZI fyMQ| GLvbi wkiv mywPwKrmv cvQ bv
(Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
ivRcyi miKvwi cv_wgK we`vjqi Qv-Qvxiv AwfhvMi myi ej, wUDeqji gyL jvj is `Iqv
nqQ| Ges GB wUDeqji cvwbZ kZfvM AvmwbK iqQ| G cvwb cvb Kij Avgiv AvmwbK
Avv nZ cvwi| GgbwK AvmwbK _K NvZKewa KvviI nZ cvi| AvmwbKi welq wkKiv
Avgv`i Gme wkwLqQb Ges wUDeqji cvwb cvb KiZ eviY KiQb| wK cvwbi Zv gUvZ
GK iKg eva nqB Rb b AvmwbKhy cvwb cvb KiwQ| GB zji wUDeqjjv cixv Kivj
AvmwbK aiv ci| mv_ mv_ wUDeqji gyL jvj is Ki `Iqv nq Ges cii w`bB mvo 300
wkv_xK AvmwbKi fqvenZv mK wevwiZ Rvbvbv nq Ges GB cvwb cvb KiZ wbla Kiv nq|
Gici wkv_xiv cvwb cvb Kivi Rb Avk cvki evwo _K cvwb Gb cvb KiZv| wK evwoi
gvwjKiv weieva Kij wkv_xiv Avi H evwojv _K cvwb bv Gb Rb b we`vjqi AvmwbKh
y
cvwbB cvb Ki (hMyvi, 22 Rvbqyvwi, 2012, cv-19, Avgv`i M, Rvbqyvwi-Rby 2012)|

40 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

3.9 wKkvi wKkvix ^vmev

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY KwgwU ivcK hmKj welq mycvwik KiQ Zv njv: wKkviwKkvixi ^v mgmvi evcKZv I cKwZ Rvbvi Rb Zv`i (wKkvi-wKkvixi) mvweK AskMnY
GKwU mgw^Z MelYv cwiPvjbv Kiv Ges Gi wfwZ wKkviwKkvix ^v bxwZ I Kgm~wP cYqb
Kiv, gvbwmK ^v I cRbb ^vmevmn wKkvi-wKkvixi AwaKviK evavM Ki Ggb iZc~Y
welq Avjv`v mgw^Z bxwZgvjv Zwi Kiv, wKkvi-wKkvix wekl Ki wKkvix`i gbvmvgvwRK
Pvwn`vi cwZ bRi `qv Ges we`vjq I wKwbK h_vh_ wkeve I Mvcb civgki eev ivLv, h
mKj cwZvb GB RvZxq mev c`vb Ki, Zv`i cvcZv I Aevb mwKZ Z_ mKjK AewnZ
Kiv, wKkvi I wKkvix`i Rb Avjv`v I h_vh_ ^vmZ cqtwbvkb eev Kiv BZvw` (6 bs
AbyQ` 64 bs cqU)|
miKvwi cwZe`b ZiY`i ^v AwaKvi wbwZ Kivi Rb ^v I cwievi cwiKbv gYvjq
wewfb Kgm~Px evevqb KiQ| Giga DjLhvM nQ, wKkvi-wKkvix`i Rb ^v Kkj
cwiKbv evevqb, mvgvwRK i mPZbZv mw Kgm~wP, evjweq cwZiva KvBb, ewMZ
cwiQbZv, cyw, eqtmw, i^Zv, AviwUAvB, GmwUwW, SzuwKc~Y hb KgKv, ^c`vl,
gv`Kmw, `yNUbv, mwnsmZv I hb wbcxobi Dci wKkvi-wKkvix`i civgk c`vb I mPZbZv
Dbqb ew Kiv, GBPAvBwf/GBWm welq mPZbZv mw Ges weevwnZ wKkvix`i Rb Rb weiwZ
KiY DcKiY, wKkvi-wKkvix`i cRbb ^v mwKZ mgmvi Rb civgk I wPwKrmv mev
`qv, wUKv`vb Kgm~wPi gvag ZiY bvix`i cuvPwU wUwU wUKv c`vb, chvqg mKj mev
K`jvK wKkvi-wKkvix`i eve K` cwiYZ Kiv|
wkiv gZwewbgq ejQ, wKkvi eqm ^v welqK civgk LyeB Riwi| GB mgq Zv`i
kvixwiK cwieZb _K i Ki gvbwmK cwieZbI NU| AbK Zviv cwieZbjv gb
wbZ cvi bv| Zviv fve GUv evanq Kvb mgmv ev ivM| GB mgmv _K DiYi Rb
cwievii mvnvhi hgb cqvRb Zgb cqvRb we`vjq I wKwbK h_vh_ Mvcb civgki
eev|
miKvii cwZe`b DjL Kiv nqQ, ^v AeKvVvgvZ wKkvi-wKkvix`i welqwU weePbvq
bqv nqQ| XvKvmn ek wKQz Rjvq nj&_ wKwbKmn Avievb cvBgvwi nj&_ Kqvi cK evevqb
KiQ miKvi| GB cKi AvIZvq ^vK` wKkvi-wKkvix KYvi ^v Z_ Rvbvbvi eev
AvQ| nvmcvZvjjvZ cRbb ^v I eqtmwKvjxb mgmvi mgvavb Kivi Rb Avjv`v KYvi
Kiv cqvRb| Avgiv gb Kwi, miKvii GBmKj D`vMmg~n BwZevPK| wK wKkvi-wKkvix`i
^vmevi miKvii GB mKj D`vMi cPvi cPviYvi h_ Afve iqQ| Rvbyqvwi
2013 Z XvKvq wk`i mv_ GK gZwewbq Kgkvjvq AwaKvsk wkB DjL KiQ Zviv miKvii
GB aibi D`vM mK wKQzB Rvb bv| AskMnYKvix gvU 23 Rbi ga 1 Rb wk ejQ
miKvii GB D`vM mK m RbQ Ges Zvi mydj cqQ|

gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

| 41

Avgv`i MelYvq Avgiv `LwQ, nvmcvZvjjvZ cRbb ^v I eqtmwKvjxb mgmv wbq

AvjvPbv Kivi gZv mgq I myhvM bB| wkKiv Kvm eqtmwKvjxb mgmv I cRbb ^v
welqK Aavqjv AvjvPbv Kib bv| 2010 mvji ga wKkvi-wKkvix`i KvQ cRbb ^v
welqK Z_ cQvbvi jgvv wbaviY Kiv njI Zv evevqb nqwb (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb
2012 )| evsjv`k wKkvi-wKkvixi msLv 33.9 wgwjqb hv gvU RbmsLvi Pvi fvMi 1 fvM
Ges 15 _K 19 eQi eqmx wKkvi-wKkvixi kZKiv 35 fvM Acywi wkKvi (Avgv`i M,
Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012 )|
wKkvi-wKkvix`i welqjv wbq c_g Avjvi AvqvRb Kkvi cRbb^v wbq `iKvi
Lvjvgjv Avjvc welqK Mvj Uwej eVK eviv ejb- wKkvi-wKkvix`i KvQ chv Z_
_vK bv ej Zviv wec` co, AbK mgq Rxebi SzuwKI `Lv `q| Lvjvgjv cwiek Zv`i chv
Z_ w`j Zv Zv`i Rxeb gj eq Avb| AwffveK`i cvkvcvwk we`vqjvZI cRbb^v
welqwU covbvi Rb wkK`iKI cwkY w`Z ne| ZvB miKvwi I emiKvwi chvqi mgw^Z
D`vM _vKZ ne| MYgvagKI Gwelq f~wgKv cvjb KiZ ne| Kkvi cRbb^v welq
wewfb cK iqQ| Awa`ii gvVKgxivI KvR KiQ| Ze Zv chv bq (c_g Avjv, 17 Rvbyqvwi,
2012, cv-24)|

hbKgxi wkiv A eqm hbKgx wnme KvR i Kivi ga w`q bvbv aibi ^v SzuwKZ
fvM| AbKB Zviv Li viv wbhvZbi wkKvi nq| `jZw`qv hbcjxi wk`i mvweK
Aev weklY GB wkivbvg Gwcj 2011 mf `v wPjWb cwiPvwjZ GKwU MelYvZI GB
welqwU DV GmQ|
mxgv GKRb hbKgxi wk| wZxq kwY ch covkvbvi myhvM nq| GLb Zvi eqm 16 eQi Ges
hbKgx wnme KvR KiQ| Giga mxgv cvwjq GKRbK weq KiQ Ges ci RvbZ ciQ m
weevwnZ Ges Zvi `yRb mvb iqQ| ZLb mxgv ki evwo _K cvwjq GLvb Pj GmQ Ges hb
Kgx wnme KvR KiQ| GB KvR Ki ZvK Zvi gv Ges `yB evbmn Pvi Rbi msmvi PvjvZ nq| Zvi
ee Abyhvqx, GB ckvq mvvwnK QzwU ej wKQz bB| Amy njI Avgv`i KvR KiZ nq Ges
GgbwK gvwmKi mgqI Avgv`i KvR KiZ nq| Avgiv AbK Amnvq eva Kwi hLb Liiv KbWg
QvovB hb KvR Kivi Rb cxovcxwo Ki|

