1III

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

PRIFJ

110

'ing students
stu
to success in
The last five years of preparing
d ifferent exam i nations and.also suiccess
sr"icces in Xl and Xll classes has
ents really
re
needed is a book that
made me realize that what students
problems in the shortest time
imparts the necessary skills to solve
llve prr
retical aspect ofthe students.
without compromising the theoretical
rmulas briefly and then goes
This book introduces the Formulas
straight into solving problems.
eaned acknowledge of the
The formulas in this book cleaned
problem solving which are now
problems present where as the probler
tics examinations
exi
and test
more prevalent in the mathematics
preparation require s a great ability
ility or an knowledge acquired

else.

]llF II,

11

This book contain short pages

es and easy to take in the class
formulas in this book are chapterr wise that you don't difficulty to
solve the exercises of Xl and Xll.
reader to improve in content and
Formulas from my steamed reader
gr
illbe
be greatly
appreciated and
style are always welcome and will

acknowledged.
Thank ybu for choosing my book.
ret
. May you find it stlrnulating and rewarding.

Yours siricerely
Raheem Bux Shaikh Chak

Lecturer in Mathematics
Suk
Govt: tslamia Science College Sukkur
Cel!: 03313091150
r.edu.pk
E.mail: rahim.bux@giscsukkur.ed
.

lllil

NIQU: ATHEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

30 T

THJ5R 7fR

5
6

<
>

rv

26
27
28
29
3

31
32

sym:

Description
Lambdo
Omega

nd

Or

For oll

lmplies
lf and only

if

(tff )
8
9

5 c

Belongs to

33
34

Parallel
Perpendiculo

Complement of A
Theta

Proportional to

25

lntegral

lp

Beto
Gomma

Non parallel

38
39

Percentage

Therefore
Becouse
Riqht angled
Triangle
Riqht angle

Zl

41

42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

21
22
23
24

nfinf[
Foctorial

here f [

Square Root
Cube

root

17
18
19

Proportion

Proper Subset
Super set or equal
Superset
Power set of A
A Difference B

35
35

12
13
14
15
15

R [ 0

11

Not Belongs to
Subset or equol to

Proff: Muhammad Saleem Shaikh

Head of Department of Mathematics
Govt: lslamia Science College Sukkur

2
3
4

than
Equal to
or
Less thon
Greater than
Greater than or Equal
to
Equol to
Equivalent to
Not Equal to
Less

wish Prof: Raheem Bux best of luck for the future

svm:

Description

that one of the competent and

hardworking teacher of mathematics proff: Rahim Bux shaikh
Lecturer in Govt: lslamia science college sukkur has brought out
an improved guide of mathematics for class X, Xl, Xll and B.sc.
Verily this guide bears welr exprained formuras and short
definitions in a very easy and understandable manner His
previous book was an instant hit. so much that allthe copies
were sold within the period of few days
This time he has worked for this guide and has made
valuable addition for young learners
This book speaks volumes of prof: Raheem Bux's professional
attitude and hard work. I am very much sure that if students get
through this guide, they will learn a great deal and find improved
performance in mathematics

I am extremely glad

rv

UNIQU MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

vNIIUEI

ATHEMATICslo MulAE

rgebra
(1)

m.

(3) (

m)

(2)

=
(24) r
f R

:
=

1

(o.b)m= T.b

(4)

=[ :
=

O=

{6)

(5) (:)

so xo=L

:
171

1f:
a3
(14)

(1'
(16)
(17)
(18)
(20)

. 71

b iS M :

=2( +b)
(25)Per
R

(26) r f rr
X er :s b 5 is

"

(27) Areaof Tri.angle

(28) 5 = o+!+c

-.f@

Fi
=

jZjl

rr
(,0} r
9

+b+

re sid s

=:(bl
,)

/ gre:OS b.is b s l
b2iS b S 2
(31)4r , :rC = r2 riS

us
jlC
f

: :

jrc =
(34)c: 12

nd ofangresf
Th ere are six kinds of aneles

,lal(alb)

