Final Review Sheet 6 4 Final

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Socials(Studies(Review(Sheet(for(Finals$
Civil War I. Causes and Trigger of the Civil War i. Slavery 1. Abolitionists a. Started by people in the Union 2. Jobs a. North i. Industry and Manufacturing b. South i. Farmers (cotton) ii. Mason Dixon Line 1. Starts at border of Pennsylvania and Maryland 2. North of the Mason Dixon Line slavery is illegal 3. South of the Mason Dixon Line slavery is legal 4. Runs all the way through the country 5. 2 states (one north one south) must be admitted at once because to make sure the senate was even between North and South stated iii. Fort Sumter (South Carolina) TRIGGER 1. Site of the beginning of the Civil War The Election of 1860 3 Democratic Candidates o Disagreements over picking one person to represent Southern ideology If there was one candidate from the democrats they would have beaten Lincoln but instead all the democratic states split so Lincoln won Confederacy States of American (CSA) Jefferson Davis o President of the CSA Robert E. Lee o Leading general for the CSA 1861 o Treaty of Peace ! Southern Phrase ! Implies that the south wanted peace and the north started the war o Secession ! Northern Phrase The Importance of the Mississippi River i. Anaconda Plan-Winfield Scott (Union General) 1. Navy Blockade on Mississippi River and other Bodies of Water $
II.
III.
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a. Cut off all their supplies/Keep Britain out b. Stop them from sending cotton i. Cutting off their money 2. Mississippi River a. Send soldiers and supplies to the South 3. Move in from all sides Total War i. Ignore general (unwritten) rules of war ii. He made sure to destroy every piece of property he could 1. To speed up the end of the war a. Because if they didnt have farms for food or money then they couldnt live and it would speed up the war Reconstruction I. Assassination of Abraham Lincoln a. April 14th 1865 b. Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth i. Grew up in Virginia c. In Fords Theater d. Next president was Andrew Johnson i. Lincoln didnt like him and he didnt like Lincoln 1. Lincoln ran with him to get southern votes ii. Pro-Slavery II. Radical Republicans vs. Moderate Republicans Radical Republicans Moderate Republicans Do not want confederate states to o (Lincoln) get off easy o Goal: Get back to They want to punish south normalcy Wade-Davis Bill o 10% Plan o 51% must sign amnesty pledge o Ended up with this plan III. Black Codes a. Black Codes in Response i. Make it difficult for black men to vote 1. Voting tax 2. Literacy Test 3. Grandfather Clause: If your grandfather voted then you get to vote IV. KKK a. Ku Klux Klan i. White supremacist ii. Attacked and killed blacks V. Panic of 1873
IV.
a. The economy crashed because the railroad industry went bankrupt and fired many employees VI. Compromise of 1877 a. Hayes became president i. Gets the 20 electoral votes b. Democrats i. Were recalled from the South ii. All issues dealing with African Americans were left to the Southern state governments c. Redeemers i. Southern Democrats who brought their party back to power with the Compromise of 1877 Civil Rights Movement 1. Early Leaders ii. Booker T. Washington 1. Life Experience a. Born a slave 2. Expectation for Education a. Vocational Education i. Half day learning subjects ii. Other half day learning a blue collar job 3. His Strategy a. To improve economic status b. Strive for economic equality c. Delay the struggle to end Jim Crow d. Political equality will come with economic success 4. Auto Biography called Up From Slavery 5. Theodore Roosevelt was first President to invite an African-American to the White House a. Invited Booker T. Washington iii. W.E.B. Du Bois 1. Life Experience a. Doctorate From Harvard i. First African-American to do this 2. Expectation for Education a. Liberal Arts Education 3. The Lives of Black Folk a. Book about lives of black people b. Learned these stories from the kids he taught during summer school 4. His Strategy a. Demanded an end to segregation laws immediately
b. Demanded equal rights under the 14th Amendment using the courts c. Organize African Americans to achieve this goal 5. The Niagara Movement a. Niagara Falls, Canada b. 1909 c. first meeting of African Americans to discuss the problems or Racial injustice d. They wrote a memoir about civil rights for everybody not just blacks iv. Marcus Garvey o Creole ! Caribbean French o Pan Africanism ! Bring them back to Africa because they will only be equal if everyone is black ! Start organization to " Buy ships " Contributions " Arrested in 1922 for stealing money a. He was deported o Accomplishment ! Made black people proud of their race d. Africans Americans and Education i. Plessy v. Ferguson 1. Plessy light skinned black man who got onto white train and said he was black which got people outraged and they removed him from the train 2. Separate but equal a. As long as what they have the same amenities they can be separate ii. Brown v. Board of Education