mycvwik

wKkvi-wKkvix`i ^vmevi miKvii h mKj D`vM iqQ Zvi cPviYv KiZ

ne|

Kvm eqtmwKvjxb mgmv I cRbb ^v welqK Aavqjv mwVKfve AvjvPbv Kivi

Rb wkK`i cwkYi eev KiZ ne, hvZ Zviv cvV`vb cwqvq welqmg~n Afy
Kib|
42 | gwjK ^v I wk KjvY

wkv, Aemi I
mvswZK Kvhg

wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

4.1 wkv cwZ I wkvi gvb

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY wkvi A`k eq; DcKiY I mivgi Afve; Ajf` wkvi
myhvMi elg Ges wewfb we`vjq gvbmZ wkvi eev bv _vKv GB welq D`vM bqvi
Rb miKviK mycvwik Kiv nqQ| miKvi Zvi cwZe`b mKj i wkvi gvb Dbqbi Rb ek
KqKwU c`c MnY KiQ (hgb: cv_wgK I gvawgK i cvVg mskvab Kiv ) Ges wKQy
c`c mvgb bqv ne ej DjL KiQ|
miKvi Zvi cwZe`b wkvi A`k eq welq wKQz DjL Kiwb| hw`I Avgv`i MelYvq GB
welqwU wkvi YMZ gvb Dbqb GKwU cavb evav wnme DV GmQ| Avgv`i MelYvi
Z_vbyhvqx, zj wkv_x`i KvwPs Kivi ceYZv eoQ| AwaKvsk wkv cwZvb wkv_x`i
YMZ wkv c`vb e_ nQ| AbK `Lv hvQ, wkKivI wkv_x`i cvBfU coZ cjy
KiQ| Avgv`i Kiv Rwici djvdj Abyhvqx, MnwkK Ges KvwPs Gi ceYZv 2010 G 2011
Gi Zzjbvq AbK Kg wQj Ges GB nvi h_vg 76% Ges 82%| 86.4% wkv_x ejQ h,
wkKiv Zv`i MvBW eB wKbZ DrmvwnZ Ki hv wkvi YMZ gvbi Rb gwK ^ic| GQvov
wkK`i viv cwiPvwjZ cvBfU Ges KvwPs eemv `wi` wki Rb bZzb aibi elg Zwi
Ki| miKvii wkv eevq webvg~j eB mieivn Kivi K_v _vKjI 10.3% wkv_x ejQ
Zv`i UvKv w`q eB msMn KiZ nqQ| hvi cfve ewk co `wi` wkv_x`i Dci (PvB
cvjvgUi cwZe`b 2007)|

4.2 we`vjq _K wki So cov

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY cv_wgK fwZi nvi evovZ Ges we`vjq _K wki So cov
KvhKwifve iva KiZ Aviv Rvi`vi D`vM MnYi K_v ejv nqQ| mgvcbx cheY
mycvwik Kiv nqQ, GKB vb m^w^Zfve KvR KiZ I wkv jvf KiZ cvi mRb
AvbyvwbK-AbvbyvwbK vcbv cwZv Kivi Rb| GB welq ivci cwZe`b ejv nqQ,
mviv`k 1500wU Mvg bZyb 1500wU cv_wgK we`vjq vcb Kiv nqQ| gvbmZ wkv`vbi
Rb wkK`i `Zv ew Kiv nqQ|
Avgiv gb Kwi miKvii GB D`vM h_ bq| Avgv`i MelYvq Avgiv `LwQ, `ki cveZ
Aji 319 wU Mvg Kvbv cv_wgK we`vjq bB (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011|) `k
eZgvb 18371wU cv_wgK we`vjq msKU (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2010|)
mgvcbx cheY ejv nqQ, AbybZ Aji cwZ wekl bRi `qvmn `ki wewfb Aji
wkv cwZi myhvM I gvbi weivRgvb elg `~i Ki KvhKifve mgZv Avbvqb| Ze
ivci cwZe`b Gme Aji wk`i Rb mywbw` Kvbv c`ci DjL bB| wbD GBR
cwKvi GKwU cwZe`b Abymvi, 2011 mvji ga `ki kZfvM wki wkv mywbwZ Kivi
welqwU mePvBZ eo cwZeKZv| GWyKkb IqvP Gi GKwU cwZe`b Abyhvqx, wmjUi nvIo
Aji AwaKvsk wkiv avb KvUvi gmyg we`vjq weg~L nq hvq| mviv `k hLvb 65 kZvsk
wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

| 45

wk 6 eQi eqm yj hvq mLvb GB nvi gv 52 kZvsk| wbD GBR cwKvq cKvwkZ
cwZe`bi gZ, `ki wewfb cZ AjjvZ (hgb: gv cxwoZ Aj, DcK~jeZx Aj)
cvq 50 kZvsk wkB wkv _K ewZ| GmK Rj cvovi GK wk Zvi gZvgZ cKvk Ki
Gfve, Kvg nBiv cov jnv nibi Kvb myhyM bvB| eqvb Avo`i Kvg ewk _vn nBZ
Kjvm hvBZ cvwibv| weqvj Kvbv yj nqbv, weqvj Kvb yj _vKj giv nBnvb hvBqv ciZ
cviZvg|
cg kYx cvk Kivi AvMB GK-ZZxqvsk wk we`vjq _K So co| wk`i So cov ay
cv_wgK iB mxgve bq eis gvawgK I DP gvawgK iI DjLhvM nvi wk So co|
2011 mvj beg kYxZ GmGmwm cixv `Iqvi Rb iwRkb KiwQj 15 jvL 89 nvRvi 743
Rb, GeQi Zv`i ga _K GmGmwm cixv w`Q 11 jvL 43 nvRvi 951 Rb| ay gvawgK iB
So MQ cvq mvo 4 jvL wkv_x| 2011 mvj GKv`k kYxi 10 jvL 97 nvRvi 150 Rb wkv_x
iwRkb KiwQj, Zv`i j wQj GBPGmwm cixvq AskMnY Kiv wK Zv`i ga _K 2012
mvj GBPGmwm cixv w`qQ 09 jvL 26 nvRvi 814 Rb| myZivs DP gvawgK iI So MQ
cvq 1 jvL 70 nvRvi 336 Rb wkv_x (c_g Avjv, 31 Rvbyqvwi 2012, cv bs- 12)|
miKvwi cwZe`b So civ wk`i Rb bvbvgyLx Kvhg Gi K_v DjL Kiv nqQ hvi mv_
Avgiv cyivcywi GKgZ nZ cvwiwb| 2012 mvj cv_wgK cvk Kivi AvM GK ZZxqvsk Ges
gvawgK 470336 Rb wkv_x So MQ (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| So covi KviY
mg~ni ga iqQ, cwievii Avq Kg, cek c mgqgZ bv cvIqv, wbivcvi Afve, evjweevn,
RwUj cvV`vb I cixv cwZ, RbMYi wkvi Afve, wkvi cwZ AbvMn Ges wkv LvZ eq ew
AbZg| GQvov AwZ elY I ebvi KviY 3 _K 4 gvm yj e _vKvI AbZg KviY (Avgv`i
M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)| ebv KewjZ GKwU GjvKvi GKRb wk Zvi gZvgZ cKvk Kib
Gfve, AbK Uvnvi Afve cobv,
KD Avevi Kvg ni, KDi weqv nBqv
MQ, ivvNvU cvjvcvb Lvivc K_v
Kq nB WiI zj hvqbv (Avgv`i
M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| Pivj
wkv_x So covi nvi AbK ewk|
RvwZmsNi cheY ejv nqQ h
ivc wewfb eqm I Av_-mvgvwRK
c vcUi wki Rb gvbmZ
webv`b, Ljvay j v, ms w Z I
AemiKvj Abvb KgKvi myweavi
Dbqb c`c wbe, wK ivci
cwZe`b evsjv`k wk GKvWwg
msLvjNy Mvxi mvswZK Kvhg

