APA helps

Correctly citing journals in your bibliography:APA

APA states that including database information in citations is not necessary because databases change over time (p. 192). Example:
Smyth, A. M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A study of enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating, 8(3), 120-125.

http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/what-is-doi.aspx

If an on-line article has a DOI (digital object indicator) assigned, use this in place of the URL. Example:
Wilens, T. E., & Biederman, J. (2006). Alcohol, drugs, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A model for the study of addictions in youth. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 20, 580-588. doi:10.1177/0269881105058776

If an on-line article does not have a DOI, use the URL. Example:
Arakji, R. Y., & Lang, K. R. (2008). Avatar business value analysis: A method for the evaluation of business value creation in virtual commerce. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 9, 207-218. Retrieved from http://www.csulb.edu/journals/jecr/

Examples above from:

http://library.nmu.edu/guides/userguides/style_apa.htm#withDOI and http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/what-is-doi.aspx

From APA manual

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
Short Quotations If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses. According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers? If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation. She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

Signal phrases
Some verbs often used in signal phrases: Acknowledges, comments, admits, reasons, illustrates, insists, argues, asserts, notes, observes, claims, believes, points out, suggests, says, writes, agrees, declares, reports, thinks : http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/tutorials/cpe/e n/Resources/Writing_Guide.html

No page # in online source

Sources Without Page Numbers When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. When an electronic document has numbered paragraphs, use the abbreviation "para." followed by the paragraph number (Hall, 2001, para. 5). If the paragraphs are not numbered and the document includes headings, provide the appropriate heading and specify the paragraph under that heading. Note that in some electronic sources, like Web pages, people can use the Find function in their browser to locate any passages you cite. According to Smith (1997), ... (Mind over Matter section, para. 6). Info taken from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/

Summarizing material
Read the Whorton article and write a 2 pp. summary/reflection. Simply summarizing is not enough. However, when summarizing material from Whorton, properly cite using APA format. Every time you switch subjects in a paragraph, cite the author again.
Example: According to Creamer (2009), this medical model of disability views the body as a machine that exhibits the presence or absence of function, putting focus on diagnosis and treatment. Other definitions of disability include an economic and socio-political approach (Creamer, 2009).

One additional note about citing summarized material: If you use Creamer again in the same paragraph as a signal phrase, you only need to cite Creamer (and not the date).
Example: According to Creamer (2009), this medical model of disability views the body as a machine that exhibits the presence or absence of function, putting focus on diagnosis and treatment. Creamer also discusses the role of the evening meal in developing community.

However, if you cite Creamer by putting his name and date at the end of the sentence, you must cite both Creamer and the date each time.
Example: The conversation surrounding the nightly meal is savored and enjoyed, representing spiritual and social renewal (Creamer, 2009). This leads to intimate conversation between the core members and assistants (Creamer, 2009).

The purpose of this assignment is to practice correctly citing borrowed material and to differentiate between borrowed material and your own words and opinions.

Example (Myvy Ngo )

Crowther (1999) explains the foundational history behind the Olympics through describing the nationalism and athlete-warrior focus of the ancient Greeks. He reports that the ancient Greeks would not have understood the modern concept of international sport (Crowther, 1999, p. 585). Crowther delves into the history of the ancient Olympics and its role as the most significant gathering of the ancient Greeks and the main source of nationalism despite the city state government.

Example (Brooke Sindel)

Many doctors of the time held that athleticism was beneficial for several reasons. Edward Hitchcock, a professor of physical education, believed that man needs outdoor education in order to get the real brawn, effective muscle, capacious lungs, and tough skin and the best of digestion, or a really reliable heart (Whorton, 1982, p. 31). Although some of his contemporaries would disagree with his medical analyses of athletics, Hitchcock has, for the most part, been proven right by recent medical findings. The greatest advantage of athletics, however, was not muscular, but moral (Whorton, 1982, p. 31). Whorton (1982) reports that doctors believed that sports built character and furthered muscular Christianity, which was the popular belief that the combination of physical life and strength built character and increased ones level of righteousness and usefulness in Gods eyes. According to Whorton, this philosophy was supported by proponents of sanitary reform who focused on the correlation between healthy living and a clean soul.

Example (Alexis Anderson)

At the same time that athletes were engaging in more arduous workout routines, heart disease became more prevalent. Whorton (1982) says that because conditioned athletes have a naturally slower heart rate and have the possibility for arrhythmias and murmurs, that doctors of the time linked intense exercise as the effector of the disease and other heart problems. This condition was dubbed athletes heart (Whorton, 1982, p. 37). Benjamin Ward Richardson observed seven athletes and determined that this was true. He made the connection between cardiac hypertrophy and the nature of an athletes heart. He thought that the continual vigorous use of the heart would increase the pressure of the blood on the vessel walls and cause steady disintegration of vascular tone and, consequently, lower overall vitality (Whorton, 1982, p.37). An enlarged heart became known as yet another injury caused by athletics. However, in a New York Times article published in 2008, abnormally large hearts were found in perfectly healthy people. They were enormous, elongated, torpedo-shaped hearts, twice the mass of a normal heart (Kolata, 2008, para. 2). These hearts, in contrast to what was believed as an injury in the late 1800s, were much more efficient and extremely healthy.

Citing two or more authors

A Work by Two Authors: Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in the parentheses. Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) supports... (Wegener & Petty, 1994) A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993) In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses. (Kernis et al., 1993) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/