.(J 1 (

b7)

Name
Acute
angle

:+,

=
'I
+ cz + z(ab + bc * ca)
1+`
= sz'aD'z
=

97 ( Tb)(al b)
q? --'63 = (n 61ia, + ab +
.:
aa - ba - (ct - b)(a3 + azb * abz + b=)
'' 1,I

bz)

1 1

'1

sid.e

a)

Discription

F7

Figure

'

An angle which is
less than 900

An angle which is
equal to 90o

Obtuse

W j is
4

angle

9o0
realbr
:oss t a 180

Str :

An angle whichis
equal to 1B0o

(21) Area of, Square = a2. a is any sid"e

(22) Perimetre of Square = 4a a-is any
.(23) Perimetre is sum of all sides

1)

:'
ll :ri fr= :,:[1
+ C)( 2 b2+ 7 9b
(

Geometry:

1 14

:i

.(1

(29)P rimetr
/

i:
11

: 111:

Js

180

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATIC,FORMULAE

Ref lex

Complete
angle

An angle which is
equal to 3600

d nd ttcr
:

r
ar

es
9

Alternatiue
ongles

a
36

angle

An angle which is
greater than 1B0o
and less than360o

Co

y
t

r 9

7Ld

interior

r O ,723 r Or
s d sum

angles

iS

180

hes
Name

Parallel
lines
Perpendicula
lines

Discription
Those lines which do not
tntersect each other

:
s : j
rs
er 7L ,

7
s

Figure

f 90

Concurent

lines

' Those lines which intersect

only one p,otnt

ar

"JsName

Acute angled
Triangle

Right angled
Triongle

Description

A triangle whose all

angles less thang0o
tri
w10s

090

Obtuse angled

4 7 7LJ W s

Triongle

O J iS Jr
er
t
7190

Figure


UNIQUE MATHEMATICS,9

Equoloterol
Triongle

A triangle whose
three sidr:s are equal

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

A triangle whose
three sides are

dif f erent

P'arollelogram

l cta

Square

Rhombus

Kite

Trapizium

ler
,4

quadrilateral whose

,,nDosite sides are equal

A quadrilateral whose
opltosite sides are equal
and ansle of 90
A quadrilateral whose
all sides are equal and
anoles of 90

A quadrilateral whose

two parallel si.des and

two nonparallel sides
are equal

{35) .

tt b.

1361:=:

Ctt d

"

nd

nd

=7

tt

1381 =7
DMd

tt

nd
6 =
nd DM
nd

Jrithm
= : b 7L 7tt rorlm =
(40} :
( .y)=! + y l
(41)

:
:

7L P s
j
y
Dj
(42)
isi
j
2s
a =

(43)

logoxY = ylogox

(44)

o y

(45) logob.log6a =

or logob log6a
Closs Xl Chdpter 7 Sets:

A quadrtlateral .
whose all si.des are

equal and anglep

are not of 90
whose
quadrilateral
A
patr of adiacent sides
are equal

R tiO nd ProFortiO
fr :b::G:d r :=:

71

lnangle

A triangle whose two

sides at'e equal

lsosceles

E
V

Power in co - ef f icient
Base change f ormula
Inverse formula
Inverse f ormula

(46) N - t1,,2,3, ... ... ] the set of N atural numbers

(471 W .- {0,1,2, ... ...} the set of Whote numbers
(48) Z = {0,+L,+2,+3, ...} the set of lntegers numbers
(49) E : {2,4,6 } the sit of Evennumbers
(50) O - t7,3,5,......:j the set of Oddnumbers
(51) p - {2,3,5,7,L1, ....}the set of Prime numbers
(52) f, - {4,6,9,9,L0,...}
the Set of Composite or Compound numbers
(s3) q -{x/x -Lrp,q e Zaq + o}
the set of Rationalnumbers