46 | wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

mmvwiZ Kivi K_v ejv njI Rjv chvq GB Kvhg mxwgZ AvKvi iqQ| GQvovI c_wkiv
wewfb cwZhvwMZvg~jK Kvhg AskMnY KijI Pivj, ebvKewjZ Aj, MnKg wbqvwRZ,
hbKgxi wk, nvIo Aji wk, Pv-evMvbi wk, e` m`vq, yj _K So cov wk,
ewZ emevmKvix mKj myweavewZ wk`i Rb wk GKvWwgZ mvswZK cwkYmn mvswZK
I kwK KgKv AskMnYi Kvb myhvM bB|
miKvi cv_wgK we`vjq wk`i Rb wgW-W-wgj I zj wdwWs Kvhg cixvg~jKfve Pvjy
KiQ| we`vjq wUwdb/wgWW wgj Kgm~wP: RvwZmsN wek Lv` Kgm~wPi AvIZvq `ki wcwQq
cov `wi`cxwoZ wk`i zj wdwWs Kgm~wPi gvag Mgi gq`v, wPwb, Dw`RvZ Zj, gq`v,
AvqvwWbhy jeY, wezU zj wdwWs wnme `Iqv nQ| GUv miKvii GKwU BwZevPK D`vM
wK GB cKi cwiwa LyeB Kg| cvwK RbMvxi wk`i wkv eev-cveZ Aji wk,
Rj m`vqi wkmn myweavewZ wk`i wkvi Rb bIqv KqKwU cKi gqv` kl nq
hvIqvi dj jvwaK wk wkvi myhvM _K ewZ nq SuywKi gyL iqQ| miKvi cKi gqv`
hw` bv evovq Ze myweavewZ G mKj wk`i wkv Ges fwelr AwbwZ nq coe| cvwK
RbMvxi GK wk we`vjqi myhvM myweav Ges wkK`i AvPiY cm Rvbvq, gvMv Zv
AbK wKQyB bvB| Zq hw` mviiv Kjvm bv gvi, zji ga Ljvi weiwZ `q, `ydvi (`ycyi)
LvIbi KwUb _vKj, Ljvi wRwbm c _vKj Aviv fvjv jvMZv zj|

mycvwik

So cov iva Kivi Rb miKvii zj wdwWs Kvhg Ges wgW W wgj Kvhg Aviv
mcmviY Kiv cqvRb|

ebv KewjZ GjvKvq ebvKvjxb mgq weK cwZZ wkv`vb Kvhg Pvjy ivLvi eev
KiZ ne|

we`vjqjvZ gvbmZ webv`bi eev wbwZ KiZ ne|

4.3 wkv DcKiY I AeKvVvgv

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY DcKiY I mivgi Afve; Ajf` wkvi myhvMi
elg Ges wewfb we`vjq gvbmZ wkvi eev bv _vKvi welq c`c bqvi Rb mycvwik
Kiv nqQ| Gwelq ivci cwZe`b ejv nqQ, wkv eQii iZB cvV cyK mieivn
Kiv nQ|
RvwZmsN mgvcbx cheY wkv cwZi cmvi I wkvi gvb Dbqb AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqbi
j wkv evRU eiv evovbvi mycvwik Ki| wK eZgvb wkv eevq Avgv`i cheY
Zgb Kvb cwieZb Avgiv `LZ cvwQbv| `ki mvgMxK wkv eevq SuzwKcyY wkv cwZvb,
wkK msKU, b`x fvb I we`vjq wejxb Ges kwYK ^Zv we`gvb| dj wewfb GjvKvq Lvjv
AvKvki wbP Kvm Ki wkv_xiv|

wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

| 47

mgvcbx cheY AbybZ Aji cwZ wekl bRi `Iqvmn `ki wewfb Aj wkv cwZi
myhvM I gvbi weivRgvb elg `~i Ki mgZv Avbvqbi K_v ejv njI, eve Zvi Lye
ewk bwRi bvB| evsjv`ki cZ Aji wkv cwZvbjvi AeKvVvgv LyeB bvRyK| RivRxY
msKxY cwiek gvbmcb wkv c`vb I MnY KvbUvB me bq| Qjgq`i Rb c_K UqjU
_vKjI eenvi DchvMx ivLvi Rb Kvb aiYi eevcbv bvB| Avgv`i MelYvi Z_ Abyhvqx,
msLvMZ w`K _K zj Qj-gq`i c_K UqjU _vKjI eenvii w`K _K ewkifvM
UqjUi Aev kvPbxq| UqjUjvZ chv cvwb _vKbv, gqjv I `~Mhy, `iRvi mvgb
Kv`v, `iRv fvv, AKvi BZvw`| Ze GB Aevi wKQzUv DbwZ nQ| 2010 Gi Zzjbvq 2011Z
GB eevcbvi wKQzUv DbwZ nqQ|
wkv AeKvVvgv Dbqb miKvwi D`vMmg~ni DjLhvM nQ- wkv gYvjq KZK fwZ wd
wbaviY Ki Ki cvcb Rvwi, `kevcx cv_wgK I gvawgK i webvgyj eB weZiY, wkv
gYvjq KZK KvwPs e cvcb Rvwi, cvwK GjvKv/wcwQq cov RbMvxi wki Rb wkv
Kgm~wP MnYi D`vM bqv, MvBW eB eenvi, cPvi I evwYwRK cmvi e cvcb Rvwi, RvZxq
evRU wkv LvZ ewk eiv, miKvwi bZzb RvZxq wkvbxwZi gvag `ki BsiwR wgwWqvg
wkv cwZvbjv wbqY Avbvi Pv BZvw` (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| Avgv`i
MelYvq DV GmQ h cZ Ajmg~n cv_wgK we`vjq bB (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i
2011)| Avgv`i MelYvi Z_vbyhvqx, UvKv bv w`Z ci AbK wkv_x eB Qvov Lvwj nvZ evwo
wdiQ|
cvebv Rjvi Cki`xi wkgyj iwRt cv_wgK we`vjqi cavb wkK Z` KwgwUi Avmvi Lei RvbZ
ci cwZwU kYxK XzK wkv_x`i gv_v QzuBq kc_ Kivb| KviY eBqi Rb UvKv `Iqvi K_v
wkv_xiv hb A^xKvi Ki| ci cavb wkKi mv_ G evcvi K_v ejj wZwb ejb, we`vjqi
we`yr wej cwikva I wgjv` gvnwdji Rb UvKv Zvjv nqwQj| welqwU wbq AwffveK I wkv_x`i
gvS Pig vf mw nq (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

mgvcbx cheYi mycvwik Abyhvqx, wekl Pvwn`v mcb wk`i wfb wfb Pvwn`vi welqwU
weePbvq wbq wkvi AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqb Kivi Rb wekl Kvb c`c MnY Kiv nqwb|
mgvcbx cheY cvwK RbMvxi Ges AbybZ Aji wk`i cwZ wekl bRi `Iqvmn wkv
cvwi myhvM I gvbi weivRgvb elg `~i Ki KvhKix mgZv Avbvqbi Rb mycvwik Kiv
njI G evcvi miKvi DjLhvM Kvb c`c MnY Kiwb| Avgv`i MelYvi (512wU wkv
cwZvbi Dci Rwic Ges cvwK RbMvxi wk`i mv_ cwiPvwjZ 11wU `jxq AvjvPbvi)
Z_vbyhvqx zjmg~ni bvbv aibi AeKvVvgvMZ mgmv iqQ| Giga DjLhvM nQ,
zjmg~n e moKi cvk (68%) hv wkv_x`i gbvhvMi evNvZ NUvq Ges wk`i
cvivcvii `yNUbv NUvq|
wbD GBR cwKvi GKwU cwZe`b Abyhvqx, 2011 mvji ga kZfvM wkv mywbwZ Kivi
`ki Pi I `~ieZx Aji wk`i iqQ mePq eo cwZeKZv| Avgv`i MelYv

48 | wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

cwZe`b Abyhvqx, kwiqZcyi I MvBevvi Pivj gvU 136wU Mvgi wkiv GLbI wkv
myweavewZ (f.2 c-37)| RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY wekl Aji wk`i Rb wkv
fvlvMZ myhvM myweavi K_v ejv njI Avgv`i MelYvq DV GmQ h, Avw`evmx wk`i GLbI
wbR fvlv ZvM Ki evsjv fvlv wkL 5g kwYZ evW cixv w`Z nQ (m~t 9g PvB cvjvgU
Awaekbi ev`ievb cwZwbwa)|

mycvwik:

AZc gvawgK ch mKj wkv DcKiY miKvii weZiY Kiv cqvRb|

gv cxwoZ, cveZ DcK~jxq Aj wk`i wkvi cmvi NUvbvi Rb I wkvi gvb

Dbqb AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqbi j wkv evRU eiv evovbv|

