Professional Documents
Culture Documents
S A Karunaratne 29-01-2013
Paper & Envelope Sizes & Drawing Sizes Title Panel, Scales, Line Thickness & Abbreviations Layouts, Axes & Grid Lines & G A Drawings Levels & Dimensions Slabs & Beams
What is presented ?
(VII)
(IIX) (IX) (X)
Staircases
Corbels & Nibs Footings, Piles & Pile Caps Bar Bending Schedules (XI) What should be done & what should not be done
Paper - A Series A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 841 594 420 297 210 148 105 74 52 37 26 x x x x x x x x x x x 1189 841 594 420 297 210 148 105 74 52 37
Paper - B Series B0 1000 x B1 707 x B2 500 x B3 353 x B4 250 x B5 176 x B6 125 x B7 88 x B8 62 x B9 44 x B10 31 x 1414 1000 707 500 353 250 176 125 88 62 44
Envelopes - C Series C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 917 648 458 324 229 162 114 81 57 40 28 x x x x x x x x x x x 1297 917 648 458 324 229 162 114 81 57 40
Sizes of Paper A & B & Envelopes C are defined by halving preceding size
3
A1 A0 A2
Size A Paper fits to same size Envelope e.g., A4 to C4 Size B Paper fits to one number lower size Envelope e.g., B4 to C3
Notes
MA2-4 MA0-1
Revisions
Title Panel
75 - 200
M L = 20mm minimum
105
MA2-4 MA0-1
Drawing Title
Drawn by (Name) Designed by (Name) Checked by (Name & Signature) Approved by (Name & Signature) Scales & drawn Scale Office Job Number
Recommended scales
GA 1 : 100 Wall & Slab details Beam & Column sections 1 : 50 1 : 20 Beam & Column elevations 1 : 50
SAK
Made by Signature
24-06-2008
Date
Revision Description
(ii) Exposure moderate - C40 30mm Cover to R/F (iii) 1 hour fire resistance 20mm
30mm
Nominal cover
25 0.65 275 C30 mm
mm
mm
20 25 30 40 60
0.50 350 C45
mm
20 20 25 30 50
0.45 400 C50
Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm Table is for normal-weight aggregate of 20mm nominal max. size
Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm Additional measures are required to reduce spalling Cover to main R/F given in Tables 4.2 & 4.3 is considered.
BS 8500-1 Concrete Part 1: 2002 Method of specifying & guidance for the specifier BS 8500-2 Concrete Part 2: 2002 Specification for constituent materials & concrete ; BS 5328 withdrawn 1-12-2003
A List of Abbreviations
ABR Bw Bwk = Alternate Bar Reversed = Both ways = Brick work = Centre Line = drawing Blk B Crs = block work = Bottom = Centres
drg
FF
FS horiz NF pkt RRM T
= Front face
= Full size = Horizontal = Near face = pocket = Random rubble masonry = Top
FFL
H
R
NTS RC SFL vert
R/F drgs
150F holes need not be shown; but refer to drgs As-Built or Record drgs: amend original drawings as constructed
1
7000
E
6000
A
6000
B
6000
C
6000
D
6000
Road
B
6000
Access
6000
7000
6000
Plan - Detail
Main Road
LAYOUT PLAN
DETAIL PLAN
ORIENTATION OF DRAWINGS
Key Plan
Axes commence at LLC and up. Omit I and O Grids commence at LUC and right Columns A1, A2 are at intersection of A & 1, A & 2 etc Beam reference is panel LLC column identification & a suffix say A11, A12 etc
1 C C C
C12
2 C
C22 B23
3 C
B11
B21
B12
B22
A11
A21
A23
A12
A22
LLC
A31
B31
C25/ 30
Concrete C40/50
C35/45
C32/40
C25/30
C20/25
Building Structures are Designed from top (roof) to bottom (foundations) Building Structures are usually constructed from foundations to roof Therefore typical details should be referred from bottom (foundation level) to top (roof level) and not from top to bottom to avoid confusion at construction stage.
Levels
in metres
50
Dimensioning recommendations
Unit for layouts and levels is metre; say 2.450, 128.400, 9.125m Unit for R/F and sections is millimeter; say 5, 35, 2575 (can avoid writing mm and dimension to whole mm) Place dimensions above and not through dimension lines or not inside details. Place to view from bottom or RHS of drg.
SLABS 1
BAR CURTAILMENT
SIMPLE RULES
SLABS 2
BAR ANCHORAGE
TYPICAL
TWO-WAY
SLAB
1 H G F E
Open courtyard
D C B A
From experience recommend continuous nominal top R/F in: (1) All coloured panels preferably in open courtyard situations (2) All the slab panels in a roof to avoid shrinkage cracks
l x = 4000
Cut & replace equal area bars either side. Extend bars 45F beyond hole
45F
TRIMMING OF HOLES 2
(g) If hole side (500 - 1000) treat as in (f) but trim with similar bars at top. If element depth is >= 250 furnish diagonal bars top and bottom. 45f min
(h) In group of holes within 500 or less treat as single hole and trim as in (f); but bars should pass alongside where possible. (i) In group of holes within 500 and 1000 treat as single hole and trim as in (f) and (g).
Cutting element bars passing through hole and furnishing a stirrup as a trimmer is totally wrong
Joints in Slabs 1
Control joints a retooled, sawed, or pre-moulded joints to allow for shrinkage of large concrete areas.
Control joints create a weakened section that induce cracking to occur along the joint, rather than in a random fashion.
Isolation joints provide a separation between a slab on grade and columns or walls, so that each can move independently.
