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Due: 11:59pm on Wednesday, September 19, 2012 Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy
Question 1
Give the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids.
Part A
, ANSWER: bromic acid
Correct
Part B
, ANSWER: hydrobromic acid
Correct
Part C
, ANSWER: phosphoric acid
Correct
Part D
hypochlorous acid, Express your answer as a chemical formula. ANSWER:
Correct
Part E
iodic acid,
Correct
Part F
sulfurous acid. Express your answer as a chemical formula. ANSWER:
Correct
Question 2
Learning Goal: To learn to write the systematic name of ionic compounds given the chemical formula and to write the chemical formula given the systematic name. Ionic bonds form when one atom completely transfers one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of ions. Positively charged ions (cations) are strongly attracted to negatively charged ions (anions) by electrical forces. All chemical compounds can be named systematically by following a series of rules. Binary ionic compounds are named by identifying first the positive ion and then the negative ion. Naming compounds with polyatomic ions involves memorizing the names and formulas of the most common ones.
Part A
Give the systematic name for the compound .
ANSWER: nitrate
Correct
Aluminum is a metal that has only one oxidation state. Therefore it is not necessary to write III in parentheses in the systematic name. Only those metals with more than one oxidation state must have its state written in the name.
Part B
Give the systematic name for the compound .
ANSWER: sulfate
3 2 0 +1 +2 +3
Correct
Although it seems like a small difference, iron(II) and iron(III) behave much differently chemically. They even form different-colored compounds because of the number of electrons they have to bond. Therefore it is very important to specify which oxidation state is being used.
Part C
Write the formula for the compound magnesium oxide. Express your answer as a chemical formula.
ANSWER: 4 3 2 1 0 +1 +2 +3
ANSWER: 2 1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4
ANSWER:
Correct
All of the elements in group 2 form ions with a +2 charge. That is because all of these elements need to lose two electrons to gain stability. After losing the electrons, there is an excess of two protons, which results in a +2 charge.
Part D
Write the formula for the compound lead(II) phosphate. Express your answer as a chemical formula.
ANSWER:
ANSWER: one / one one / two one / three two / one two / three three / two
ANSWER:
Correct
Lead, like iron, has more than one oxidation state, so it is necessary to put the oxidation state of the metal in brackets. Elements in group 1 and 2 only have one oxidation state and so there is no need for Roman numerals in their systematic name.
Question 3
The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation provide the mole-to-mole stoichiometry among the reactants and products. The molar mass (in can be used as the conversion factor between moles and the mass of a substance. Thus, the balanced equation and molar masses can be used in conjunction with one another to calculate the masses involved in a reaction. )
Part A
What coefficients are needed to balance the equation for the complete combustion of methane? Enter the coefficients in the order , respectively. Express your answer as four integers, separated by commas (e.g., 1,2,3,4).
, and
ANSWER: 1,2,1,2
Correct
The balanced chemical equation is therefore:
Part B
What mass of carbon dioxide is produced from the complete combustion of 4.70!10"3 of methane? Express your answer numerically in grams.
ANSWER: 2.93!10"4
ANSWER: 2.93!10"4
ANSWER: 1.29!10"2
Correct
Part C
What mass of water is produced from the complete combustion of 4.70!10"3 of methane? Express your answer numerically in grams.
mole ratio of water to methane given in the balanced equation (which you figured out in Part A). Finally, use the mole ratio to convert from moles of methane to moles of water.
Correct
Use the conversion formula
to convert the given number of moles of methane to the corresponding number of moles of water.
ANSWER: 5.86!10"4
Answer Requested
Answer Requested
The molar mass in the form
ANSWER: 1.06!10"2
Answer Requested
Part D
What mass of oxygen is needed for the complete combustion of 4.70!10"3 of methane? Express your answer numerically in grams.
ANSWER: 5.86!10"4
ANSWER: 1.88!10"2
Correct
Question 4
A phase diagram is a convenient means of representing the temperature and pressure dependence of a pure substance in a closed system. The typical phase diagram indicates which phase (solid, liquid, or gas) is stable at a given temperature and pressure. Boundaries separate these phase regions. When a boundary line is crossed owing to changes in temperature and/or pressure a phase change occurs.
Part A
Identify each of the labeled points (indicated with letters) or changes (indicated with two letters separated by an arrow) shown on the phase diagram.
Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
The phase diagram for an organic compound is shown.
What is the normal boiling point of this compound? Express your answer numerically in degrees Celsius.
Correct
Question 5
The fluorocarbon compound has a normal boiling point of 47.6 . The specific heats of . and are 0.91 and 0.67 , respectively. The heat of vaporization for the compound is 27.49
Part A
Calculate the heat required to convert 73.5 of Express your answer using one decimal place. ANSWER: = 14.4 from a liquid at 14.60 to a gas at 76.40 .
Correct
Question 6
Chemists often use molarity , in , to measure the concentration of solutions. Molarity is a common unit of concentration because the volume of a liquid is very easy to measure. However, the drawback of using molarity is that volume is a temperature-dependent quantity. As temperature changes, density changes, which affects volume. Volume markings for most laboratory glassware are calibrated for room temperature, about 20 . Fortunately, there are several other ways of expressing concentration that do not involve volume and are therefore temperature independent. A mass of 0.630 of is dissolved in 525 of water.
Part A
Calculate the molality of the salt solution.
0.525
ANSWER: 2.05!10"2
Correct
Part B
Calculate the mole fraction of salt in this solution.