4.4 evaZvgyjK cv_wgK wkvi gqv`

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY evaZvg~jK wkvi gqv` 5 eQi nIqvq KwgwU DM cKvk KiQ
Ges evaZvg~jK cv_wgK wkvi gqv` evovbvi welqwU weePbv Kivi Rb mycvwik KiQ|
GQvov `k evaZvg~jK cv_wgK wkvi Ask wnme cviwK wk weKvki cwZ mvweKfve bRi
`Iqvi Rb mycvwik KiQ| miKvwi cwZe`b evaZvg~jK wkv 5g kwY _K 8g kwYZ
mmviY Kivi welqwU DjL Kiv nqQ|
miKvwi cwZe`b Abyhvqx evaZvg~jK wkv 5g kwY _K 8g kwYZ mmviY Kivi K_v ejv
njI GLbI Zv KvhKi Kiv nqwb| miKvwi cwZe`b cv_wgK we`vjq cvK-cv_wgK wkv Pvjyi
K_v ejv njI Gi evevqb NvUwZ iqQ| Avgv`i MelYvq `LwQ h, kkec~e wk weKvki
DchvMx Kvb DcKiY bB| GQvovI miKvwi cv_wgK we`vjq 5 eQi eqmi c~e fwZ bIqv nq
bv| mKj wki we`vjq hvIqv wbwZ Kivi Rb evaZvg~jK cv_wgK wkv AvBb cYqb Kiv
njI GLbv ch mKj wki cv_wgK wkv wbwZ Kiv nQbv| 25 gvP 2012 wkv gYvjqi
mfvq Ag kwY ch cv_wgK wkvK evaZvg~jK Kivi Rb mycvwik Kiv nq| G welq
wkvwe`MY ejb, hw` cv_wgK wkvK Ag kwYZ DbxZ Ki Ze wkK`i ghv`v wK ne?
AeKvVvgvMZ mgmv wKfve mgvavb Kiv ne? weklZ: kwY K wbgvY I givgZ, wkK`i
cwkY, we`vjqi vei-Avei mwi myinv, wkv_x vbvi cwqv, we`vjqi Avq-eq,
Avmevec, wkv DcKiY Ges Avw_K eiv wKfve eUb Kiv ne Zv wbq RwUjZv Zwi nIqvi
mvebv iqQ (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
kg AvBb 2006 I RvZxq wk kg wejvc bxwZgvjv 2010 G evaZvg~jK cv_wgK wkv mgvwi
c~e kg wk`i wbqvM wbwl Kiv nqQ| AwaKvsk wk kwgK evaZvg~jK cv_wgK wkv MnYi
myhvM cvQbv| ewkifvM gvwjK cB Zv`i wkvi myhvM w`Q bv|

4.5 wk`i mv_ Lvivc AvPiY

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY ejv AvQ wki mv_ wkK`i wb`q AvPiY, fq `wLq wk`i
bvbv KvR eva Kiv Ges we`vjq AevbKvjxb I hvIqv Avmvi c_ wekl Ki gq`i hb

wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

| 49

nqivwbi welq KwgwU DwM| KwgwU G mKj welq cwZiva we`vjq I mgvR mPZbZv ewg~jK
Rvivjv cPviYv cwiPvjbv Kivi mycvwik RvwbqQ| G welq, miKvwi cwZe`b ejv nqQ
mPZbZv ewi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Ki, zj hvIqvi c_ gq`i D Kiv cwZiva miKvi
f~wgKv wbqQ|
Avgiv miKvii cwZe`bi ejZ PvB, gq`i D Kiv cwZiva miKvi wK wK Awfhvb
cwiPvjbv KiQ G mK my Kvb Z_ cwZe`b DjL Kiwb| hb nqivbxi Gi wei
wkv gYvjqi wRiv Ujvi bxwZ njI we`vjq Avmv-hvIqvi c_ gq wkiv hb nqivwbi
wkKvi nQ| Avgv`i MelYvi Z_vbyhvqx, hb nqivwbi wkKvi nIqvi KviY AbK wki zj
hvIqv e nqQ| MelYv cwZe`b cKvwkZ LvMovQwoZ eLvUi fq wZb evb hZ cviQ bv
gv`vmvq (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)| BfwUwRs Gi KviY AbK wkv_x AvZnZvi
c_ eQ wbQ| mwLcyi D nq zjQvxi AvZnbb (c_g Avjv, 16 Ryb 2012, cv bs
21)| mvaviY wk`i Zzjbvq mvgvwRKfve wcwQq cov ev cvwK RbMvxi wkiv hb wbhvZbi
wkKvi nQ ekx| G cm e` m`vqi GKRb wk Rvbvq, Avgiv ivv-NvU, nvU-evRvi,
gnjv, zj-KjR, GgbwK wbRi evmvZI hb nqivwbi NUbv NUZ `LwQ| G welq
hbKgxi GKRb wk Rvbvq, Avgiv hLb ivv w`q zj hvB ev Ab Kv_vI hvq ZLb QvU QvU
cvjvcvbiv hviv wKbv cvUI cibv, mB Qjiv ch ej h, Iiv Zv nvg G _vK| ZLb h wK
Lvivc jvM, Avgv`i w`K hb Kgb Ki ZvKvq| Avgv`i cwiPq wbq Lvivc eenvi Ki
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| Avgv`i `k GgbI NUbv AvQ BfwUwRs Gi cwZev` Kivq
GKRb gq wki evevi gZz nq| eLvUi nvZ _K iv cvqwb wkKMYI|
RvZxq I vbxq msev`c Ges KBm vwW nZ cv Z_ weklY `Lv hvq, GjvKvi mv
cwievii QjivB AwaKvsk mgq hb nqivwb ev BfwUwRs KiQ Ges hviv Gi mv_ RwoZ Zv`i
wei evwoZ AwfhvM w`jI AwaKvsk B Kvbv jvf nq bv| h me Qj AwkwZ, eKvi,
gv`Kvm Ges cwievi _K wewQb ZvivB KvR ewk Ki _vK (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb
2012)|
Avgvi evzex mywg (Q bvg) `LZ LyeB my`ix| mywgi evev GKRb z`eemvqx| wZb evb Avi evev gv
wbq mywg`i QvU msmvi| eo fvB bv _vKvq GjvKvi eLvUiv mywgK wUR Ki| cvBfU, KjR
GgbwK evwoZI bvbvfve wUR Ki| eLvUiv mevB GKB GjvKvi mv cwievii Qj| ZvB Zv`i
wei AwfhvM `Iqv njI Kvbv jvf nZv bv| Gw`K mywgi cwZ AZvPvi eoB PjQ| ZvB
Aekl Ii evev gvb-mvbi fq mywg I Zvi `yB evbK wbq Mvg Pj hvb| mywgi gZ GiKg AbK
gqi evevK cwievii gvb-mvbi fq mvb`i covjLv kLvZ kni Qo Mvg cvwo w`Z nQ
ay eLvU`i KviY (mvwbqv nK Bfv, wk MelK, evYevoxqv)
cgi cve cZvLvb Kivq cKvk gqwUK gviai Ki eLvU mncvVx| gwK `q, cve ivwR bv
nj wg_v cgi Kvwnwb Mvg Qwoq gqwUi mvbnvwb Kie| Ggb cwiwwZZ Mjvq Iobv cuwPq
AvZnZvi c_ eQ bq gqwU (c_g Avjv, 16 Ryb, 2012,cv bs-21)|

50 | wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

wk MelK`i cvVvbv Z_vbyhvqx we`vjq Qv-Qvxiv cov bv cvij ev we`vjq AbycwZ

_vKj, we`vjqi wkK`i KvQ cvBfU bv coj I we`vjqi wbg Mvi wk`i ga
cv_Ki KviY Qv-Qvxiv elg I kvwi wkKvi nq| kvwi ga DjLhvM nQ, iv`i ga
`vo Kwiq ivLv, eZ w`q gviv, evR eenvi Kiv, Pzj Uvbv, _vi gviv, Kvb ai DV-em Kivbv
BZvw`| GK wk MelK ejb, gvii fq mevB AvZ _vK| Qj`i gviv nq ewk
(Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i, 2010)| Avgv`i MelYvi Abyhvqx, 68% wkv_x ejQ h, Zviv
zj wkK`i viv cvqB kvixwiK I gvbwmKfve wbhvwZZ nq _vKb| G MelYv _K Aviv
Rvbv hvq, evsjv`ki zj wkK`i GKwU eo Ask wk AwaKvi mK mPZb bq, hv wKbv wki
kvixwiK ev gvbwmK weKvki Rb eo evav| GiKg NUbvI NUQ we`vjqi wbavwiZ cvkvK GKUz
cyivZb nIqvq, mevi mvgb Zv wQo djv nqQ hvi dj wkv_x weeZKi Aevq coQ|
G DjL h, H wkv_x wQj GKRb gq| NUbvwU XvKvi GKwU AwfRvZ zji| G aibi
NUbv aygv XvKvq bq Rjv knii zjjvZI NUQ| wk MelK `ji GKRb m`m Zvi
ewMZ AwfZv Zzj aib Gfve, Avwg GKwU AsK bv cvivi KviY GKRb wkK AvgvK 15
wgwbU ai evNvZ Kib| Gici Avwg GKgvm Ri fzMwQ| ewi I myweavewZ wk`i
wkKiv Mvjg` Kib| GQvov gq`i gvbwmK wbhvZb Kib| wKQz wKQy wkv cwZvb
gq`iK nvZ w`q kvixwiK kvw `qv nq (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i, 2010)|

mycvwik:

BfwUwRs ki cwieZ hb nqivbx kwU eenvi KiZ ne|

wk AwaKvii cwZ mse`bkxj Kivi Rb wkK`i cwkY Gi eev Kiv|

4.6 wki Aemi, webv`b I Ljvayjvi myhvM

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY gvbmZ webv`b, Ljvayjv, mvswZK I AemiKvjxb I Abvb
myhvM myweavi Dbqb c`c MnYi Rb miKviK evRU Avw_K myweav eivi Rb mycvwik
Kiv nqQ| miKvii cwZe`b ejv nqQ h, wk`i Rb mvswZK Ges kwK KgKv
gwnjv I wk welqK gYvjqi Aaxb wk GKvWwgi gvag mviv `k 25000 wki AskMnY
wbwZ Kiv nqQ|
miKvi wk`i Rb mvswZK Ges kwK KgKv wk GKvWwgi gvag h D`vM MnY KiQ
Zv BwZevPK njI LyeB AcZzj| Avgv`i msMnxZ Z_vbyhvqx, AbK we`vjq BbWvi Mgm Gi
mivgi Afve iqQ| gq`i Ljvi mivg bB ev _vKjI LyeB AcZzj Ges wk GKvWwgZ
iqQ jvKej msKU| zj jvBeixi
mgmv iqQ| knii ewkifvM
zjiB bB Kvb Ljvi gvV| Rjv
knii wkcvK/cvK hjv iqQ Zv
bvsiv AveRbv hy|

wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

| 51

cZK wki gvbwmK weKvki cqvRb Ljvayjv AZvekK| gnicyi evsjv`ki mePq QvU
Rjv| wk`i gvbwmK weKvki Rb GLvb Kvb Ljvi gvV ev wk cvK KvbUvB bvB| gnicyi
GKwU mvaviY cvK _vKjI Zvi cwiek wk`i DchvMx bq| cvKi gvV AwaKvsk mgq Mi Povbv
nq Ges gv`Kmexiv cvq memgq Avv w`q _vK| ZvB wk`i Rb wk cvK AZ Riwi
(Gm.Gg.Avgvbyjvn Avgvb, wk MelK-gnicyi)|

XvKv Ges eo kni Ljvi

gvVjv axi axi eZj feb
wbgvY, gvKU wbgvY eeZ nQ
(XvKvi wLjwR ivW AewZ
wkcvK Mo DVQ ^vK`,
gvV `Lj Ki Mo IV gjv)| gvV
bv _vKvq wkiv KwDUvi Mgm,
Uwjwfkb, BUvibU Gi cwZ ewk
Avm nq coQ| wk MelK`i
cvVvbv M DV GmQ, cwZ eQi
agxq Abyvb (C`) G `wi` I
ewevmx wk`i webv`bi Rb RvZxq wkcvK webvg~j cek I
wewfb ivBW AvivnYi myhvM w`jI G eQi miKvi KZK Gic Kvb
wb`kbv `qv nqwb| dj `wi` I ewevmx wkiv Zv`i cvc b~bZg
webv`b nZ ewZ nqQ| G welqwU msev` cI cKvwkZ nqQ
(Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)| GwZgLvbvi wkiv Aviv
AenwjZ| mLvb wk`i Ljvi Rb Kvb Ljvi mvgMx bB|
wk`i Kiv Rwic DV GmQ gv 42% we`vjq chv Ljvi
DcKiY iqQ|
mycvwik

we`vjqjvZ gvbmZ webv`bi eev wbwZ KiZ

ne|

cwZwU Rjvq wk GKvWwg iqQ, hv`i KvR wki cwZfv

weKvk mnhvwMZv Kiv| wk GKvWwgjvK Aviv ewk
mwq Kiv Ges vbxq zjjvi mv_ hvMvhvM ew Kiv|

mivKvii bqv Kvhg mwVKfve evevvwqZ nQ wKbv Zv gwbUwis Kiv Ges miKvii
eiv Aviv evovbv cqvRb|

vbxq w_qUvi Ges mvswZK msMVbjvK miKvwifve mnvqZv Kiv hZ cvi| Zvnj
wk`i wbq Zviv Aviv KvhKix D`vM wbZ cvie|
52 | wkv, Aemi I mvswZK Kvhg

wekl wbivcvgyjK
c`cmgyn

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

5.1 kg wbqvwRZ wk
mgvcbx cheY wk`i A_bwZK kvlYi nvZ _K iv KiZ miKviK KvhKwi c`c
MnY wekl iZvivc Kiv njI miKvwi cwZe`b GB welq Kvb wKQz ejv nqwb| mgvcbx
cheY RvZxq wk kgbxwZ-2008 Abygv`b `Iqvi welqwU weePbv KiZ ejv njI miKvi
G welq Kvb D`vM MnY Kiwb| mgvcbx cheY kg wbqvwRZ wk`i cybevmbi welqwU
mycvwik Kiv njI miKvwi cwZe`b GB welq Kvb mywbw` D`vMi K_v ejv nqwb|
RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY 18 eQii wbP wk`i SuywKc~Y kg wbqvM e Kivi Rb
miKviK mycvwik Kiv nqQ| w` PvB jevi Gwjwgbkb cwjwm 2010 Abyhvqx PvKzixi b~bZg
eqm 14 wbaviY Ki Ges 18 eQii Kg eqmx wk`i SuywKc~Y KvR wbqvwRZ Kivq wblavv
Rvwi Kiv nq| miKvi Zvi cwZe`b evsjv`k SzuwKc~Y wkkg wbg~j Kiv Ges GB j GKwU
cK evevqbi K_v ejQb| hLvb 50 nvRvi wkK SzuwKc~Y _K mivbvi K_v DjL
Kiv nqQ| Avgiv gb Kwi, SzuwKc~Y KvR wbqvwRZ gvU wki msLvi Zzjbvq GB msLv LyeB
Kg| evsjv`k GLbI cvq 45 j wk iqQ hviv SzuwKc~Y KvR wbqvwRZ (WBwj mvb, 15 g
2012, cv-20; Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| mgvcbx cheY wPwZ AZ SzuwKc~Y
cvuPwU LvZi ga moK cwienb I ZvgvK KviLvbvq wk kwgKi msLv eoB PjQ|
iscyii KvDwbqv DcRjvq 10-15 eQi eqmx cvq 25 nvRvi wk wewo KviLvbvq KvR KiQ|
KviLvbvi fZi gvwenxb A^vKi cwiek KvR Kivi dj G`i cvq 75 fvMB kvmKmn wewfb
ivM Avv nQ| G evcvi AwfhvM Kiv njI KviLvbv gvwjK I wbqYKvix KZci ga
Gevcvi Avw_K jb`b _vKvq Zviv Kvb c`c bbwb (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

SzuwKc~Y KvR wbqvwRZ wk`i AwaKvskB cwievii Avw_K Aevi KviY evev gvqi KvR
mvnvh KiZ eva nq| hgb: Rjcvovi wkiv GKUz eo njB Rj bKvq KvR i Ki|
GgbwK 6-8 eQiii wkivI Rj bKvq KvR Ki| G mKj wkiv KvR KiZ wMq Amy nIqvi
cvkvcvwk wewfb aibi mgmvi myLxb nq| nvZ cv KU hvIqv, gv`Kvm nq cov, covkvbvi
myhvM _K ewZ nIqv, kixi `~ej nq hvIqv, ivZ chv Nyg bv nIqv, Pg ivM Avv nIqv
BZvw`|