1. Trying to integrate classes 2. Linda Brown is a young girls who her parents want integrated but the Board of Education doesnt allow it 3. Thurgood Marshall was the lawyer for Linda Brown a. Became the first African American on the Supreme Court 4. 2 main issues a. Is Separate but Equal Constitutional? i. 14th Amendment b. School integration everywhere 5. Verdict a. Separate but Equal is unconstitutional iii. Little Rock Nine 1. Sent nine blacks into a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas 2. Army sent to protect them or else they probably would have been killed iv. Ruby Bridges 1. First black child to be integrated into elementary school 2. In New Orleans, Louisiana 3. There was a rule a. She could not go to the cafeteria b. She could not go outside for recess 4. She said she was just lonely in school e. 2 Forms of Protest i. Martin Luther King, Jr. 1. Nonviolence
a. Civil Disobedience i. To disobey a law because it is immoral 1. Sit ins 2. Rosa Parks a. Had a college education b. Lived in Montgomery, Alabama c. Refused to get up for a white man on a bus d. Day of the trial the Montgomery Bus Boycott begins ii. Many state laws were passed prohibiting protesting 1. Violates Freedom of Assembly and Freedom of Speech 2. Sit-ins ii. Malcolm X and the Black Panthers 1. Born Malcolm Little 2. Philosophy a. Black nationalism b. A member of a group of militant Black people who urged separatism form white people and the establishment of self-governing Black communities 3. Nation of Islam a. He joined this as it was inline with his philosophy b. An organization composed chiefly of American Blacks, advocating the teachings of Islam and originally favoring the separation of races i. Members are known as Black Muslims 4. Violence=Freedom a. If you act violently you will have respect and wont be discriminated against 5. He was assassinated on February 21, 1965 6. Armed themselves 7. Vigilantes (take laws into their own hands) 8. #1 target were white policemen Immigration a. How can an immigrant become a citizen iii. Permanent vs. Temporary Residents 1. As a lawful permanent resident (LPR), one receives a permanent resident card (a green card), is
eligible to work, and may later apply for US citizenship 2. Diplomats, tourists, temporary agriculture workers, students, intercompany business, personnel. They are not eligible to get citizenship, may not work or work only for a particular place, and are required to leave the country when their visas expire.
b. Green Card vs. Visa
i. Category #1: Immediate Relatives of US Citizens (43% of total LPRs) 1. Spouses and unmarried children (under 21 years) of US citizens 2. Parents of US citizens aged 21 and older ii. Category #2: Family-Sponsored Immigration (23%) 1. In order of preference a. Un married sons and daughters (aged 21 and older) of US citizens b. Spouses and unmarried children of LPRs c. Married sons and daughters of US citizens d. Brothers and sisters of US citizens aged 21 and over iii. Category #3: Employment-Based Immigrants (16%) 1. Up to 155,000 visas in 5 preference categories: a. Priority workers with extraordinary ability in the arts athletics, business, education or science (STEM) b. Professionals with advanced degrees c. Skilled and unskilled workers in occupations deemed to be experiencing shortages d. Special immigrants such as ministers of religion e. people willing to invest at least $1 million in a business that creates at least 10 new jobs in the US 2. To fulfill a need by the American job market iv. Category #4: Refuges and Asylum Seekers (8%) 1. People who come to America because of persecution v. Category #5 Diversity Immigrants (5%) 1. Up to 50,000 green cards are given away through a lottery system to promote immigration from those countries that are not currently the principal sources of immigration to the US Applicants must have a high school diploma or equivalent or at least two years of training or experience in an occupation and are selected through a lottery vi. Why is there Illegal Immigration 1. Pathways of legal immigration are slow and costly: significant backlogs at USCIS 2. Non-citizens with LPR petitions are denied temporary admission to the US a. If you already filled out all the paper work to become an LPR you cannot even enter on a temporary visa b. Process is aggravating 3. Under the category of unskilled workers in shortage areas, there is a cap of only 10,000 green cards annually
a. Can't get a green card the official way so they give up trying the official way vii. Illegal and Legal Immigrants are not as Different as they Seem 1. Illegal immigrants pursue papers (drivers licenses, Social Security cards) 2. Many of those who are illegal have children or spouses who are legal residents or citizens 3. Many illegal immigrants fall through the legal cracks in terms of paperwork John Winthrop a. Had the idea of City on a Hill i. That America is what people look up to and strive for The DREAM Act a. A law which allows children that came here illegally to become legal if they go to college or serve in the military Push factors and pull factors a. Push i. What makes someone leave b. Pull i. What attracts someone to a certain place Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl a. Melting Pot i. Mixed in with society b. Salad Bowl i. In society but keeps their own identity See the chart on the next page for: a. Groups that immigrated to the US i. Chinese: 1. Chinese Exclusion Act 2. Quota 3. Xenophobia 4. Angel Island ii. Japanese: 1. Internment during WWII 2. Restitution iii. Irish: 1. Stereotyping 2. What kinds of jobs did immigrants get? 3. Where did they move? 4. Tenements 5. Acceptance iv. Italian: 1. Ellis Island 2. Catholic vs. Protestant Immigrants $
c. d. e.
f.