(s4)

q':{x/x*tr,qeZaq*o}

UNIQUEMATHEMATICSFORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

s
l ntt772b rs
/frrati

a
s

mb

(55)R= QU
f R
= 1,2,3,4,5
ff 4= 1,2,3),3= 3,4,5
d

u3

(59)B = 3,4,5 {1,2,3)= 4,5)

1,2,3 = 4,5)
(60) =lJ = 1,2,3,4,5
(61)

ANB

(56) U =(1,2,3)U 3,4,5)=(1,2,3,4,5)

3,4,5 =(3)
(57) ={1,2,3)
-3=
1,2,3)
(58)
(3,4,5)=(1,2)

Venndiagram

(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5) (3,3),(3,4),(3,5)

/s c
r attCt rr m 4

r
st
3

sat

S
71a
am
a71tS
t

7t
Sttbsets

(62)
f wil

[
PrO
rty
J 7t
(63) Omm2
f

B-4

4-3
b

AU =3U

i
71 arsacti072
PrO arty
(64) Om,

4 B=
rty
(65) ssO i ti PrO
f : 7t
U(3U )=(4U3)U

PrO arty

arS
l:
f

(66) ssO :

(B = 3)
Pr arty
:

ar r
arsac j071
(67)Dis
f
U(B 6)=( U3) ( U )
j
arty
ars O

(68)Dis r b Pr
f r
ar
`

rib2 j

(69)4u4=
(70)4 4=4

`j
4 (3U )=(4 3)U(4

(71}4U =
(72) 4 =

{73)4U =1/
(74)4 1/=4

(75) =

(76) =1/

=4 B

=4 UB

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

-___1r

[3il i,1!-"';6'i -

U=UNIVERSAL SET
A=BLACK
B=GREEN

C=RED
D=ONLY 8LACK
E=ONLY GREEN
F=ONLY RED
G=BLACK AND GREEN BUT NOT RED
H=GREEN AND RED BUT NOT BLACK
l=BLACK AND RED BUT NOT GREEN
=BLACK AND GREEN AND RED

8 C
D=A {BUC) G=(A
_A
H=(Bnc
E=B (AUC
=(J C -3
F=C CAUB _
nBnc
Closs
(77)

Xl Chapter: 2

Complex numbers

A is a subset of

(86)Subtracti

then

?"W:*umber
(

(1,9)

+Z2

rS
ic,d)

7L(
Z

,d)

d)
bers

'

:,ti

d)
2d bC)

(89)Di iStO

Of

:(c,a)

pO
iC1:

I::l i

JratiC Fquati
ns

cu

Equ ti 7L

drati FOrmttl

tS Of unity

ar

ttb

rO

w= :
(96)
\- -'

l'*w*w2=0

Sum

.
_
b)

(91)Malti
crass XI Chapter:3 Q
c=0 0u dr tiC
l

d)

(78)

(79)

s,711:

L =_

of cubn roots of unW

is zero

arx*bt!:cr
a2x*bz!=cz

lfXA=BthenX=BA-r

(120)SO by r m r s R

0
7

in Rows)

L+

-lz t

(LLGIAt is catted,

12341
tf A.: ls o sl then

;{,::r;,: :i#{.=

A-L

AX = B thenX = A-78 and

r if 141=0
b sin u
ri ls s id
(119)4 l
r if

si
b
nd ,

Is s id

is called Traspose M atrix

(Rows change in Col:l.lttrts and Coluntns cha4ge
(708) If AX
- B then X = A-18 and

[ss+J

r-1

iS Calle

Dif fet'ence

(Ltsltf

)tzs)
t2511

11

11

Xl Chopter: 4

(1011

of roots -

=:
xp
q.

of

zl thenfi - lz

41

lt

Product of cube roots

Roots of Quadratic Equation
(eB)

L+ssl
(Lt7l (A\t - A If A is ony square and I is ldentity Matrix
(7181AI -- IA : A
(rotlA

o zl

==lz
At
3 x 3 order

p=-a#
"=--P
(99) Sumof roots=a* B=+
:
Product

roots
(1.OO)