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

| 55

Gcm, Rj cvovi GK wk ejb, Kvg Kij Zv GKUz e_v cvBZB nq| Avwg gvQi AviZ Kvg
Kwi, gvS gaB gvQi KuvUv we`, Znb AbK e_v nq, RiI Avm| `jxq AvjvPbvq AskMnYKvix
Pv-evMvbi GKRb wk Rvbvq, Avgv`i evev-gv fvwi KvR KivZ fvj Lvevi I Rvgv-Kvcoi jvf
`Lvq (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| nvIovji `wi` cwievii wkiv GjvKvi mQj
KlKi Ni evivgvwm Kvgjv wnme KvR Ki| KlKi Ni Qq gvm ev GK eQii Rb AvMvg kg
A_vr Pvlvev` I Mevw`c `Lvbvi KvR mnhvwMZv w`q cwievii A_ hvMvZ mnvqZv Ki _vK|
GKRb wk ev wKkvi GK eQii eKx kgi Rb cvq gv 15-20 nvRvi UvKv mgcwigvY avb
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

Avgv`i MelYvq, wk MelK`i msMnxZ KBm vwW weklY `LwQ, wk kwgK`i eqm
mewbg 7 _K mevP 17 eQi| gvU 58 Rb wki ga, 7 _K 12 eQi eqmi wki msLv 47
Rb Ges 13 _K 17 eQi eqmx wk msLv 11 Rb| ewkifvM wkiv cwievi Avw_K msKUi
KviY ev h wk`i gv-evev bvB ZvivB kgi mv_ hy nq coQ (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i
2011)| Avgiv AvBGjI Gi mgxvq `LwQ h, 2004-2008 mvji ga SzuwKcyY KvR
wbqvwRZ wk kwgKi msLv KgjI IB mgq 15-17 eQi eqmx kwgKi msLv 20 kZvsk eoQ
(Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2011)|
Ggwb GKwU NUbv M wjL cvwVqQ eov Rjvi wk MelK - mw`b GKUv Mig cvwbi nvwo ZzjZ hq
nvZ _K co cvqi LvwbKUv Ask cyo MQ| Avi m me RvqMvq dvmKv co MQ|

kgRxex wk`i GKUv weivU Ask Mnvjxi mvnvhKgx wnme KvR Ki| evsjv`k cwimsLvb
eyivi 2006 mvji Z_vbyhvqx, `k MnKg wbqvwRZ kwgKi msLv cvq 3 jvL 31 nvRvi| wK
cKZ msLv Aviv ewk ej gb Kiv nq| wkkg wbqvwRZ wkiv wbhvZbi wkKvi nq AbK
ewk| kg wbqvwRZ Gme wkiv gvwjK`i nvZ wbggfve kvixwiK wbhvZbiI wkKvi nq,
GgbwK wbhvZbi dj wk`i gZzi NUbvI NUQ| wbhvZbi wkKvi nq Lvw`Rv bvgi GKRb
wk nvmcvZvji weQvbvq q ejwQjv Avwg Avi Xvnvq hvBZvg bv| Kvgbv cvijB Giv Avgvi
Lvwj gvi| 4 w`b gv `yB evi fvZ w`wQj (Kvji K 14 deqvwi 2012 cv-23)|
Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012 GB mgqi ga 6wU cwKvq cKvwkZ wkkg welqK 23 wU msev` weklY Ki
`Lv hvq h, Gi ga 1wU eZxZ cwZwUZ MnKg wbqvwRZ wk wbhvZbi welqwU dzU DVQ|
ewkifvM ZzQ NUbvK (hgb: KvR bv cviv, KvPi Mvm f djv, KvR `wi nIqv) K`
Ki fqven aibi wbhvZbi (hgb: Mig LyubwZ I wmMviUi QvuKv, `qvj eivei avv `qv,
PvL AvNvZ Kiv, Pzj Qov, eaoK cUvbv, `xN mgq Rvic~eK KvR Kivbv, AvUK ivLv, RyZv
cUv, eZb bv `qv, eve-gvqi mv_ `Lv KiZ bv `qv, nvZzwo w`q kixii wewfb vb AvNvZ
Kiv, KuvwP w`q Avyj _uZj `qv, Bwi QuKv, KgvW Pzevbv, Kzwcq Z Kiv, bL w`q AvuPo

56 |

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

KvUv mevcwi alY AZtci

welcvb nZv) wkKvi nqQ
wkiv| GBmKj cKvwkZ
cwZe`b Aviv `Lv hvq
mgvRi wkwZ ew`i vivB
wkiv GBfve wbgg wbhvZbi
wkKvi nqQ (Avgv`i M,
Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
evsjv`k BbwwUDU Ae
jevi vwWR (wejm) I XvKv
wek w e`vjqi mgvRKjvY
wefvMi GK h_ MelYv
Abyhvqx, MnKg wbqvwRZ
kwgK`i KvivB wbqvM Pzw
bB| Zv`i Mo gRywi 509
`kwgK 6 UvKv| Gi ga
wbqwgZ gRywi cvq 60%|
m~: Kvji K, 14 deyqvwi 2012, cv-23
66.67% wkv I 53.33%
wPwebv`bi myhvM _K ewZ| emiKvwi msv bvix gxi, MnKg wbqvwRZ wk kwgKi
Dci cwiPvwjZ GK Rwici Z_vbyhvqx, MnKg wbqvwRZ 95% wkB MnKZv ev MnKxi viv
wbhvZbi wkKvi nq| wbhvZbi ci MngvwjK Kkj MnKg wbqvwRZ wki AwffveKK wKQy
A_i wewbgq wbhvZbi NUbvwU gxgvsmv Kib| Avi wKQy NUbvq wbhvZb ev AcgZzi gvgjv njI
myz Z`i Afve NUbvwU avgvPvcv co hvq| G AvBb kLjv evwnbxi Pig D`vmxbZv
cwijwZ nq| wbhvZbi ci Awfhy`i kvw ev Rwigvbv Av`vq nqQ GB welqK msev`
Avgv`i msMnxZ Z_ Avgiv cvBwb| G welq wejm Gi mnKvix wbevnx cwiPvjK Rvbvb,
dR`vwi AvBbi AvIZvq wbhvZbi wkKvi MnKg wbqvwRZ kwgK I Zv`i AwffveKiv myiv
cvQb bv| Kbbv ewkifvM B wbhvZbKvix _vK mgvRi cfvekvjx gnji KD| 14 eQi
ch wk`i kg _K gy ivLvi K_v ejv njI wbhvZbi wkKvi wk`i eqm wQj 8 _K 16
eQii ga| G`i KDB wPwKrmv mev cvqwb| G cm, GK MnKgx wki cheY mKvj
mevi AvM Nyg _K DVZ nq, weQvbvq hZ nq mevi ci| mevi mev meB AvgvMv Kib jvM|
wK Avgiv Amy nBj AvgvMv `nbi KD bvB| Ggb KBiv Avi KZw`b Pje mvi| ay wPwKrmv
bq myfve euP _vKvi Rb chv Lvevi I wekvgmn mKj myhvM myweav _K Giv ewZ| `wbK
GKUvbv 14-16 NUv KvR Kivi dj kg wbqvwRZ wkiv wkv _K ewZ nQ| G`i cvq 80
fvM wk KLbvB cvwZvwbK wkv MnY Kivi myhvM cvq bv (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

| 57

AvBb I mvwjk K` (AvmK) Gi Z_gZ, mviv`k MnKg wbqvwRZ wki msLv 4 jvL Ges
2004-2011i gvP ch cwKv _K msMnxZ Z_gZ evmvevwoZ KvR Kiv 737 wU wki cwZ
wbhvZbi NUbv NUQ| Gi ga kvixwiK wbhvZb I alYi wkKvi nqQ 362 Ges wbhvZbi
wkKvi nq gZzeiY KiQ 375 Rb wk (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
eo`i Zyjbvq gRyix Kg ej wk kwgKi Pvwn`v ewk| UyjvZ IVvi h v iqQ ZvZ
`vwoq wkiv hvx Zvj Ges Pj Aevq hvx`i KvQ _K fvov msMn Ki| Uyi MU SzuwK
wbq NUvi ci NUvi `vwoq _vK wk kwgKiv| KgiZ Gme wki eqm 10 _K 15 eQii ga|
mvivw`b chv cvwb I Lvevi bv LvIqvi KviY Rwm, wKWwb ivM, nvucvwb, GvRgvmn wewfb aibi
RwUj ivM Avv nQ Zviv|
mvBdzji eqm 12-14 eQi| m `vjvb wbgvYi KvR Ki| mvBdzj AvM covkvbv KijI GLb kni KvR
KiQ| mgcwigvY KvR KijI eo`i Zzjbvq gRywi Kg cvQ| mvBdzj ej,Zviv hw` cvq 100 UvKv Zq
Avwg cvB 70 UvKv (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|

mycvwik

miKvii bIqv c`cjvi `Z evevqb Kiv ne|

MnKg wbqvwRZ kwgK`i Rb c_K AvBb cYqb KiZ ne|

wk`i eqm Abyhvqx Zv`i KvR w`Z ne| kg wbqvM `vb cwqvq bybZg eqmmxgv,
myhvM- myweav BZvw` wbaviY KiZ ne|

