Math 3 Tutorial 5 Solution

6. (i) For the linear system to have unique solution:

1 2 1
2 k

6 0

k 2 + 36 + 12 3k 4k 36 0

3 6 k

k 2 7k + 12 0 k 3 , k 4
6. (ii) when k=3, we do row operations for the augmented matrix

1 2 1 1
2 3 6 1

3 6 3 3

1 2 1 1
2 3 6 1

0 0 0 0 R3 3R1

So for k=3 the linear system has infinite solutions.

6. (iii) when k=4,

1 2 1 1
2 4 6 1

3 6 4 3

1 2 1 1
1 2 1 1

0 0 4 1 R 2 2 R1
0 0 4 1

1
1
0 0 1 0 R3 3R1
0 0 0
R3 R 2
4

The system has no solution for k=4.

7. Since (1 1

1)T and (2 1 2 )T are the solutions, then,

2a a b 1 2 a
2a a b 2 2 a
2 4 2 1 = 4 and 2 4 2 1 = 4

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1
2 a + a b = 2 a

2+42=4
1+11 = 1

4 a + a 2b = 2 a

= ok , and 4 + 4 4 = 4
2 +1 2 = 1
= ok

(1)

( 2)
= ok
= ok

 4a b = 2

6a 2b = 2

(1' )
( 2' )

a = 1

b = 2

Augmented matrix A becomes:

2 1 2 1
2 4 2 4 R 2 R1

1
1 1 1 1 R 3 R1
2
2 1 2 1
0 3 0 3

0 0 0 0
x = t

y =1
z=t

2 1 2 1
0 3 0 3

1
0 0.5 0 0.5 R 3 R 2
6

2 x + y + 2 z = 1

3 y = 3
0 z = 0

x t

y = 1
z t

8. a)

1 5 3
2 4 6

3 9 11

1 5 3
0 2 0 Row2 2 Row1

0 6 2 Row3 3 Row1

1 5 3
0 2 0

0 0 2 Row3 3 Row2

Linear independent

8. b) Linearly dependent: a zero vector (0 0 0) is always linearly dependent to any other

vector.

8. c)

5
3 0 2 4
7 2 6 1
0

1 2 2 7 10

3 0

0 2

0 2

2
4
3
4
3

4
5
7
25
35

Row2 Row1
3
3
3
1
25
35

Row3 Row1
3
3
3

3 0

0 2
0 0

2
4
3
0

4
5
25
35

3
3
0
0 Row3 Row2

Linear dependent

9. a)

2 3 51 0 0

1 3 / 2 5 / 2 1/ 2 0 0

4 1 60 1 0 4
1 4 00 0 1
1

1 3/ 2

1
4

5 / 2 1/ 2

6
0

0
0

1 3 / 2 5 / 2 1/ 2
0

4 / 5 2 / 5 1/ 5
1 1/ 3

1 0 0 8 / 15
0 1 0 2 / 15
0 0 1 1/ 3

1/ 9
1/ 9

13 / 45
8 / 45
2/9

5 / 2 1/ 2

4 / 5 2 / 5 1/ 5 0
9 / 2 3 / 2 1/ 2 1

1
0

1 3 / 2 0 1 / 3 5 / 18

1/ 9 2 / 9

4/9

5 / 2 1/ 2

0 0

1 0 0 5
4 2 1 0
0 1
0 5 / 2 5 / 2 1/ 2 0 1

1 3/ 2

0 1
4 / 5 2 / 5 1/ 5 0 0
0 5 / 2 5 / 2 1/ 2
0
1
0

1 3/ 2

0 2 / 15 1 / 9

1 1/ 3

5/9
8 / 45

1/ 9 2 / 9

8 / 15 4 / 9 13 / 45
therefore A = 2 / 15 1 / 9 8 / 45
1 / 3
1 / 9 2 / 9
1

9 b)

2 4

3 1 0 0

1 2 3 / 2 1/ 2 0 0

0 1 1 0 1 0
3 5 7 0 0 1

0 1
3 5

1 2 3 / 2 1/ 2
0 1

0 0

0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1

2 1

10. A ( A )
or

13 / 3 7 / 3
5/3
2/3

2/3
2/3

0 0

3 / 2 1/ 2

1 0
1 1

2/3 2/3

1 2 0 2

A1 A2 ( A2 ) 1 = A1 I

2 1

= ( A1 ) 2

11. From A2 + A - 4I = 0 we have

1 2 1
1 2 1
1 2 1
A + A 2I = 0
A + A I = I
A A+ A I = I
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1

A( A I ) + A I = I
( A + I )( A I ) = I
2
2
Therefore

(A-I)-1 =

1
A + I (definition of inverse)
2

0 0 1 1 2 / 3 2 / 3

A( A 2 ) = A 1 , A 1 A( A 2 ) 1 = A 1 A 1

or ( A )

0 1 0 1 5 / 3 2 / 3

4 13 / 3 7 / 3
2 / 3
therefore A = 1 5 / 3
1 2 / 3
2 / 3

= I (definition)

0 0

1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0
0 1
0 1 5 / 2 3 / 2 0 1

1 2 3 / 2 1/ 2

1 0 0 1

0 0 3/ 2 3/ 2 1 1

1 0 0 4

1 0
7 0