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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script


Learn how to guide your students into and out of any yoga pose easily and effectively.

By Amy Patee
2011 Amy Patee www.amypatee.com Page 1 of 31

Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Table of Contents
Introduction, Pages 3-4 Chapter 1, Page 5-6 The 4 Tiered Process Chapter 2, Pages 7-8 Tier 1Primary Actions: Building the Foundation Chapter 3, Page 9-10 Tier 2Secondary Actions: Executing the Pose Chapter 4, Pages 11-12 Tier 3Going Deeper: Fine-tuning Alignment Chapter 5, Pages 13-15 Tier 4Coming out of the Pose Chapter 6, Page 16-17 Practice Writing Your Script Chapter 7, Pages 18-22 Adding Imagery Chapter 8, Pages 23-24 Adding Descriptive Words Chapter 9, Pages 25-26 Verbal Pacing Chapter 10, Pages 27-30 Voice Projection Chapter 11, Page 31 Putting it all Together

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Introduction
When I first started teaching yoga, I wrote my own scripts out on note cards on how to guide students into each posture. Whenever I had a spare moment, I would pick a pose to review, rehearsing the script in my head. As time went on, I read every yoga book I could get my hands on. When I came across a new instruction that seemed effective, I would try it out in my own practice. It if worked for me, I would jot it down on the appropriate note card and then add it to my repertoire of instructions. As the white space slowly disappeared on the note cards, my dependence on them also lessened. Although I had memorized most of the scripts Id written, I no longer recited them verbatim. I started to guide my students based on what I perceived they needed in the moment. I became more spontaneous, assured, and trusting of the words flowing out of my mouth. I developed a level of confidence in my own inner understanding of how to execute and be in the postures. Several years later, I began teaching and mentoring others on how to teach yoga. I was reminded of the challenges I once faced in finding the right words to instruct my students effectively. Even people who have practiced yoga for years frequently encounter difficulties in effective communication after assuming the role of teacher. If you are currently struggling with similar challenges, know you are not alone! I have developed a simple, effective, fourtiered process for creating your own yoga pose teaching scripts. In addition, Ill

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

explain how to make your teaching scripts more engaging and dynamic through using imagery, descriptive words, verbal pacing, and voice projection. Ultimately, you will feel more confident instructing any yoga pose and be able to do it with a high degree of effectiveness.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 1 The Four-Tiered Process


My four-tiered process for developing yoga pose teaching scripts was formulated while mentoring yoga teachers-in-training. I understood what it was like to stand in front of a group of students and feel confused and inarticulate. As I coached them in the art of teaching, the process began to reveal itself to me. I realized that each pose could be perceived as an individual journey. The four-tiered process began to evolve from the realization that each pose has a beginning, middle, and an end. Tier 1 Primary Actions: Building the Foundation Tier 2 Secondary Actions: Executing the Pose Tier 3 Going Deeper: Fine-tuning alignment Tier 4 Coming Out of the Pose As you learn the four-tiered process, you will be able to easily instruct anyone in any pose. This process is especially useful when you are instructing new students that have no previous knowledge of the postures. As you prepare to dive into this process and begin refining your teaching script, always apply these two essential ingredients:

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

1. Breath Let the breath be the guiding force for all of your instructions. 2. Simplicity Keep your instructions short and to the point. Minimal talking allows more time for your students to connect with their personal experience in the pose. Limit yourself to three instructions for each tier.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 2 Tier One Primary Actions: Building the Foundation


Primary Actions instructions describe how to establish a poses foundation, or that which is in contact with the floor. This is the feet in standing poses; the hands in arm balances; the pelvis and legs in seated postures; the head, forearms, hands, and shoulders in inversions; the shin bones in kneeling postures; and the whole front or back torso in supine and prone postures. The foundation of every pose needs to be aligned, strong, and stable. This enables the rest of the body to relax into that foundational support and feel at ease. In turn, this impacts the ability to achieve healthy alignment throughout the rest of the body. When the joints are aligned properly, the muscles work efficiently and energy flows unimpeded. Good alignment minimizes a students risk of injury, promotes the bodys longevity, and invokes a balanced state of mind. Additionally, when a student focuses on a poses foundation, they become grounded both physically and energetically. Being grounded in the body anchors the students mind in the present moment, awakens their inherent connection to the earth, and allows for a more profound sense of being supported.