KgRxex wk`i Rb mv/ivxKvwjb we`vjq Pvjy KiZ ne|

5.2 c_wk
RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY DjL Kiv nqQ c_ emevmKvix ev KgiZ Ggb wki Rb cYxZ
bxwZmg~n Kej A_bwZK welqi DciB AvjvKcvZ Kie bv, eis wbhvZb, kvlY I mwnsmZvi
gZv mvgvwRK myivi welqjvI mgvb iZi mv_ weePbv Kie| GB cheY mycvwik Kiv
nqQ h, miKvi c_wki ^vmev, wkv I Avkqi Rb `Z c`c be| ZvQvov c_wkiv
hvZ `Z Zv`i cwievii KvQ diZ hZ cvi mRb miKvi cqvRbxq c`c be|
GB welq ivci cwZe`b ejv nqQ, c_wk`i wbq miKvi cRKkb Ae wPjWb GvU
wi (wcwmGAvi) Ges mvwfmm di wPjWb GvU wi `ywU cK cwiPvjbv KiQ| BZvgaB
wcwmGAvi cKwU kl nqQ| c_ wk`i Dbqbi evav^ic mKj cKvi wbziZv, wbhvZb Ges
kvlYi nvZ _K iv Kivi Rb Ges h me wk wcZv-gvZvi hZ cvq bv Zv`iK iv Kivi Rb
cK `yUv KvR KiQ| gvU 11,253 wk hv`i eqm 8-17 eQi Wc-Bb-mUvim, AcvwZvwbK

58 |

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

wkv, fKkbvj Uwbs, mvBKv-mvmvj mvcvU, jvBd wjm, ^v, AvBwb mnhvwMZv Ges Rb
wbeb mevmg~ni gvag wcwmGAvi _K mev cqQ|
Avgiv gb Kwi, miKvii DjwLZ Gme D`vM LyeB cksmbxq| Ze miKvwi wnme `k
c_wki msLv cvq 10 jvL, hv 2012 mvj eo cvq 13 jvL cQQ| GB mKj wk`i myhvMmyweav c`vb mK miKvwi cwZe`b Kvb Z_ LyR cvIqv hvqwb (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb
2012)| miKvwi cwZe`b wc-cvBgvwi cwZvbi K_v DjL Kiv njI GLvb hviv mev cvQ
Zviv mevB c_wk wKbv G evcviI mywbw` Kvb Z_ bB| GQvov miKvi KZK 1992 mvj
evaZvg~jK cv_wgK wkv Pvjy Kiv njI Gi Kvb cfve c_wk`i Ici cowb (Avgv`i M,
Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
ivRavbxZ cvq AvovB j c_wk wfvewi mv_ RwoZ Ges Zv`i AbK mvm I Pzwii mv_
RwoZ| G`i ga AbK Avevi gv`Kvm (hyMvi 29 AvM 2011 cv 3)| GB c_wkiv
`vjvj`i viv kvlY I wbhvZbi wkKvi nq| wk MelKi cvVvbv GKwU KBm vwWZ DjL
Kiv nqQ: wkiv cwZw`b h UvKv ivRMvi Ki Zvi AwaKvsk UvKvB `vjvjiv wbq hvq|
12 eQii mvjvg ivvNvU jvKRbi cKU _K bM` UvKv,gvevBj, Nwo cfwZ Pzwi Ki _vK|
jvKRb Ui cj mvjvgK gviai Ki| m GKevi gvii wkKvi nqQ| Mvq cP ev_v _vKv mZI
m Aveviv Pzwi Ki| mvjvg Gi evev-gv,fvB-evb KDB bB| m kb Nygvq| m evm Uvwgbvj,
gvKU, evRvi Pzwi Ki| Pzwi Ki m h UvKv msMn Ki Zv w`q Kvb gZ Zvi wbRi cUK kv
Ki evwK UvKv w`q bkv Kivi wRwbm q Ki| m eZgvb RyZvi AvVvi bkvq Avm nqQ| m
c~e gwWKji eR _K eeZ cw_wWb msMn Ki Zv kixi XywKq bkv KiZ| eZgvb m h
bkvwU Ki Zv KiZ Zvi 30-40 UvKv LiP nq| m w`b 2 _K 3 evi GB bkvwU Ki (Avgv`i M,
RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|

Avgv`i MelYvq cKvwkZ Z_vbyhvqx, c_wk`i ga 51% wewfbfve Ab`i KvQ _K

MvjvMvj b _vK| kvixwiKfve wbhvZbi wkKvi nq 20 fvM wk| 46 fvM gq wk hb
wbhvZbi wkKvi nq| mvweKfve 14.5 fvM c_wk hb wbhvZbi wkKvi nq (Avgv`i M,
RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
mycvwik

`k c_wki msLv I msLv ewi KviY wbYq GKwU Rwic KvR cwiPvjbv KiZ ne|

`k c_wki msLv w`b w`b eoB PjQ| ZvB ay cKwfwK bq miKviK c_ wk`i
^v, wkv I Avkqi Rb eni cwimi c`c MnY KiZ ne|

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

| 59

5.3 hb nqivwb I wbcxobi wkKvi wk

RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY hb nqivwb I wbcxobi wkKvii KviY, aiY, evw Rvbvi Rb
GKwU Kkj cYqbmn AvBwb c`c bqv, `Z wePvi wbwZ Ki kvw c`vb I AwfhvM MnY
Ges m mKjK cwkY c`vb Kivi Rb mycvwik KiQ|
hb nqivwb I wbcxobi evcvi evsjv`k miKvi Zvi cwZe`b wewfb D`vMi welq DjL
KiQ| GBme D`vMi ga WgwK fvqvj Gv 2010, wnDgvb UvwdwKs wcfbkb Ges
wickb Gv 2012 Ges cbvMvwd KUvj Gv 2012, AvBb cqvMKvix msvi m`m`i hb
nqivwb I wbcxob cwZiva cwkY `qv, miKvwi Ges emiKvwi MYgvag Ges RvZxq I
AvRvwZK GbwRIjvi gvag mPZbZv ewg~jK Kvhg cwiPvjbv, wbhvwZZ wk`i
gbvvwZK mnhvwMZv Ges civgk `qvi Rb Iqvb c vBwmm mUvi (Iwmwm) cwZv BZvw`
DjLhvM|
evsjv`k hb nqivwb I wbcxobi evcKZv Kgwb| Avgv`i MelYvi Z_vbyhvqx, cvq mKj
gq wkivB GjvKvi eLvU I eq Qj`i viv, Avevi AbK AvZxq-^Rb viv kvixwiK I
gvbwmK nqivwbi wkKvi nq| Ze cvwK RbMvxi wkiv (hgb: hbKgxi wk, e` I `wjZ
mc`vqi wk) hb nqivwbi wkKvi nq ekx| `jxq AvjvPbvq AskMnYKvix wkiv Rvbvq
mvaviYZ Zviv ivvq, evRvi, gnjvq, zj KjR hvIqv- Avmvi c_, evwoZ hb nqivwbi wkKvi
nq| G cm e` m`vqi GKRb wk Rvbvq, Avgiv ivv-NvU, nvU-evRvi, gnjv, zj-KjR
GgbwK wbRi evmvZI hb nqivbxi gZ NUbv NUZ `wL| e` I `wjZ mc`vqi wk`i
gZ, GjvKvi jvKRb Zv`i gvbyl ej gb Ki bv| ZvB h KD Avgv`i Lvivc ge Ki
_vK| hbKgxi wkiv Rvbvq Zviv Zv`i GjvKvi eo QvU mKji vivB Zviv wbhvZbi wkKvi
nq _vK| G welq AskMnYKvix hbKgxi GKRb wk Rvbvq Avgiv hLb ivv w`q zj hvB
ev Ab Kv_vI hvB ZLb QvU QvU cvjvcvbiv hviv wKbv cvUI cibv mB eqmi Qjiv ch
ej h, IivZv nvg _vK| ZLb h wK Lvivc jvM, Avgv`i w`K hb Kgb Ki ZvKvq|
Avgv`i cwiPq wbq Lvivc eenvi Ki|
hb nqivwb wk`i eo DVvi ^vfvweK cwiekK wewNZ Ki Ges Zviv kvixwiK I gvbwmKfve
wZM nq| dj wbR`i Lye QvU ej gb Ki, covkvbv e Ki `q, gvbwmKfve Amy nq
co, evjweqi wkKvi nq, gnjv Qo Pj hZ nq| G cm `wjZ mc`vqi GKRb gq wk
ejb GB iKg Aevq wbRK AbK QvU I Amnvq gb nq, ZLb AbK Kvbv cvq (Avgv`i
M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| we`vjqI wkiv hb nqivwbi wkKvi nq| XvKv wekwe`vjq
mPzqvj AvweDR Bb zj wPjWbm jvBd kxlK mwgbvi cKvwkZ GKwU cwZe`b ejv
nqQ-zj coqv Qj`i cvq 7 kZvsk Ges gq`i 16 kZvsk hb nqivwbi wkKvi nQ (c_g
Avjv AvM, 2011, cv 7)|