ANSWER: 1.08!10"2
ANSWER: 18.0
ANSWER: 29.2
ANSWER: = 3.70!10"4
Correct
Part C
Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in percent by mass.
ANSWER: 0.120 %
Correct
The total mass of the solution in this case is 525.63 , which makes the percent by mass come to 0.11985617%. However, when rounded to the correct number of significant figures, the answer becomes 0.120%. Quite often, the mass of the solute is so small compared to the mass of the solution that
Part D
Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in parts per million
ANSWER: 1200
Correct
The word percent means "per 100" (think of century). Therefore, an alternate name for percent by mass could be "parts per hundred." This should help you see the similarity between percent and parts per million:
Question 7
Indicate the type of solute-solvent interaction that should be most important in each of the following solutions.
Part A
in benzene ANSWER: dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces ion-dipole forces hydrogen bonding
Correct
Part B
methanol ANSWER: dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces ion-dipole forces hydrogen bonding in water
Correct
Part C
in water ANSWER: dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces ion-dipole forces hydrogen bonding
Correct
Part D
in acetonitrile ANSWER: dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces ion-dipole forces hydrogen bonding
Correct
Question 8
By referring to the figure , determine whether the addition of 40.0 solids to 100 of water at 40 will lead to a saturated solution.
Part A
Correct
Part B
Correct
Part C
Correct
Part D
Correct
Question 9
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, at 55 . ) is a water-soluble vitamin. A solution containing 80.5 of ascorbic acid dissolved in 230 of water has a density of 1.22
Part A
Calculate the mass percentage. ANSWER: 25.9 %
Correct
Part B
Calculate the mole fraction. ANSWER: 3.46!10"2
Correct
Part C
Calculate the molality. ANSWER: 1.99
Correct
Part D
Calculate the molarity of ascorbic acid in this solution. ANSWER: = 1.80
Correct
Question 10
Calculate the number of moles of solute present in each of the following solutions.
Part A
270 of 1.50
ANSWER: = 0.405
Correct
Part B
55.0 of an aqueous solution that is 1.50
ANSWER: = 7.59!10"5
Part C
80.0 of an aqueous solution that is 1.70% sucrose ( ANSWER: = 3.97!10"3 ) by mass
Correct
Question 11
Part A
Calculate the vapor pressure of water above a solution prepared by dissolving 38.0 of glycerin ( pressure of water at 343 ANSWER: = 222 is 233.7 .) ) in 135 of water at 343 . (The vapor
Correct
Part B
Calculate the mass of ethylene glycol ( . The vapor pressure of pure ethanol at 35 ANSWER: = 184 ) that must be added to 1.00 is torr. of ethanol ( ) to reduce its vapor pressure by 12.0 at 35
Correct
Question 12
The molar mass of a compound expresses the ratio of mass to moles:
This quantity can be determined experimentally by accurately measuring the mass of the sample and determining the corresponding number of moles based on some property of the sample. Freezing point depression and osmotic pressure measurements are frequently used for this type of determination. In each instance, the number of moles is determined from the colligative property of the solution. For osmotic pressure measurements, the number of moles is calculated from the volume of the solution and the molarity. In freezing point depression measurements, the number of moles is derived from the molality of the solution.
Part A
tert-Butyl alcohol is a solvent with a 11.6 of 9.10 and a freezing point of 25.5 . . When 0.807 of an unknown colorless liquid was dissolved in
Which of the following is most likely the identity of this unknown liquid?
Next, convert the mass of solvent to kilograms and use the definition of molality,
to determine the number of moles of solute, Finally, use the mass and number of moles of solute to calculate the molar mass in grams per mole.
What is the molality of the solution? Express the concentration numerically as molality.
ANSWER: 1.12
ANSWER: 1.16!10"2
ANSWER: 62.1
ANSWER:
ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.07 1-octanol (molar mass = 130.22 glycerol (molar mass = 92.09 2-pentanone (molar mass = 86.13 1-butanol (molar mass = 74.12 ) ) ) )
Correct
Part B
A protein subunit from an enzyme is part of a research study and needs to be characterized. A total of 0.135 of this subunit was dissolved in enough water to produce 2.00 of solution. At 28 the osmotic pressure produced by the solution was 0.138 . What is the molar mass of the protein? Express the molar mass numerically in grams per mole.
where
. Next, convert the volume of solution to liters and use the definition of molarity,
to find the moles of solute. Finally, use the mass and number of moles of solute to calculate the molar mass.
ANSWER: 5.59!10"3
What is the volume of the protein solution in liters? Express the volume numerically in liters.
ANSWER: 2.00!10"3
ANSWER: 1.12!10"5
ANSWER: 1.21!104
Correct
Question 13
Part A
List the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing boiling point. 0.120 Rank items in order of decreasing boiling point. ANSWER: glucose, 0.050 , 0.050 .
Correct
Question 14
Part A
List the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing point: 0.040 glycerin ( ), 0.020 , 0.030 phenol ( ).
Rank solutions from highest freezing point to lowest freezing point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:
Correct
Question 15
Carbon disulfide boils at 46.30 and has a density of 1.261 .
Part A
When 0.250 constant for ANSWER: = 2.34 of a nondissociating solute is dissolved in 400.0 ? of , the solution boils at 47.46 . What is the molal boiling-point-elevation
Correct
Part B
When 5.41 of a nondissociating unknown is dissolved in 50.0 unknown? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 260 of , the solution boils at 47.08 . What is the molecular weight of the
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 90.9%. You received 13.64 out of a possible total of 15 points.