Tip: Build every pose from the ground up.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Examples of Tier One Instructions


Mountain Pose/Tadasana 1. "Stand with your feet approximately hip distance apart." 2. "From there, walk your feet slightly in or out to find a position that allows you to feel stable." 3. "Fan your toes out wide and relax them." Staff Pose/Dandasana 1. Come to sit upright upon your sits bones. 2. Stretch both legs straight forward. 3. If you are not able to sit upright upon your sits bones with your legs stretched forward with ease, sit on a folded blanket. Once the foundation of the pose is stable, you can then guide your students through the actions they must take in order to execute the pose.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 3 Tier Two Secondary Actions: Executing the Pose


Tier Two instructions explain what students must to do to attain the full variation of the pose, including placement of the arms, legs, spine, and head. Dont worry about whether or not your students are able to accomplish every instruction perfectly. Range of motion, body awareness, and other personal factors may limit their capability to follow through completely. Help them achieve the general shape and call it a success. This is especially the case when working with beginning students. Tier Three allows you to facilitate deeper alignment where needed.

Tip: When possible, precede every instruction with a inhalation or exhalation.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Examples of Tier Two Instructions


Mountain with Hands over Head/Urdhva Hastasana 1. "Inhale and extend your arms out to the side and up over your head." 2. "Press your palms together if you can, or align the hands shoulder-width apart." 3. "Lift your gaze up to see your hands." Seated Forward Fold/Paschimottanasana 1. Inhale, lengthen your spine, lift your chest, and sit tall upon your sits bones. 2. Exhale, tip your torso forward from your hip creases. 3. Inhale, lengthen your spine, gaze forward, and clasp your shins, ankles, or toes with your hands. Once the student has attained the pose, you can help them refine their alignment and go deeper.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 4 Tier Three Go Deeper: Refining Alignment


After instructing Tiers One and Two, you may look out at the class and wonder why students poses dont look how you intended them. This can be a result of poor articulation, but often it is simply that you are working with students who have limited range of motion and lack body awareness. This is typically the case in beginning classes. Tier Three gives you the opportunity to address the students so that they can feel greater alignment. In more advanced classes, Tier Three allows you to facilitate the subtle alignment that requires greater inner awareness. Tier Three may also be where you invite students to modify the pose, add the use of a prop if needed, try a more intense variation, relax certain body parts, and of course, to breathe completely.

Tip: Rather than reciting memorized instructions, bring your students deeper into a pose by speaking directly to what you are seeing in their bodies in the moment.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Examples of Tier Three Instructions


Mountain with Hands over Head/Urdhva Hastasana 1. "Exhale, draw your navel in and up towards your ribs." 2. "Press the tailbone down towards the floor. 3. "Exhale, relax your shoulders away from your ears." Seated Forward Fold/Paschimottanasana 1. Exhale, roll your shins bones inward towards one another. 2. Inhale, lengthen the crown of your head towards your toes. 3. Exhale, fan the back of your hamstrings and calf muscles wide. When you are giving Tier Three instructions, students are usually in the holding phase of their posture journey. This means they may be rubbing up against their resistance points. Resistance can reveal itself as tight muscles, judgmental thoughts, and negative emotions. These things can cause a student to check out as a way of avoiding uncomfortable experiences. Tier Three instructions work to keep your students focused once they arrive in a pose and encourages them to engage in the process of being with what is happening in the present moment. After several breaths, it is time to help your students transition out of the pose.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 5 Tier Four Coming Out of the Pose


Tier Four instructions bring a student back to their starting position. At times, Ive observed, in myself as well as in my students, a level of unconsciousness inherent in transitions between yoga poses. People work diligently to stay present while in the pose, but then become disconnected as they exit the position. Surprisingly, this is often when injuries occur. This momentary lapse in presence creates a body-mind disconnect or gap. In this state, the body moves without a guide and the result may manifest as a strained muscle, tweaked joint, or excessive effort. Use your Tier Four instructions to help your students stay present as they come out of a pose and return to their beginning position. You can revisit Tier Two instructions and simply reverse the order. Again, link the breath to each instruction in order to continue reinforcing the body-mind-breath connection.