1.

of unity is

1
(97) w3 =

P = t!+O
Motrices ond Determinents
Closs

dS91 r tri
=: : :SC

1106)

UNIQUE M4THEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATH MATICS FORMULAE

ly=
141
=
141

7Ld b
is Si7Lgl G m triC M 7L b W 7L

::TT

crass xr c ter 6 Sequence lL Series

+d, +2d +3d +(7L-1)d;
(121)
d .P
is
-lst term
(122) =2nd ter,

d cOmm f r

is c
fP
.P
(123) t= +( -1)d, 7L t r f

d ff r77tO : S qu ff.P
is c

(124)Sm=:[2 (1

r S.=:[

1)d]Su
t

+ ]

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULA

rm O P

(137) =b+(._.).( b)

r77L il .P

=71= +(1-1)a 4.=

.M=
3

7Ld b
iS cSi7tg rm ic 7 b tl

rcpter:7
crass

Permat tiO & OFLbi tio

U3)= (4)+ (3) ( 3)

U3)
(140} ( 3) ( )+7L(3)-7L(
.X3 2Xl
(141) != ( -1)( -2)

(139)7t(

(12511:F
T lirt

::

71 b ,w

7L

iS .P

d fer

f
+b)
a b

M
om ,
f
(127)4=

.(126)

ar, arz , ar3 ; ... . . arn-L

is colled Geometri"c Sequence
(L29\r = Znd term + f trs! term
is called commont atio

=#

when r L
sumof nthterm inG.P
when lrl < 1
(133)Sn :*
sum of nth term in inf inite G. F
(fg+)9 = commonratio =Z So

(132)sn

Gz

d
is ca

of

G'P

are-t;, nthtermof G-P

a(t-rn)
whenr < L
xtm of nthterm in G.P

(131)

= ab and

= *tlTb

2 "
44 =( )= =

r!

(7281 a,

(130)L

bi

( )=
4

(116)P(/1)=

P=PrObability
( )= b :72 d u b r
7t(S)=T l 7Lumb r
ore
CI ss XI C pter:8 Bi Omi
(147)( tt b)m

i b+

= O

m_ib

= (3)
(1)
(1)

b)
(148)(

2b7+..

bmi

m-2b2

(1)b71

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

iI.

rbr

(14

)L+1=

f r

nd g

(152)(1+ ) = 1+7L

ltoa)Srn20-7-Cosz0
(L69lcosz0=L-Sinz0
(LTolCosecz 0 Cot2 0 = 1
(ttt) cosecz 0 -- L + co* e

(L72\Cotz0= Cosecz0-L

(L73lSec20-tanz0=t

+
(153)(1- ) = 1 7L
C

rm

Trigonometric identities
(L67\Sinz 0 + Cosz 0 =

rm
d
7Ld F r m

l1541

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

lL74)Secz0=!+tanz0

(L75ltanz 0 = Sec2 0 -t

55 Xr Chapter 91 C terrtt0

metry& Trigor70metriC denties

Trig
Trog

"

[::'II

i_

"OmetriC rati9fOrm

L
HyP Cosec 0

= =
SeC

(156) OS = Hyp

(181)ta n( )=

5
= = = =

i tt a [

Strm and Product rorm

OS
(182)Si71

)]

)]

=:[Sl (1+ )+Si (

(183) OS Si =:[Sin(

4 )

Sin(

S(

)]
:[q S(

] T ]:IF

(184)Si71 Sin

8 S

(188) OS +

=2r

Sy=2[

Os tt

y-2 S

OS

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

DO bre

erorm

(190)Sin2 =2 Si Os
(191) s2 = s2 _sim2
Os2 =1-2si 2
s2 =2 s2 _1

2 = "
(1921

rea Frricngre

"g

ra
"grerorm
(193)Sin3 =3S -4s: 3
(194) Os3 =4 s3 _3c s

r3
(195) 3 =38
F r a grerOrmura

(196)Si7L4 4Si s s2

(208) =: bSi72
(209) =:bSin
(210) =: CSi

(211) s(S

rrilpre

(197) Os4

=8 s4 _8 Os2

rf

(212)r=:

(200) S

=1-2s1722:

{201) OS

=2 s2:_1

{202)

cr ssc aprer=2

(203)

+ +

+1

Sine l,w

10

w
2=b2+
2_2b s
(205)
2= 2+ 2_2 s
(206)
2=
2+ 2_2 b s
(207)
Cos ne l

r s f rmu
)

r2

(s b)(s-6)
b

12161'<=

=
C=

_
p

'

SO
o/tria gFes

=180

rl

P10S :=

ra

= s2:_sin2:

b)(s

131R=

"grerorm
9 =2, : oS::

(199) s

)(S

:=

Hyperb c Functiors For 3.Sc Stude ts

=
20

=
==

=

T

(223) Os = _ _

12241 tt

=S

= =

(225) O =

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

Closs Xll Chapter:l Functions & Limits

(2531 Any non empty subset of Cartesion product is'colled Relation
(2541 A relation from A to B is said to be o function if
(i) Domoin of R=A ond
(ii) Domoin con not be repeoted
(2551 Domoin is the set of input volues
(2561 Ronge is the set of output values
(2571 f (x) = 6
is called constant function
(2581 f (x) = v
is called i"dentity function
(2591 f (x) = o.x * b is called linear function
(z0O) /(x) - lxl is called Modulus function

(2261Sinh(-x) = -Stnhx
(277\

Cosh(-x)

Cosxhx

(228)Tanh(-x) = -Tanhx
(2291 C o se ch(- x) = - C ose chx
(230)

Sech(-x) =

Sechx

(2311Coth(-x) = -Cothx
(232lCosh?x-Sinhzx=L
(2331Stnhzx=Coshzx-L

Q3alCoshZx=L*sinlfx

: t
-

(235) Cottt2 x Cosecl*x

(2361 Cosechzx = Cothzx
L
(2371 Cothz x = 7 * Cosecfi x

(238)sechzx*tonhzx=L
(239lSechzx=L-tanhzx
(24Oltanttzx = 1- Sechzx
QaLl Sinh(x + y) = SinhxCoshy * CoshxSinhy
Qazl Sinh(x - y) = StnhxCoshy - CoshxSitrhy
Qa3l Cosh(x + y) = CoshxCoshy * SinhxSinhy
Qa4) Cosh(x - y) - CoshxCoshy - SinhxSinhy

(z45ltanh(x+y)=ffi
(2461tanh(x

tanhx-tanhy

= s

(250)Si71i =isi71

Or stnhx

(251) Osi = s
=j 7L
(252)T

lim,-oT = 7
(265) limr* ,T = ,
(264)

Iimr-g- =

(249)T 72

Limits

(266)

Y) = L-tanhx.tanhy
.
Sinhi
=iSi7L Or S =
(247)Si

(248) Os :

if x>0
lxl:x
and lxl=-x if x<O
(26t1 f (x) = sinx or f (x) = cosx is called circular function
(2621 f (-x) -- f (x)
then f (x) is called Even function
(x)
(-x)
then f (x) is calted Odd function
= -f
12631 f
inwhich

{267)lim

p6 hm

lna

71

=71

7t 1

0 =1

(269)lirn (1+:) =

(270)lim

(1+ =

(271)lim 0(1+ )i=

(272)li
C ass

(1+1)'=

ne
XJ C apter2 7he Stra g r
2,y2)then
l)2+ (y2-yl)2
l)and B={r2, 2)then

(273)lf A=( l,yl)and B=(

l BI =d= /( 2

(274)lf A=(rl

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

r12+r22_2rl

P MdPoint

(276)ln Equilateral triangle

"B
l l=13 l=

s( 2

lf l

use lnternal Division

mrx.,

m2x,

:
mr*m.,

'

y=
r

then we

(281)ln Parallelogram B D

ml

then we

= =

xcosa*ysina=p
cosd. sina
_=

=o then .

