Salt Analysis

Cations

IZero
r----III Group
Group
Group
--- - --
IV Group
Grcup
-r---, Group l{cagcnt Radicals --I
" II Group O.S. + NaOH + Heat

Pb

O.S. + Hel + I-hS Cu o

AF+,Fe:H

O.S. + NH4Cl + NH;OH +I-hS NiL+ ,MnL+ , ZI'?~C02+ -

Anions

[Group'
I
~~._--_.
I ro .... ,.".
__ - __ ---L--
I ---- ~---,--- -·'r-----
Group Reagent
._~ ---~---_.----_
Radicals
... - _ _~.-
..

--
I ':'" -.
" .....n.)L)~A
'r- U1J. ,-, ),"".SO/'. S/... NO -
cr, Br - , r
\....\
PO/-
NO]' , CT,I3COO' "

+ cone. H2SO4 f
Cu KMn04
piece andso]n.
.i \•.....
heat
:l>./lff-/. I ... .
)1.:111 C2Ot;'2 . S042•

4)2 Mo04 ____

- .. ' /

rI
1

~ +IICone.HN03
Group + Heat Salt
+ -r +- BaCb

Add

I Add

[_._ III Group . -+-

I O.S.

. IV Group• --L10S
(NH
 Preliminary Tests

~-- Test. T -·-----observ~;tion .

____ ---, __ . "~~ __. -; ~~.:_,-'---- . ~. __ ~ _1 +

1. Physical Appearance : 'I~-.-------.-----

--------- Ca~ ,
--::---J-
Colour ·VhII.C
3111l' ~fNI-!.l'
ev+ !

I
-.
_Jr~'en -'--I'~N' 1 +

3ro\'·m FeJ+

Rc.J

r ---
I

filllyj I~~til;g
Light pink

SrndlofNH]

S:ll'~ll of vinegar

Sm~l] of rotten c~g'·

Colourless gas evolved

NH/

CH3COo-

Violet gas evolved

, "
I r
Crzlcklinr sound

B'own residue

II
13. Fbn;e Test u_ Gr'~enish ·blue C(1"<'- ----
II BaL+ --
I Cu"+ I
red r-- ~1+
ick red
Light green
-~
 I
~,

Test ~ for Cations (Basic Radicals)

(1) Zero Group

+ NaOH + Heat
I~ O.S [C)bservation_
I "Ii/hite Fumes
with HCI NH/
Inference
1-::--.----------.- t------------.---~-~-~+
L2:§_~_', ._N_Te_s_s_ie_r_·'_s_R
__e_a_~g~e_n_t
__ U)_·'r._o_v
..II.l .PP.t.__ ~ __ . LN_H--'4'-

(2) Fkst Group

--

.. _._J Inference
Pb2+ '-
PbL+
Pb2+
O.S.-= Dil.HCI White ppt.
O.S -I- K2Cr04
Test Yellow ppt.
fObserV<ltion
\ I O.S -I- KI LYellow p~_

(3) Second Group

O.S + Dil.HCl + I-I2S Black ppt. Cu

=J
+

I
O~
Test Nl-LIOH(excess) Deep Blue
Observation IN+
Inference l
O.S + K.jFe(CN;6 Brown ppt. -.-._-_-_-_- _-_J Cu2+ I

(4) Tjlircl GrouT)

- .-
Test :) bservation
-------------j_. 1- Inference
AIJ+

White gelatinou:-o
Blue + ppts
O.S NH.jCI
ppt. ppt.
+NH~OH I AIJ+
O.S + NaOH I

O.S +- NaOH +Di1.HCI +

Blue Litmus + NH.jOH
(Lake Test)

-----
Test
O.S -1-
'.
NH.jCI +NHjOH
------>
'e --. r
'c'
Fe3+
J t r \+
--------
. Inference
__
Brown ppt.. .~-
------
O.S -I- KCNS ~ nIooe!
Observution
Red
O.S -I- K1Fe(CN)(~ -1·-------
l_~)ark ppt.,
Blue
 Fourth Group