Tip: Every posture is a journey in and of itself. Encourage your students to remain equally present throughout the beginning, middle, and end of their practice.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Examples of Tier Four Instructions


Mountain with Hands over Head (Urdhva Hastasana) into Mountain (Tadasana) 1. "Exhale, release your arms back alongside the body." 2. "Relax your shoulders and gaze forward." 3. "Stand tall in Mountain pose and breathe deeply." If you want your students to transition into another pose rather than exit and return to the starting position, then simply make the current position the starting pose and apply Tier One, Two, and Three instructions again.

Examples of Tier Four Transitioning Instructions


Mountain with Hands over Head (Urdhva Hastasana) into Forward Fold (Uttanasana) 1. (Tier One) Building the foundation isnt needed; the foundation is already in place. 2. (Tier Two) "Exhale, bend forward from the hips." 3. (Tier Two) Sweep the arms out to the side and down bringing the hands to the floor. 4. (Tier Two)Release the back of the neck and spine into forward fold." 5. Continue from here into Tier Three and Four.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Tier Four instructions for transitioning can be applied when you are teaching vinyasa-style yoga in which you are not asking your students to hold poses. In this case, notice if your students stay tuned in, moving in an integrated way with their breath or begin to check out and become sloppy. This frequently occurs in yoga practice, especially when a movement, such as the sun salutation, is extremely familiar. Students can turn on auto-pilot, thus setting themselves up for greater risk of injury. If you witness this happening, its time to slow them down and add Tier Three instructions to help them reconnect to their bodys alignment and the integrity of the pose. This will ensure students remain safe and free from injury.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 6 Practice Writing Your Script


This template will help you review the Four-Tiered process for developing your yoga script. Make copies of it and write instructions for all of the foundational yoga poses that you will be sharing with your students. Write instructions geared towards beginners and then more advanced students. Always remember to apply the two essential ingredients to superior yoga instruction: Breath and Simplicity.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Pose/Asana:
Instructions Tier One Primary Actions: Building the Foundation 1. 2. 3. Tier Two Secondary Actions: Executing the Pose 1. 2. 3. Tier Three Go Deeper: Refining Alignment 1. 2. 3. Tier Four Coming Out of the Pose / Transitioning 1. 2. 3.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 7 Adding Imagery


Once you can easily create basic scripting, you can advance your teachings by adding more flavor to your instructions with the use of imagery. Imagery inspires imagination and visualization as tools to invoke transformation in the body. Sometimes imagery can inform peoples bodys better than hands-on adjustments. An additional advantage is that even if you are not there guiding or touching the students, for example, when they are practicing on their own at home, they can call upon the image to invoke the effect they desire. Imagery can be added to Tiers One through Four, although you may find yourself using it most after the students have established the form of the pose and you are guiding them to go deeper in Tier Three. Think about how you want your students to move or feel and then consider an appropriate image.

Tip: When you are coming up with imagery, use these phrases to help: Imagine, As if, Like, Visualize.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Examples of Imagery
Mountain Pose with Hands over Head/Urdhva Hastasana Standard Tier Three Go Deeper 1. "Exhale, draw your navel in and up towards your ribs." +Imagery: Imagine you are holding a marble in your navel and draw it inward and upward securely, as to not drop it. 2. "Press the tailbone down towards the floor." +Imagery: Let your tailbone reach towards the floor like a long lizard tail 3. "Relax your shoulders away from your ears." +Imagery: "Let the shoulders fall away from the ears as if you are carrying 20 pound weights in your hands."