60 |

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

RyjvB wWm^i 2011 GB Qq gvm wk MelK`i M _K 3 wU hb nqivwbi NUbv DjL Kiv nqQ
hv`i eqm 4 _K 12 eQi Ges Giv 3 RbB gq wk| G`i ga 2 Rb evwoi gvwjK 90 eQii e
ewi viv alYi wkKvi nqQ Ges AbRb we`vjqi wkK viv wbhvZbi wkKvi nqQ| G welq
GKRb wk MelK wjL cvwVqQb, Zvi zj GKRb wkK Qvx`i mv_ bvbv iKg Lvivc eenvi
Ki| wZwb AbK mgq Qvx`i eyK Rwoq aib| covZ covZ nvZ aib (RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|

cbvMvwdi gvag hb nqivwbi NUbv ew cvQ| hb wbhvZbi NUbvjv knii Zzjbvq cZ

AjjvZ ekx NUQ (Avgv`i M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)| wkiv cwZekx, wkK, AvZxq,
mncvVx, Kw_Z cwgK viv mePq ekx hb wbhvZbi wkKvi nQ| hb wbhvZbKvix`i ga
wkivI wQj hv`i eqm 13-18 eQii ga| cZ Aj hb wbhvZbi NUbv mvaviYZ mvwjk
bvggv Rwigvbv ev gvgyjx kvw c`vbi gvag Rvic~eK wggvsmv Kiv nqQ| ewkifvM
Avmvgx c gvgjv bv KiZ ev gvgjv Kiv njI Zv Zzj wbZ ev`x cK fqfxwZ `Lvq (Avgv`i
M, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
RvZxq `wbK cKvwkZ msev` weklY `Lv hvq, Qj`i PvBZ gq wkiv hb nqivwbi wkKvi
nq AbK ewk| wk`i hb nqivwb I wbcxobi gvU 165 wU NUbvi ga Qj wki msLv 06,
gq wki msLv 156 Rb| Giga alYi wkKvi nqQ 93 Rb wk, MYalYi wkKvi 09 Rb
wk, alYi Pv Kiv nqwQj 27 Rb wki mv_ Ges AvcwKi wfwWI aviY Ki BUvibU Zzj
w`qQ 5 Rb wki (Avgv`i M, RyjvB-wWm^i 2011)|
mycvwik

hb nqivwb KgvZ nj g~jZ: miKviK GwMq AvmZ ne| KviY GjvKvi hme eLvU
Qj ev eqiv Gme Ki Zviv GjvKvi cfvekvjx gvbyl| ZvB GjvKvi AvBb-kLjv
ivKvix evwnbx, ckvmb, Rb cwZwbwa, ivRbwZK bZv`i G welq eev wbZ ne|

cwievi evev gv, zji wkK Ges mswk mKji mPZbZv ew KiZ ne|

hb nqivwb I wbcxob e miKvwi Uvj wd nU jvBb Pvjy iqQ Zv aygv eo`i Rb|
wk`i Rb Avjv`vfve nUjvBb b^i Pvjy KiZ ne Ges G b^i hb mKj wk eenvi
KiZ cvi Zvi eev KiZ ne|
5.4 k wew I cvPvi
RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY wk`i cwZ hb wbhvZb I cvPvii wei cYxZ RvZxq KgcwiKbv h_vh_ evevqbi Afve Ges wk cvPvii welq DM cKvk KiQ| RvwZmsN wk
AwaKvi KwgwU mycvwik KiQ h, Riwi wfwZ wk wew I cvPvi gvKvejv KiZ miKviK
gbvhvMx nZ ne| GQvovI gvbe cvPvi wekl Ki wk I bvix cvPvi cwZiva `gb I kvw
welqK RvwZmsNi cUvKji mv_ cwic~iK wnme AvRvwZK Acivai welqwU weePbv Kie
miKvi cqvRb Abvb AvRvwZK msvi (ILO, UN, UNICEF) KvQ KvwiMwi mnvqZv PvBe|
wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

| 61

GB welq miKvii cwZe`b DjL Kiv nqQ, wnDgvb UvwdwKs wcfbmb Ges wickb Gv
2012 KvhKi Kiv nqQ|
wk Pzwi I cvPvii GKwU AbZg vb XvKv gwWKvj KjR| Avgv`i MelYvi Z_vbyhvqx, RyjvB
2011 _K Ryb 2012 (6wU RvZxq `wbK cKvwkZ msev`) GB GK eQi XvKv gwWKvj KjR
_K gvU 11wU wk Pzwii NUbv NUQ| Giga 1wU wkKI Dvi Kiv hvqwb| MZ Rvbyqvwi-Ryb
2012 GB 6 gvm `ki wewfb Aj _K gvU 86 Rb gq wk AcniYi NUbv NU| GBmKj
wk`i AwaKvskB fviZ Ges gacvP cvPvi nq hvq hb eemvi Rb| hb eemvq eenvii
Rb `ki gaI gq wkiv cvPvi nQ| `jZw`qv hbcjxi cvq 4 nvRvi hbKgxi ga
500 Gi ewk wk, hv`i AbKB `vjvj`i Li co cvPvi nq GmQ (Avgv`i M,
Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2012)|
5.5 KvivMvi AvUK wk, Zvi Rb bvq wePvi I mskvabx K`
RvwZmsNi mgvcbx cheY 15 eQii wbP wki hvexeb Kviv` I 18 eQi wbP wki gZy
`i civqvbv Rvwii welq KwgwU Mfxifve DM cKvk KiQ| mgvcbx cheY miKviK
hmKj mycvwik Kiv nqQ Zvi ga DjLhvM nQ, 18 eQii wbPi ewK Zvi Acivai
Rb gZz` ev hvexeb Kviv` bv `Iqvi welqwU wbwZ Kiv Ges GRb Riwi wfwZ mswk
AvBb KvhKi Kiv, mviv`k wekl wKkvi Av`vjZ cwZvi welqwU weePbv Kiv, wk`i Ges
eq`i c_K KvivMvi ivLvi welqwU wbwZ Kiv Ges cywjwk ndvRZ wbivcv I wk-eve
cwiek wbwZ Kiv|
miKvii cwZe`b DjL Kiv nqQ, GKwU RvZxq Uv dvm wk Acivax`iK hvZ eq`i
mv_ GKB KviMvi bv ivLv nq Zv wbwZ Kivi Rb KvR KiQ Ges hv`iK BZvga mLvb
cvVvbv nqQ Zv`i Awej^ gy Kivi Rb KvR KiQ| g 2012 ch `ki wewfb KvivMvi
18 eQii Kg eqmx gvU 53 Rb wk wQj hvi ga 2 Rb gq wk| g 2012 ch `ki wZbwU
wKkvi Dbqb K` 42 Rb gq wkmn gvU 447 Rb wk wQj|
Avgv`i MelYvq KvivMvi AvUK wk, Zvi Rb bvq wePvi I mskvabx K` msv wewfb
aibi mgmv j KiwQ| hgb: RyjvB-wWm^i 2011 GB Qq gvmi 6wU RvZxq `wbK G
cKvwkZ msev` weklY `Lv hvq, 8, 10 I 7 eQii wZb wkK Pzwii `vq cywjk MdZvi KiQ
Ges Zv`i Ici PvwjqQ AgvbywlK wbhvZb, WvKvZ m`n 16 eQii wkK wcwUq nZv Kiv
nqQ, 12 eQii wkK 17 eQi `wLq Pzwii `vq MdZvi Kiv nqQ Ges eZgvb Zvi wVKvbv
wKkviM KvivMvi| GQvov, h aibi msev` cvIqv MQ Zv njv: 3 wKkviK ai wbq MQ
weGmGd, 9 eQii wkK weGmGd ai wbq KvPwenvi Rjvi wmZvB _vbvq cvwVq w`qQ Ges
ZvK gyw w`Q bv Ges agxq eB m _vKvq SvjKvwVZ wkmn 9 RbK MdZvi KiQ cywjk
Ges Zv`i 54 avivq Rj ciY KiQ|

62 |

wekl wbivcvgyjK c`cmgyn

wKkvi Dbqb K`jvi

Aev Lye fvj bB| miKvwi
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