In ference
. . Ni L+
L+
-

')oln. is green)
LTes~- --r
pt ~~)s~rvati~~:.-
Ni L+
1-11c I
------1
~~~ J

O.S. + DMG Red l~~-'-

---r-;-:- --
O.S. + NaOH LLight green r
---- .0,servation
_ .. -
Co
IInference
0C L+
----.- lck ppt (if DIn.
J3lueis etherial
red) layer 2+ C-:.----z+

\ Test
.Blue
O.S + NH4C! +NH40H.
__
~
+-
=J_
il'
H 2~c ppt L
-O-.S.+ NaOH I

O.S. + NH4CNS + ethe~·---=.:I

Inference
Mn 1+
I Buff ppt
\ \ Test
O.S + Nl-L.CI +NH4.OH ---+ --TObservation -
\ H2~: . I MnTF

L9.S. + NaOH
~.~. K3Fe(CN)6 _1
=rSuff
Brownppt
ppt Mo 2+

Inference
Test
a.s + NH4CI '~-----T
,NH40H+ -r Observation
Dirty 'vhite ppt ~Zn +--

~Il~' I

L.............
G

g1~:-~~~~~~N-)6--------------1
.
"\~-'i
~-1~1-1~~e-hf-:I-~i-te-;)~t-I-~--'-e-I-Io
--1.
i white ~
PDt.
__ .. __ . __ .__ . __ ._ -_. .
-J~~
--
:: __________________
---------
..J

-------- .. '
l
Ba2+
Ca2+
Inference
Sr2+
[lest Observation
-~--
---- 1
a , r , BaLi-
a Sr2+
Ca2+
a.s + NH4CI le+NH40H +
B 2+ S 2+ CWhite
lrne
Im'.1e 2+ ppt
(NJ-l4)2C03 \

(wbite ppt dissolves in -_II ..

CH1COOH
O.S. + K2Cr04
Flame Test
O.S. + (NH4)2S04
--tI Light green n
White ppt
Flame Test
O.S. + (NH4)2C204 _If Crimson
White pptred i_

Flame Test ---- l------,

Brick red flan
(7) ;,ixth Gro'up

I Tes. - -r Observation Inference

I Na2HP04
O,S -+ NH4CI +NI-L;OH + -~ I White ppt ------fJMg2+ I J I

9·S
O.S
reagent (NH4)3 +
+ NaOH Nessler's
~04 ---=T~ej)pt---------~~:----~-
~ White PPt. 1Mg m I _

*~~**********************
 US1

Tests for Anions ~Acid Radicals)

(1) First Group

"st Group

I Inference
C03·-
Test -- Observatl -011
ime water milky C031-
C03L-
vescence
s,odourless Colourle~;
gas
Salt + Dil H2SO4 t
---------- with effe!
Pass the, evolved
_.'evolvedGasgas
Through Changes
Lime waterlime water
" ",gli
o O.S. MgSO4
__~~lgS04 White pp

Tests
-
Salt + Dil H2SO4
L IhSO"S2-
~=
s gas withI--O~_~-r~~~:
... "~~~--'

lour-
rotten-.-+,~.-
._+~-

I Colourles
- - -..~-
~)n S2-fcrcncc
In
-S2-- ----------
0

egg smell
O.S.+(CH3COO)2Pb
Cl-bCOO)2Pb ~ Black ppt
\ O.S+ Sodium nitroprusside
·odium nitropn sside I Purple c~

Tests
~->.--~-,~ ~- ~~~•.,~ Observation Inference ,
'll:l~:L~9-=L _
Salt+Dil H2SO4 13rown gas N02-
N02-
O.S.+Dil H2SO4+FeSO4
-----
, dil. I-bS04 +Fe~;04
O.S.+Starch Iodide
Brown colour
:tarch iodide i Blue colour _

Tests I
: l'St -------- -I. Observation-----l. Inference -- - -1
d. P::SO.;
Salt+Dil H2SO4 . jC010l.Jlk.,s gas \-~it!1pl~ng-;;-l~t-Ts03z:------ ---
--------
O.S.+Dil H2SO4+K2Cr2O7
-.--- --- i smell

'.' :\. idill-bS04

O.S.+Dil t- K;.~r20-;
H2SO4+KMnO4 Green colour so;:
,):.:dJl }-bS0<L+ K!v!nO I Pink colour decolourisecl sol ==-d
(2) :)ccond GI-OUp

Tests I--Observation
---
-
smell
Salt+Conc H2SO4
White ppt
Colourless
White ppt
g[lsdissolves
"vith pungent
J Cl-
Inference

O.S.+AgNO3

White ppt +excess Of

NH4OH

I
Tests
Il~-
Salt+Conc. H2SO4 -- Observation I Inference

O.S.+AgNO3
I0 \ ~N03 Pale yellow ppt _B_r_- ~
O.S.+CCl4+Cl2
~:811 '(_-'O_l1_C_'Water
(1).~., ~'CLI+ Ch _f-_Iz_S_O_'_1
_ watel~_~9n1J1ge
~::~~n gas '-,/-:t-h--p-ll-n-ge-n-.t-l_B_f_-
layern_ -------4
=_B=_r=_-=_-_=_-_=_-_=_-_=~
__-_ I
 . Salt + Cone. H2S04 violet gas -[__ I_I_- ---<
.r
~;.
I, Te:;t
+ AgNOJ
O.S. + CCl, + CI, water
yellow pp~
1

__ L~Jayer
~~~ '..
Observation ------ II r
Inference ~ ~
N03- I
-

N03-
N03-
Inference
Te:;t I lh pungclt
Observatiori- -
--
---r-;---
)ur - ---
Salt + Cone. H2S04+ Cu brown gas wi
I
piece & heat - I smell
a.s. +FeS04 +eonc. H2S2i.~--! -B-~O-\-iVn-. -r-ill-_;;-',--
LQJ;. + Diphenyl amine _ i Dark blue co:

--------------
Inference
C20/-
+ Cone
I ~'~;;( 11280'+= =: I ~i~~e~:~~:';\;_-d_
iSCharge~----
\ rrMn04
O.~;. + CaCb
soln. J
__ -.l Whi~~ ----jI C204~ _I

Salt + Cone. H2SQ,_1 I Smell of vinegar CH3COO- __

Te~;t
O.~:. + nell.FeCI]
J
__
1
Obs~rvation ~
Red colour
-+ Inference
CI-hCOO-
==-~_
..I
Red soll1. + exc~ss watcr_~-_.,-Brown
I Heat lppt --- - C1-1;COO" . -._-1,
(3) No specific group
._.-------- ---~'-r_:___----"------- -------~----- u
---. -" -~-'-.- --,
. Te~t I Observation Inference
O.~:. + BaCb -- =:-~:White ppt S042-=-

Add ENOJ to white ppt : Ppt does not~lis~)lve sc5;1-

O.S.:....+ (Cf--hCqO)2Pb _1 White pp_t .. SO,iL-

--------------
Test
O.S. + cone. HNOJ +
--,-- -------
!

!
Observation
Yellow ppt
1·,,1t'crence
J

P04 J-
Ammonium lvl01ybdatc &
hea:

a.s. + CO(NOJ)2 -nt YJolei..EP~_- __ .~ J- __

Add
ppt CI-IJCOQI-I to violet i Violet ppt dissolves ~ I eU4 .)-
_

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