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Practice Adding Imagery to Your Yoga Script Pose/Asana:


Tier One Primary Actions: Building the Foundation 1. +Imagery: 2. +Imagery: 3. +Imagery: Tier Two Secondary Actions: Executing the Pose 1. +Imagery: 2. +Imagery: 3. +Imagery:

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Tier Three Go Deeper: Refining Alignment 1. +Imagery: 2. +Imagery: 3. +Imagery: Tier Four Coming Out of the Pose / Transitioning 1. +Imagery: 2. +Imagery: 3. +Imagery:

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Next time you teach, test out the use of imagery and notice the impact on your students. Do their bodies transform before your eyes? Also, observe the shape of the poses; do they resemble an animal or earth structure that you can reference with the use of imagery? As a student, Ive noticed that when a teacher employs the use of imagery I experience greater alignment and a sense of overall integration within my body. I also have more fun because imagery engages the creative aspect of my mind and reveals what a powerful influence it is upon the body. In addition to imagery, you can keep your instructions engaging by using a variety of descriptive words instead of repeating the same word over and over again.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 8 Adding Descriptive Words


During any given yoga class, you usually have several words or phrases that you repeat over and over again. It can be an asset to have several words on hand that mean the same thing in order to make class more interesting and to keep your scripts fresh. Different words can invoke very unique responses in people even though they may mean the same thing. Here is a list of some of the most commonly used words in yoga classes. See if you can come up with another descriptive word for each. A thesaurus can come in handy for this activity.

Common Yoga Words Inhale Exhale Stretch Go deeper Relax Engage Soften Focus Feel

Instead Try Inspire Expire Lengthen Go inward Let go Contract Melt Concentrate Be aware

Come up with your own

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

As you begin to explore the use of descriptive words, notice how your students respond. Does it impact their practice? Let their responses help you develop a library of great scripting. When you are attending other teachers classes, make a mental note of how they use descriptive words, how they work for you, and then perhaps add them to your own library. Periodically invigorate your teaching by reading through your list. Your underlying instruction for a pose may stay the same, but changing one word might impact your students in a completely new way. Keep things fresh and let your language continually evolve. Using imagery and descriptive words can dramatically increase the effectiveness of your yoga teaching script. However, if the instructions are offered to rapidly without enough time to assimilate and integrate, the potency of your guidance can become lessened. Learning how to appropriately pace your instructions will ensure the importance of what you are saying is not lost.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 9 Verbal Pacing


Once your words begin to flow more easily, it is important to establish a pace and rhythm to your speech that supports students in their practice. Apply these guidelines to help you find the ideal verbal pacing for teaching your classes. 1. Take a complete breath after every instruction This will not only create a reasonable pace of instructions, it will keep you relaxed and present. 2. Watch to see that your students actually receive the instruction When an instruction is given, observe if and how your students bodies change. Movement in a pose is a great indicator that your students are present, listening, and integrating your instructions. When too many instructions are given or if they are spoken too quickly, your students will not have the time necessary to do what it is you are asking of them. 3. Leave a few moments of silence in every pose for students to just be If your voice is filling up the entire time a student practices a pose, it will be impossible for them to attune to their own inner experience of sensations and feelings. Gaps of silence foster self-reflection. Always offer a few moments of silence in every pose.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

4. Know how much time you want your students to hold a pose and develop a system for gauging this length of time Beginning students generally have less stamina. They are just learning the postures and may find them quite demanding. Have them hold more vigorous poses for a maximum of 3-5 breaths. More advanced students can explore demanding postures for up to 10 breaths. When you develop your cueing, understand what you can actually fit into the short window of time available. Create a speaking gauge so your students experience postures for a balanced amount of time. In some instances, it may be useful to demonstrate the pose first and offer more detailed instruction on technique while your students watch. That way, when they execute the pose you will have less pertinent information that you need to share with them and your instruction can remain simple and short. I have found that when I articulate clearly and at a relaxed pace, students are able to fully integrate the instructions, achieve deeper alignment, and find greater body awareness. Even though there is always more to say, sometimes one or two simple instructions can impact the whole pose in a positive way. Understand that there is a definite learning curve to the practice of yoga. It can take years for students to develop the body awareness and heightened sensitivity to really be in the positions. Be patient and give them time to build the pose with integrity from the ground up. Now, it is time to apply everything youve learned with a live audience. This requires you to be able to project your voice so your students can hear what you are saying.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 10 Exploring Voice Projection