where

:=

(285)!f a line para elto x axes or perpendicularto y s then Slope

m=
(286) lf a line parallelto Y-oxes or perpendicular to X-oxes then slope
m=@

(287) lf a line in 7't ond 3'd Quadront then slope m=+ve

(288) lf a line in 2"d ond 4th euodront then slope m=-ve
(289) y = mx * c
is called. slope intercept f orm
(2901 y - lt = m(x
- xr) is called slope pointf orm

ml 2 7 2 l

y=

then we

mly2 m2yl

(298) tanT = #
if m2 ) m'
L+mlm2
(2991 y = mx * c is called slope intercept f orm
(300) y - lr = m(x - xr) rs called point slope f orm
(gor) Z2r - !3L is called two point f orm
' ' !z-!r xz-xr
(302) Perpendicular Form of ax * by = c is

y2 yl
2

7+mam2

mid point of lACl = mid point of lBDl

points A(xr,y1)and B(x2,y) then

(284)lf a line +by+

outside A and

m m2
fit - TILZ
and put the point (x,y)in giuen equation then f ind slope
(2971 tanT = **
if m1) m2

=l Dl lB l=14DI
(282)ln Paralielogram B D

slope = m =

C lie

use External Division

(2831 Two

^n^'

(296) lf A=(xuy) and B=(xz,!2) and

y= Ly2 m2yl

_mtxz+m2rt -. _mtlz*mzlt ,n6

'Y--;-'*^'

^-

use External Division

called two point f orm

use lnternal Division

B

ly2+m2yi

m._+mz
(280) lf A=(r1, yr) and B=lxz,yzl and C lie outside A and

Ls

is called two intercept f orm

Qg2l :*'; = 7
Qgzl icoia * ysina = p is called perpeandicular f orm
Class Xll Chapter:3
The Generol Equotion of Stroight Line
(29a) Finding the ratio put m1: ffiz = l:2 in internal division
(295) lf A=lxr,y) and B=(rz, y2l and C lie between A and B then we

(277)ln lsosceles triangle B Either

l 31=IB l r l
rl l=
l = l
(278)in Right angied triangle B
>IB l 71dl l
312=13 12+ 12
A
(2791 lt A=(xr,yrl and B=(x2,y2) and C lie between A and

12911

-'-,-

ab

(303) lf lines are parallel then slopes rrll = nt2

(304) lf lines are perpendicular then slopes fi\.nt2 =
(305) Two lines

-l

11:a1x*bil*cr=g
l; a2x + bz + cz = O intersect then the point of intersection is
brcz-bzct

t'* _
- aabfb*Lt

I^, -

l{a1x*bil*cr=0
l;a2x+b2+cz:O

azct-orcz
aabfbraa

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAF

UNIQUE MATHEMAl lCS t,it,tt

l: 3X+b3y+c3=O

are said to be concurrentif

Class

Xll

Chapter:4 Differentiotion

{307) (c)=0
7t
{308)fi( )=7L

De at ve5 0f yperbOric F ct b For B.Sc St derFJ

)=

(329)fi(
)=

1)=scc
(330)fi(
s

:71

)=

s
.c

{331)::(C S C )==

)=:

(312)fi( )=

{31,}:L( )=,
01
(Si )= OS

(31

Parametric Dif f erentiatiort

(328)fi(sl

+
(309}
)=
1310) (

(327)
:

(332):I(seC )= Sec.