3. GI Bill v. Jewish: 1. Which Jews were in America before the 1880s? 2. Which Jews came in the 1880s and later? 3. The Galveston Plan a. German Jews were embarrassed by Eastern European Jews and made a plan to send them all on a boat to Galveston, Texas 4. How were Jewish immigrants different than other immigrant groups? a. They were from many different countries 5. Anti-Semitism in America a. On Chart Chart on Next Page
Chinese Immigrants
Push Factors Pull Factors 1. Escaping intense 1. Hope for economic conflicts including many opportunity wars 2. Americans were offering the Chinese immigrants jobs for very little money and knew the Chinese would not fight back
Japanese Immigrants
American Xenophobia and Discrimination* Discrimination Chinese Exclusionary Act First law to restrict immigrants Rutherford B. Hayes vetoes the bill Much later the veto is overridden but it is his political suicide and he is not reelected Started with quotas Chinese Immigration would be outlawed until the 1920s Angel Island was used to keep track of those who were trying to come to the US from China Some immigrants would be let in some would be sent back They detained immigrants who seemed ill and would watch to see if they recovered. If they didnt they could be sent back to China Acceptance Once they achieved financial success 1. Japanese Farmers 1. Economic Discrimination against Japanese were heavily taxed Opportunities Immigrants in America and Coming to 2. Farmers were losing MONEY GROWS America their land ON TREES! They Segregated in schools 3. Netsu-(emigration fever) made 3 times as Denies them their own land excitement about much money doing Denies entry to almost all Asians leaving the same job in World War II and Its Impact on Japanese America Americans 2. Divide and Rule 1941 America Declared War on Japan strategy by Japanese Internment Plantation owners All persons of Japanese Ancestry Want immigrants were forced out of their houses and from many brought to camps countries so they 120,000 Japanese Americans were dont speak the put into camps same language Acceptance Restitution (Payback
Irish Immigration
1. Potato Famine 18451852 2. Laws making it very difficult for the Lower Class to survive 3. Woman Lack of Dowry
Italian Immigration
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Primitive farming Bad crops Heavy taxes Overpopulation 2 volcano explosions
for Internment) 1987 House votes to make a formal apology George H. Bush signs a law into place to give $20,000 per survivor 1. America is The Discrimination Protestant vs. Catholic Land of The Irish are mainly Catholic Opportunities Americans dont like the Pope 2. Freedom Huge fear that Irish people would be 3. Adventure loyal to the Pope and not to the country America Acceptance They had a lot of Irish only units in the civil war This showed they were willing to die for their country 1. Only men came at Discrimination first hoping to just They were the largest immigrant group send money back at the time to help the family at See Stereotypes below home. Immigration Act of 1924 2. After they sent for Anti Southern European (Italian) Act their families stories Creating quotas for that population spread about the Changes during WWII riches and Many Italians were discriminated opportunities in the against during the war (compare to US and the Japanese) mythical idea of Acceptance roads paved with Many Italian immigrants fought for gold gave hope to the United States during the war many peasants GI Bill 3. Politically stable Benefits for WWII veterans (Freedom) including financial help going to 4. Jobs college 5. No restrictions on As a result many Italianimmigration (at the Americans could get different time) as opposed to kinds of jobs other countries Italian immigrants who fought in 6. Birds of passage
which will prevent strikes
Jewish Immigration
1. Pogroms 2. Russo-Japanese War** 3. Jewish restrictions imposed by governments 4. Persecution 5. Economic hardship 6. Overpopulation
1. Freedom From governments and persecution 2. Equality 3. Job opportunities 4.
the war were also considered American heroes (compare to Irish) Discrimination Anti-Semitism during early 1900s Henry Ford accused the Jews of trying to take over the world Helped publish The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and The Dearborn Independent Many publicly places were off-limits to Jews (hotels, social clubs, etc.) Ivy League schools and medical schools created quotas for Jews It was difficult to find white-collar jobs During WWII After the Immigration Act of 1924 quotas were placed on people coming from Europe This kept Jews from coming in mass numbers during German Prosecution Only 21,000 people escaped to the USA during the war Low economy High unemployment Social frustration of getting involved
African Americans Irish
Chinese
Italian Jews
Stereotypes 1. Black face 1. Lazy 2. Wispy hair 3. Small noses 1. Outcasts 2. Hair 3. Clothing 4. Yellow 5. Eyes 1. Weak 2. Dumb 1. Big noses 2. Greedy 3. Cheap 4. Curly hair 5. Beard
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! * Fear of foreignors Reasons Disease Losing jobs Changing Culture Welfare Property Many did not stay long, returned back to Italy An organized massacre of a particular ethnic group ** 1904 Americans do not want immigrants while there is a poor economy because they are afraid they will take their jobs NOT COMPLETELY NEEDED A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

