The use of coated precipitated calcium carbonate provides a unique combination of beneficial processing properties to the manufacture of rigid

cellular PVC . In order to obtain an optimum level of density reduction, formulations need to feature a compromising set of melt properties. The melt strength and elasticity have to be high but the melt viscosity low. Without these rheological characteristics the generated gas cannot be retained and cell structure will collapse forming voids and even surface bubbles. CPCC has the effect of providing melt reinforcement which manifests itself as improved melt elongation and elasticity. Some benefits in rapid set up after the die together with possible nucleation effects have also been observed. The benefits derived are: Melt rheology improvement resulting in improved melt extensibility which reduces the need for high levels of expensive processing aids. More efficient dispersion and distribution of all additives inclduing blowing agents allowing possible reduction in phr of these additives. CPCC as a nucleating agent. Significant improvement in impact strength. Improved surface finish.

Formulation Guidelines
The incorporation of CPCC will be influenced by the final target density to be attained. However levels of 2-8 phr CPCC are successfully incorporated into rigid PVC foam allowing both processing aid and impact modifier levels to be significantly reduced.

Table 1 shows 2 examples of formulations containing CPCC. One for 2 dimension expansion another one for Free Foam.

2 dimensions expansion CELUKA phr PVC Stabilizer Process Aid / Modifiers CPCC NaHCO3 TiO2 100 3-4 8 3-6 2.5 5 PVC Stabilizer

Free Foam phr 100 2.5 6 3-6 0.3 4

Process Aid / Modifiers CPCC Azodicarbonamide TiO2