(,151 (coS )= SI

)=
l
(334) (s )=

-l
(335) (cOS
)=

(3361
)==
=l

)=Saci
{316}:I(3

(337):I(c

(333)fi(c

-l

(339)

(s

)=

-l

)=

l_ 2

is called
and

extreme value ifit has either re ative maxim m orre

22) (tan-1 =

m im m value at

24) (csC-l )=
2_1

{325):i(seC-l

(csC

)=1_ 2

(340)lf f(X)iS a differentiable function and/7

{321}::(CO,-l )==

(338)

-l

crass xrr c rerf5

c r7 G DPre"J r

{323) :(c6t-l )==

oCOtX

(318) :(saC)=Sac
C2

)=
(319) :(C
l
020) (in )=

(3171 (coSecx)=

(341)!fF

(a)

O then f has relat e maxhum value at

(342)and lf F (a)>O then f has relat e minimum value at

Cr 55

)=

)
(326)
(g( ))=r'(g ))x
(

(343)
71 Ru

C ter 6 ntegrar 0

= +

+b) d =(
(344) (
`nd
{345)

=
+

+b) +1+G

UNIQuE MATHEMATICs FORMULAE

:1]

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

+`

= +
731(
+
+

+ o+ 2

7
+
=

(348) St
= s

s
(349)
=s
+

50)

d =
s

f?

07 7=7 = :

C
55 C apter 7 Circle
2 +y2 = 2
r ori : (0,0) 71d r d us r
(376)
r C
_b)2=r2

r (
b) 71d r dius r
(377)(
)2+(

:r
::# ;: i ly ::I f fiI:
l:; #:
is ca
d F9 : :rc
rf, .
.db= f 71d C= 2+ 2_r2 71

tr (. ,
(3aO)' +2b +y +2 +c=O
)

d ml

"

F9u
'

/710rm ls

ircl

iS p r, nd: u
r bF

71

:rc

_
L

nd
7
l l=
l)

719rP71

crass
c
ter8
'(
'1)'

Parab
J frlilpser
%Hyperb

l:::

:#
2_
2d

(370) V

r =

L
=

d.x

By Parts
(371,) [ u.u

:::#:lill:

t'

(3831

Ecentricity

Peql
(385)

e = 1, the cone

The clistance f rom the f ixed. poittt(in the pLane)

The distartce f rom the f ixed litte(in the plane)

is callecl Parabola

If e < 7, the cone is colled Elipse

(3861 If e ) L, the cone is called Hyperbola
E quations f P ara.bola:
(3871 y2. = 4ax, Directrix is x * a = 0, Focus is (a,0)
(388) y2 - -4ax, Directrix fs x - a = 0, Focus is (-a,0)
(389) x2 - 4oy, Directrixrs y* a=0, Focusis(0,a)
Directrix is y - a = 0, Focus ls (-a,0)
!:SOf 1'z - -4a!, o

(3911 Equation

of Elipse:

UNIQUEMATHEMATICSF9RMULAE

UNIQUE MATHEMATICS FORMULAE

=1

(392)E9 ti 71 bF yper
:

{_4=1

Double Lin9

Parabola(h)

Circle

Fcl-a-l

pp

Hyperbola (h)
'.1
rr

Section:
The General Equation for a Conic
n-;*-a;y icv'+ Dx + EY + F = o
0

0
F

ipSe(v)

Parabola

(v)

from the sign of: 82 The type of section can be found

4AC

HYPerbola (v)

Definitiont
is the
intersection of
a plane and a
cone.

can
By changing the angle and location of intersection' we
the
in
or
pioAr.""u c"ircle, ellipse, parabola or h.yperbola;
line or
case when the plane touches the vertex: a point'

tpliiaf

2 intersecting lines'

iffimL:rr

:!:1is6_Fffi

*F*s

A conic section

If B2
1

1=0
1>0

71

3600
0

=N

NC

3300

-ve

Other

5
6

S c

Cosec0

-ve

90( 1200 135 1500 1800 2100 225 240 2700 3000 315

ra

Other

4th Quadrant
Cosq, Secq +ve

3r

Sin9, Cosec9 *ve

sin0

60

00 30( 450

Degree

Radian

2 adra
,Cbr +

2"4 Quadrant

l" Quadrant
+ve
All

Quadrants