1.IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN MAINTANING A BALANCED ECOSYSYTEM 2.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN AGRICULTURE 3.

IMPORTANCE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LIVING ORGANISM AND THE ENVIROMENT Photosynthesis is important because it helps in maintaining a balanced level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Photosynthesis also helps in converting inorganic raw materials into food that provides our ecosystem with energy.

What is Photosynthesis?

Clermont College's Biology department explains that photosynthesis is the process by which some plants and algae transform light energy into carbon energy, storing it as glucose that provides nutrition to the plant. The actual process occurs in the chloroplasts that give some plants their green pigment.

Sustains Life

Plants and algae that rely on photosynthesis to create and store energy become food for many other organisms, transferring that energy to organisms at all levels of the food chain. When herbivores eat plants, they absorb the energy stored by plants through photosynthesis. When carnivores consume herbivores, they also consume the stored energy originally captured by plants and later by the herbivores. Decomposers feed off of tissue from dead carnivores, also absorbing the energy that passed through the food chain from the plants, herbivores and carnivores.

Improves Air Quality

The Arizona State University Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis indicates that human reliance on fossil fuels has resulted in an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, causing many environmental problems. Photosynthesis helps remove carbon emissions by consuming them and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere, counteracting the effects of carbon emissions and cleaning the air for humans, plants and animals to breathe.

Read more: What Is the Importance of Photosynthesis in Nature? | eHow http://www.ehow.com/facts_6979517_importance-photosynthesis-nature_.html#ixzz2UPbgYs9S

Biological control proves to be very successful economically, and even when the method has been fairly unsuccessful, it still produces a benefit-to-cost ratio of 11:1. One study has estimated that a successful biological control program returns 32 in benefits for each 1 invested in developing and implementing the program, i.e. a 32:1 benefit-to-cost ratio. The same study had shown that an average chemical pesticide program only returned profits in the ratio of 2.5:1 Unlike some cases of chemical pesticide programs, biological control reduces, but does not eradicate pest populations. Therefore a successful biological control program relies on finding the right balance between the level of suppression (of the pests) and the level of how much a user is prepared to tolerate the pests: Pests that directly feed on a harvested product are tolerated little and it is unlikely that a suitable level of suppression can be reached solely with biological control; however, it is also very difficult to incorporate biological control with other programs that may use pesticides and thus biological control is a not an effective method at fighting pests that can cause very large scale damage to a crop. Biological control is used more effectively against pests with high tolerance levels, i.e. pests that may defoliate plants but not significantly impact crop yields. In conclusion, both chemical and biological control of pests can be used in different ways to fight pests. Chemical pesticides are highly effective against pests that feed directly on crops over a very large area, but must be used safely and economic problems of modern pesticide use must be taken into consideration greatly. Biological control is recognized as being more effective against pests that are tolerable enough to only need to be suppressed, not destroyed entirely this method is friendlier to the environment and generally more profitable than chemical pesticides.

Organisms are open systems that exchanges materials and energy with their surroundings. All organisms interact with its environment. This includes factors such as other organisms and also nonliving things. An example of an organism interacting with its environment is when tree roots absorb minerals from the soil and the tree takes in carbon dioxide from the air. In return, these trees release oxygen into the air which benefits humans. The roots of the tree changes soil by breaking up rocks in the soil into smaller pieces. The environment and the organism are greatly affected by the interacting going on between the two. The tree also works together with the other living organisms like the animals that eat leaves and fruit from them. The interactions that go on between organisms and their environments make up the ecosystem. The workings of an ecosystem are made up of two important processes. The cycling of nutrients is one part. Minerals obtained by plants will soon enough be returned to the soil by microorganisms. These microorganisms can decompose dead roots, leaf liter, and other debris. The second important process in an ecosystem is the process of energy flowing from sunlight to plant life to living organisms that consume plants for food. Organisms are open systems that exchange energy and materials with their everyday surroundings. Knowing this allows scientists to understand all living organisms on a more complex level. The exchange of energy that goes on between an organism and its environment involves the transference of energy from one form of energy to another. An example of this is when a leaf makes sugar, it changes energy form the sun to chemical energy. This chemical energy is what forms sugar molecules. Then animals eat the plants and their muscle cells use sugar as a source of energy which fuels its movements. In this process muscle cells convert chemical energy to kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. Organisms are open systems interact on a constant base with their environments. This process of interaction is the transference of energy. Studying how organisms interact with their environments show how everything is connected in nature. There is a cycle of life process that is constantly taking place daily. Living organisms require an ongoing intake of chemical energy and the release of heat by motion. Organisms release this form of motion energy into its surroundings. Organisms in an ecosystem work together, thus not wasting one source of energy that is taken in or that is release. What one organism puts out another organism can use.

Advantage of biological control 1. It does not pollute the environment 2. It does not kill other organisms other than the pests because natural enemies of the pests are used. 3. It is cheap and safe to use. Disadvantages of biological control In malaysia, an increase number of crow has posed a problem to people in Klang.

Crows used to control the hawk moth .With food scraps available in Klang ,the crow population increased.

(a) Plants depend on water, sunlight and soil to grow (b) Animals eat plants as their food (c) Animals also eat other animals for food (d) When living organisms die, microorganisms decompose their

bodies
(e) Decomposed organisms give back nutrients to the soil (f) Plants use these nutrients for food