Circuit-switched network (PSTN)

A dedicated path is established between

two stations for communication

Telephone set

Hook switch

Hybrid

Hook switch & Ringer

On-hook
- 48 V

Ringing signal
75-90 Vrms
f=18-25 Hz

Hook
switch

48 V

Relay Coil

Relay contact

Hook switch
Off-hook
Hook
switch

48 V

Relay Coil

Relay contact

 Hybrid
2w to 4w

Side tone
ZL

ZN (Balancing impedance)

Dialing
Pulse Dialing
pulse

Dual Tone Multifrequency dialing (DTMF)

(Hz) 697+1209

697+1336

697+1477

770+1209

770+1336

852+1209

852+1336

852+1477

941+1336

(Hz) 770+1477

Subscriber line signaling

(A)

(E)

(B)

Off-Hook E
Dial tone A
E
Busy tone
On-Hook E

B Busy tone A
B Ringing tone B
Ringback tone A

Off-Hook E

On Hook

 Signaling
Tone

(Hz)

On Time (S)

Off Time (S)

Dial

350+440

Busy

480+620

.5

.5

Ringback, Normal

440+480

Ringback, PBX

440+480

Local Network

Subscriber terminal
Drop wire
DP
CCP
MDF
Switching

TDF

Subscriber terminal
Drop wire
Distribution point (DP)
Distribution cable
Cross connect point (CCP)
Feeder cable
Main distribution frame
Switching
Microwave

Local Exchange
Transmission Distribution frame
Coaxial Cable

Signaling
Signaling
Signaling

Interexchange Signaling
A seizure
B
B Ack.
A
A Dial info.
Ack.
B
Address
complete
A B
off hook

Seizure

Ack.
Dial info.
Address complete
Called sub. off hook
Charge impulses
Called sub. on hook
Calling sub. on hook, release

 Signaling
Seizure R2
100 ms

Compelled signaling

Inchannel or Channel-associated signaling

Signaling Subscriber line
signaling inchannel signaling
Signaling PCM PCM30 Time slot 16
Signaling 30

16 frames Multiframe
TS1-15 17-31 30
PCM30 E1

common channel signaling (CCS)

Signaling
1 Time slot PCM30 Signaling
2000
PCM30 10 Time slot 16
9

9 309

Common Channel Signaling (CCS)

Signaling system No. 7 (SS7)
Signaling links are carried by the digital
transmission channels of PCM trunks

CCS associated mode

A
Speech

Switching

Signaling

6-2

Switching

CCS link

CCS Associated mode

Signaling

CCS Quasi associated mode

A

B
Speech

Switching
ee

ee
ch

Sp

Sp

ch

Switching

Switching
Signaling
C

lin

Signaling
k

CC

lin

Signaling

Fully dissociated mode

B

A
Speech

Switching

Signaling

Signaling

Switching

CC

lin

Signaling

lin

C
C

Switching

(Ringing signal)

(Busy test)

(Supervisory)

Stored-Program control (SPC)

EWSD10 250,000

60,000 Trunk

EWSD10
4

EWSD10
1 Access
trunk
network (SN)
input
,

Network
Network
Output

Access
Digital line unit (DLU)

ISDN terminal

concentrator DLU

944
Line/Trunk Group(LTG)
120 (PCM30 4)

-Subscriber line module A (SMLA)

-48




PCM30
Subscriber line

SMLB
ISDN terminal
PCM30
DLU 1
ISDN terminal 432

Remote control unit (RCU)

DLU
Remote control unit (RCU) RCU 1
DLU 6
Line/Trunk Group (LTG) PCM30
Subscriber line

 Line/Trunk Group (LTG)

PCM30 DLU
Trunk Multiplex
PCM 128
8 Mbps
Data announcement system (DAS)


"
..."

Terminal equipment (TE)

Terminal
equipment (TE)

 Network

Space switch
Input Output
Time Slot
Time switch Time slot Time slot

 Time slot 3 1 Time

slot 17 N Time switch
Time slot 3 Time slot 17 Space
switch 1 N

Coordination

Coordination processor (CP)

External memory (EM)

Hard disk
Operation and maintenance terminal (OMT)

System panel (SYP)

Operator
Message Buffer (MB)
Message

Central clock generator (CCG)

Synchronous

Signaling
Signaling
CCSS NO.7

A simple call through the switch

A calls B in the same switch
A goes off-hook to call B
Call originating is detected by DLU
DLU sends a message to CP via the SN
and validates customer As line
dial tone is provided to A by LTG
After the first digit is dialed and received by the
line module the dial tone is removed
Dialed digits are passed to the CP for analysis
If the dialed number is valid, time slots are
assigned for a and B

 Bs line is checked for busy/idle status

Power ringing is applied to B if its found
to be idle
Audible ringing is applied to As line
When B answers, a path is provided
through the network via previously
assigned time slots
If A disconnects the line module detects
the on-hook condition and idles the
connection