Expansion Joints 2
In a 100mm thick concrete walkway, what is the typical spacing for expansion joints? 6m on center accommodates movement due to both expansion and contraction
EXPANSION JOINTS 3
BEAMS 1
BAR CURTAILMENTS SIMPLE RULES 1
BEAMS 2
BEAMS 3
ANCHORAGE & LAP LENGTHS
(ii) If assembled at works - Span main bars lapped at or near the support. Link support bars lapped with ends of top main bars.
(iii) Max. link space 0.75d longitudinal & 150mm horizontal space between tension bars (iv) Max. area Asc or Ast <= 4%bh; Min. Asc > = 0.2 & Ast >= 0.13
(V) Maxim. Clear Distance between tension bars ab<=160 Short line at 300 and tagged
50 11R6-08-150 VARIES 25 25
50 23R10-05-250 27R10-05-250
11R6-08-150 VARIES
23R10-05-250
27R10-05-250
Bar curtailment not shown completely Sometimes stirrup arrangement not shown
b =500
>1000 for EC2
b = 500
sb
ab <= 160
450
F side bar =
sb x b / fy
Even in EC2
DO NOT ALLOW
1000 1000
185
TIE ALL COMPRESSION BARS TIE TENSION BARS WHEN GAP >150
(8) All vertical bars to be tied if space > 150mm and all alternate bars to be tied by links
(9) Maximum space between main R/F; Compression <=300 Tension <=175
DETAILS OF COLUMNS 1
ACI 318-02 in new Appendix A recommends hooking bars towards the center of the column to develop full flexural strength of the column.
tension lap
tension lap
t>= 300; 4 corner bars t< 300; 2 corner bars Horizontal bar outside easy to fix t>= 300; 4 corner bars t< 300; 2 corner bars Horizontal bar inside difficult to fix
WALL REINFORCEMENT
For shrinkage effects (a) Min. R/F both vertical & horizontal 1 face or
each face
(b) Vertical R/F; (i) Min. Asc = 0.4% (0.2% each face) (ii) Max. Asc = 4%
(iii) When Asc > 2%; Max. bar space >= 16 x vertical bar size
DETAILS OF WALLS
500T16-02-250 NF 500T12-03-250 FF
500T16-02-250 NF 500T12-03-250 FF
12T10-04-200 NF
500T16-01-250 NF 12T10-04-200 NF
500T16-01-250 NF
12T10-05-200 FF
12T10-05-200 FF
DETAILS OF STAIRCASES
Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F. Large bend required on plan Two column links close to corbel top
Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F. Large bend required as in elevation Two column links close to corbel top
Compression anchorage
Compression anchorage
CORBELS
Tension anchorage length Tension anchor if "U" bars used Closed links or "U" bars be used Tie to at least two main longitudinal reinforcement Link F should not more than 12 Lacer bar same F as horizontal "U" bars Horizontal "U" bars. F <= 16
t >= 140
NIBS
PAD FOOTING 1
Detailing of Pile Locations & Pile Cap Drawings (1) Show the pile centers wrt grid lines (2) Do not indicate dimensions from grid lines to site boundaries (3) Indicate cut off levels and anticipated rock levels (4) Indicate concrete grade, cover to reinforcement (5) Pile diameters, Identity of Pile, Pile Groups and number of piles (6) Pile cap dimensions (7) Indicate column or wall starters (8) Show the radius of bend of main reinforcement of piles (9) Provide outer (peripheral) bursting reinforcement T16@200 (10) Indicate pitch of links if different at top and the rest of the pile length (11) Indicate whether the links are helical or circular (12) Use nominal top reinforcement in large pile caps to avoid shrinkage cracks
+0.70 +0.20
VARIES 500
PILE
PILE CUT OFF LEVE (m) -1.250 -1.250 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 -1.975 1200 1000 900 24 31 15 800 28 600 08
2500
F
3800
7500
6000
8623kN P13
1516
8910kN P16
P10
E
1/1200 F
6000
1200 1200
P23 P22
PILE PILE PILE GROUP F NO NO (mm) S P1 800 S P2 800 P11 900 PG9 P12 900 P13 900 P14 900 PG9 P15 900 P16 900
823
6000
PG1 2/800 F
PILE F NO OF PILES
LAYOUT
75
7T16- 05 (a to g) -100 B1
SEVEN NUMBERS HIGH TENSILE SIXTEEN MM DIAMETER BAR MARK ZERO FIVE VARYING LENGTH a TO h
AT HUNDRED MM CENTERS AT
BOTTOM OUTER LAYER
STEMS
No of bars in each
Bar mark
Member
Beam T 01 B1 20 T 02 20 T 03 12 T 04 10 T 05 10 R 06 6 T 10
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 8 3 20 20 10
Straight
B mm
24-06-08 SAK
What should and should not be done by Junior Structural Design Engineers (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Study the scope of works, and understand the Architectural drawings Discuss with senior engineers the concept and develop the GA Drawings Obtain approval from architects the GA drawings Discuss with Building Services Engineers ducts & opening sizes ect. Discuss with Architect, Services Engineers the clear depth between beam soffit & ceilings (6) Use computer meaningfully and double check the outputs with simple manual calculations (7) Obtain approval of sketches from senior engineers prior to draughting (8) Check drawings prior to obtaining senior engineers signature in drawings What should and should not be done by draughtspersons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Study and understand the Architectural drawings Check whether the sketches are signed by senior engineers Study the sketches and if doubtful check with the designer Do not blindly copy (cut and paste) from other details without understanding If schedules are not given elevate all beams in one direction in some order without mixing up in other direction beams (6) Give cross reference to typical details of lower levels not from top levels (7) Indicate overall dimensions in plans & sectional elevation of buildings
Thank you