Imperialism a. Definition iv. Isolationism 1. A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, esp. the political affairs of other countries. v. Imperialism 1. A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. b. Thomas Paine vi. Thomas Paine wrote his Anti-British book in 1776. He stated that there was no need for Americans to ever make alliances with other countries. Therefore, they would never have to defend anyone in war. 1. Called Common Sense c. 5 ideas about the United States relationship with other countries (with at least one example of each): vii. Washingtons Farewell Address 1. Telling America not to get involved with any other countries politics or wars viii. The Monroe Doctrine 1. The US will defend North America as it directly relates to them ix. The Roosevelt Corollary 1. Big Stick Diplomacy a. Roosevelt believed that the US needed to be in charge of everything in the Western Hemisphere b. He believed the Monroe Document didnt apply any more i. He made a change The Roosevelt Corollary 1. Some countries owed money to European countries and were refusing to pay their debts 2. Roosevelt wanted these countries to pay so the European countries wouldnt attack 3. Roosevelt realized he has to force them to pay 4. In 1904 he announced the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stating that America could use police power in America when needed x. Tafts Dollar Diplomacy
1. The next president was William Howard Taft agreed with Roosevelt and getting involved in Latin America but disagreed over how to do it 2. Substituting bullets for dollars 3. Dollar Diplomacy in action a. In 1911 Nicaragua refused to pay a loan back to England b. American bankers lent $1.5 billion to Nicaragua to pay off the debt and they took over the government owned railroads c. Many Nicaraguans rose up in protest against this change d. Taft sent US Marines to stop the rebellion xi. Wilsons Moral Diplomacy 1. Woodrow Wilson became president in 1913 2. He disagreed with Tafts Dollar Diplomacy because it was self-serving for the Americans and was not necessarily in the best interests of other countries 3. Instead Wilson believed that it was Americas obligation to promote Democracy all over the world and especially in the Western Hemisphere 4. Like Roosevelt Wilson was willing to use the military to promote his beliefs 5. As of 1914 why would the US get involved with other countries o Promote democracy ! Wilson o Trade ! Washington ! Taft ! Roosevelt o Protecting US citizens ! Monroe ! McKinley ! Mahan o Protecting US economy ! Roosevelt ! Taft ! Wilson d. The Spanish-American War xii. Causes and trigger of the war
1. In January 1898, the United States sent the USS Maine to the Havana Harbor to protect American interests in Cuba (citizens and economic interests). 2. On February 15 of that year, the Maine exploded and sank. 266 men died. 3. The cause of the explosion 4. was unclear. 5. The American press blamed 6. Spain. xiii. How did the war lead to American imperialism? 1. Because America ended up conquering many countries including: a. Philippians b. Cuba c. Guam d. Puerto Rico e. Yellow Journalism and Jingoism xiv. Yellow Journalism 1. Definition a. Journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration xv. Jingoism 1. Definition a. Patriotic Yellow Journalism f. Americas relationship with: xvi. Hawaii 1. Missionaries came in the early 1800s 2. Missionaries became very wealthy 3. Bayonet Constitution a. Missionaries forced the King of Hawaii to sign a constitution to give them more power b. In 1891 the king died and his sister became queen c. She hated the Americans and wanted a new Constitution to give Hawaiians freedom d. The Americans rebelled with the assistance of the US Marines and won 4. 1898 congress annexed Hawaii xvii. The Philippines 1. Wanted freedom after the Spanish American War 2. McKinley wanted them for trade so he didnt allow the freedom 3. They rebelled and killed 4,600 American soldiers 4. America released control in 1946 xviii. Cuba