Now that you have a yoga script full of amazing words, you must share it with others through the medium of a strong and confident voice. The voice is a powerful tool with the capacity to penetrate the bodies of your students and induce immediate physiological and energetic effects. As a teacher, the first thing to establish for yourself is the ability to speak and be heard. This means you must project your voice loud enough for the whole class to hear. This also means that you are confident in yourself and believe that what you have to say matters. When you take center stage as a yoga teacher, you are committing to guide your students on a journey inward towards their true selves. Owning this responsibility can shift away any selfconsciousness that you may feel around speaking in front of groups and help you step into your role more completely. As you begin teaching, an essential first step is to make sure your whole class can clearly hear you speak. Some people will have no problem doing this, while others will find it quite difficult.

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

You can establish adequate voice projection by doing the following: Ask for student feedback about your voice level. For example: Can you hear me in the back of the room? Watch for confused looks or random glances from your students that might indicate that they did not hear your instructions. Make an audio recording of your class to gain more objectivity about your use of voice. Once you are confidently projecting your voice for all to hear, you can expand your vocal repertoire to induce more profound effects upon your students such as softening your voice to help your students relax or intensifying your voice to energize and awaken your students. Here are four types of vocal projections to explore: 1. Personal Projection This projection is your natural speaking voice and it underlies all other variations well explore. It is conversational and utilized when you are greeting your students, telling a personal story, or when you are perhaps laughing and just being yourself.

Just be yourself: Hi, my name is _________. Hows everybody doing today?

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

2. Neutral Projection This projection is used when you do not want to draw any attention to yourself. Your voice maintains a background quality that allows students to go deeper within as they receive your instruction. To achieve this effect your voice must maintain a balanced tone and pitch without a lot of fluctuation. You may find this level of speaking useful when students are attempting to do a standing balance pose or seated forward folds.

Be a fly on the wall: Let your eyes focus on a point as you balance on one foot

3. Enthusiastic Projection This projection can be used when you want to invoke more energy, enthusiasm, and excitement in your students. This comes in handy when students are moving through a strong series of standing poses, attempting arm balances, and/or while moving through an inspirational set of sun salutations. Your voice may become louder and/or deeper. Be a cheerleader: Two more breathsyou can do it!

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

4. Soothing Projection This projection is relaxing and can be used anytime you want to support your students in feeling peaceful and at ease. Your voice will be soft and you may utilize longer pauses between your words. This projection is great for guiding savasana. Tell a bedtime story: Feel your whole body letting go as you completely relax your muscles.

Have you ever taken class from someone and felt annoyed by the sound of their voice? Was it actually their voice or maybe how they were projecting it? Would you consider going back to that class? We cant necessarily change our natural voice but we can influence how we choose to project it. Be clear about where youd like to guide your students and then let your voice carry them there. For example, a loudly guided savasana/relaxation can keep students in hyper-alert mode and unable to relax, whereas a soothing, relaxed voice can lull them into deep peace. At this point, youve now written the script, developed a good speaking pace and rhythm, and established a range of vocal projection. What do you get when you put these things all together? A transformational yoga teacher!

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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Teaching Yoga 101: A Handbook for New Yoga Teachers Developing Your Yoga Teaching Script

Chapter 11 Putting it all Together


Just as the outer alignment of a yoga posture acts as a guide to help us deepen our body awareness and connect us with our own inner teacher, all of the guidelines Ive offered in this eBook are intended to help you grow and deepen as a teacher. Use the Four-tiered process as a template for guiding your students into the postures safely and easily Write your own yoga imagery handbook or dictionary of descriptive words Play with your magnificent voice to touch your students deeply Be the best teacher that you can be and know that you are offering a much needed service to the world! Gaining new skills and refining your teaching techniques are a gift not only to yourself, but also to the students who ultimately benefit from your personal commitment to growth and learning. Thank you for investing in your teaching career with me! May you continue to thrive as a yoga teacher and successfully share your gifts with the world. Namaste,

Amy Patee

2011 Amy Patee

www.amypatee.com

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