Lung Cancer

(Bronchogenic Carcinoma)
Risk factors:
 Tobacco smoke
 Second-hand smoke
 Environmental & Occupational
Exposure
 Genetics
 Dietary factors
Clinical Manifestations
depend on the location and size of the tumor, the
degree of obstruction, and the existence of metastasis to
regional or distant sites.

 Cough or change in a chronic cough

 Wheezing
 Dyspnea
 Hemoptysis or blood-tinged sputum
 Repeated unresolved upper respiratory tract
infections
 Chest or shoulder pain may indicate chest wall
or pleural involvement by a tumor
 Chest pain and tightness, hoarseness
 Dysphagia
Assessment and Diagnostic
Findings
 Fiber optic bronchoscopy
 Transthoracic fine needle aspiration
 Endoscopy with esophageal ultrasound (EUS)
 Abdominal scans positron emission
tomography (PET) scans
 LUNG CANCER
This chest x-ray shows a white area (yellow circle)
that represents a solid area in the lung. This is a
lung cancer.
Medical Management

 Radiation Therapy
 Chemotherapy
 Palliative Therapy
 Gene Therapy
 Therapy with defined tumor antigens
Treatment- Related
Complication
  Pulmonary fibrosis
 Pericarditis
 Myelitis
 Cor pulmonale
 Pneumonitis
 Respiratory failure
Nursing Management

 Managing symptoms

 Relieving breathing problems

 Reducing fatigue

 Providing psychological support