1. The US set up a military government 2. They set up a constitution (Platt Amendment) so that Cuba couldnt sign treaties 3. America left in 1900 after Cuba signed the agreement xix. Japan 1. Tried to stay isolationist 2. Failed to make an alliance in 1853 3. Commodore Matthew Perry returned with war ships, soldiers and technological items 4. The agreement was signed in 1858 WWI a. America joins WWI i. The Zimmerman Telegram 1. Goal keep US out of Europe 2. Plan a. Conditional Alliance b. If US gets hit by U-Boat and joins Allies c. Then Mexico should attack the US d. They think England is about to give up i. They were the strongest ii. The Lusitania 1. Passenger ship sunk by a German U-Boat killing many Americans iii. British Propaganda 1. Britain was sending the US propaganda telling how horrible the Germans were being b. New kinds of warfare i. Trench warfare ii. Planes 1. Dogfight c. Propaganda
II. Propaganda and WWI a. What is Persuasion? i. A means of convincing people 1. To buy a certain product 2. To believe or act in a certain 3. To agree with a certain idea b. Propaganda i. Information, ideas or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. ii. Common Techniques 1. Slogan: Can you here me now? a. A catchy phrase or statement often used to sell a service or a product 2. Repetition a. The name of a product is repeated many times 3. Bandwagon a. Persuading people to do something by letting others are doing it b. Give the impression that you will be left out if you dont do what you are persuading to do 4. Testimonials a. A well-known person supports a product or service b. Experts approve this product so you should use it 5. Emotional Appeal a. A person is made to have strong feelings about a situation or product b. Using the words of a famous person to persuade you Got Milk? c. Loaded words that make people feel strongly for example: love/hate d. Sports figures promoting athletic gear, sports drinks, or shoes 6. Expert Opinion a. Ads using scientific sounding language to make a product seem more effective b. Appeals to the audiences intellect c. Four out of five dentists d. Studies show iii. American Propaganda 1. Americans were not eager to enter the war and Americans of German ancestry tended to support Germany not Britain and France 2. The governments first task was to convince citizens that they must support the war effort without hesitation $
3. Committee on Public Information a. Propaganda agency aiming their propaganda at Americans citizens c. The 1920s in the US i. Youth Culture 1. With more jobs, people could afford to move out after high school 2. Dance clubs and car racing started (swing dancing/music more popular) 3. More people got education in 20's than ever before because they saw the kinds of jobs they could get ii. Problems In The 1920's 1. The Red Scare - Americans were scared communists would take over America 2. Immigration - Xenophobia took over as immigrants over populated cities 3. Prohibition a. 18th Amendment b. Illegalized alcohol except for religious purposes (sacramental wines) c. The 21st Amendment later repealed it d. Jazz Age
i. Radio ii. Other Pastimes 1. Movies, many people went to a movie once a week. In 1927, the first movie with sound, a "talkie" premiered. It was called The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson (preformed with Black Face) 2. Sports, especially baseball (Babe Ruth) iii. Music: 1. Jazz Developed in New Orleans 2. African Americans blended European harmonies with African rhythms 3. Controversy: improvising, rhythm, Black Music mixed with Wasp Music - break all rules of music! 4. The Younger Generation loved this music and the dances that went along with it 5. Louis Armstrong, well known trumpeter who was the first person to "solo" 6. Blues music, from Mississippi also became popular at the time iv. The Harlem Renaissance: 1. Blacks moved North during WWI to cities 2. Development of African American culture a. Ended with Great Depression v. How did it affect American History? 1. African Americans comes to white America 2. "African American" culture: a new culture for black people in America

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RED$TEXT$IS$FROM$NOTES$ BLACK$IS$FROM$REVIEW$SHEET$

b. Green Card vs. Visa

Primitive farming Bad crops Heavy taxes Overpopulation 2 volcano explosions

which will prevent strikes

1. Freedom From governments and persecution 2. Equality 3. Job opportunities 4.

African Americans Irish

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