Tutorial 4 Solution

1. a)

1 1 1 1 3 2
AB =
2 3 = 6 4
2
2

1 1 1 1 1 1
BA =

=
8
2 3 2 2 8

( AB BA )

3 0 0
1 1 3
AC =

2 2 3 3 0 0
3 1 1 9
9
3
CA =
=

3 3 2 2 9 9
b)

4 2
1 1 4 2 3 2
B+C =
,
A
(
B
+
C
)
=
2 2 1 0 = 6 4

1 0

3 2 0 0 3 2
AB + AC =
+
AB + AC = A( B + C )
=
6 4 0 0 6 4
c)

3 6
6
1 1 3
BC =
=

2 3 3 3 3 3
6 3 3
1 1 6
A( BC ) =
3 3 = 6 6
2
2

3 3 3
3 2 3
( AB )C =

6 4 3 3 6 6

d)
T

3 2
3 6
=
( AB ) =

2 4
6 4

A( BC ) = ( AB )C

 1 2 1 1 3 6
B T AT =

=
1 3 2 2 2 4

( AB )T = B T AT

2.

1 0 1 0 1 2 2
CB = 2 3 0 0 2 = 0 4 ,

6
0 3 4 2 3 8
1 0 1
0
0
2

2 3 0 = 0 6 8
BT C =

3 3 11
1 2 3
0 3 4
1 0 1 3 1
Ca = 2 3 0 1 = 9 ,

0 3 4 4 19
1 0 1
dC = [1 0 2]2 3 0 = [1 6 7]

0 3 4
3 0 6
3
ad = 1[1 0 2] = 1 0 2 ,

4 0 8
4

3
da = [1 0 2]1 = 11,

4

BC is not defined.

3.
1
1
1
1
S T = ( A + AT )T = ( AT + ( AT )T ) = ( AT + A ) = ( A + AT ) = S
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
T T = ( A AT )T = ( AT ( AT )T ) = ( AT A ) = ( A AT ) = T
2
2
2
2
1
1
S + T = ( A + AT ) + ( A AT ) = A
2
2

4.
AT = A, B T = B

i)

If AB = BA , then ( AB )T = ( BA )T = AT B T = AB

ii)

If ( AB )T = AB , then AB = ( AB )T = B T AT = BA

5. a)

AB is symmetric.

A and B commute.

3 0 22
5
4 7 0 20

9 2 0 15

3
22

1
0

5
5
4 7 0 20

9 2 0 15

3
22

1
0

5
5

47
188
0
0

5
5

0 37 0 123
5
5

22
5
188
1 0

47
0 0 5

3
22

1
0

5
5

188
1
0
0

47

0 37 0 123
5
5

3
0
5

No solution

5 b)

1
1
0
1
3 17 1
2

4 17 8 5
0
5 2 1

1
1
1
2
0 1

7

0 21 4

0 5 2

Back

1
0

1
2
1
7
0
1
24
0
7

6
1
1
0
6
1
0 14 4
2
2
20

2
0

21
4

22

2
2
0 5 2 1

6
10

7
22

1
0

0
1

7
4
2
7

6
10

7
26
36

7

1
0

0
1

7
5

substitution:

z = 6,

1
2
1
7
0 2
24
0
7

0
1

7
8
2
7

6
10

7
52
36

7

0
1

7
4
14

6
10

7
26

84

x=

10 2
1
+ 2 + 6 = 0,
7 7
7

1
2
1
7
0 1
0 0

y = 26 4 6 = 2 ,

w = 6 x y = 4.

5 c)
3 3
1 1 3
5 2 5 4
5

3 4 7 2 7
2
3
1 11 1

3
1 1
0 1 10
3

0 7 16

5
0 5

3
3
11
10

3
3
11 16

5 5

3 3
1 1 3
0 3 10 11 10

0 7 16 11 16
0 5 5 5 5

3
1 1
0 1 10

3
22

0 0
3

35
0 0

3
11
3
44
3
70

3
10

3
22

3
35
3

3
1 1
0 1 10

0 0
1

35
0 0
3

3
11
3
2
70

3
10

3
1
35

3
1 1
0 1 10
3

0 0
1

0
0 0

z = any number, y = 1 + 2 z , x =

3
3
11
10

3
3
1
2

0
0

9
z = 3z , w = 0
3

5 d)

1
1
0
1
3 17 1
2

4 17 8 5
0
5 2 1

1
1
1
2
0

1
7

0 21 4

0 5 2
1
0

1
2
1
7
0
1
24
0
7

0
1

7
5
1
0
1

7
4
2
7

3
1

1
1
3
5

7
11

3
5

7
13
18

7

1
1
0
3
1
0 14 4
2
10

0 21 4 5 11

1
0 5 2 1
1
0

1
0

1
2
1
7
0 2
24
0
7

1
2
1
7
0 1
0 0

0
1

7
8
2
7
0
1

7
4
14

5 2
1
z = 3 , r = 13 4 3 = 1 , q = + 1 + 3 = 0 ,
7 7
7
p = 3 1 0 11 0 3 = 2

3
5

7
26
18

7
3
5

7
13

42