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self-weight storage imposed floor load, snow snow, wind wind, accidental load
Service class 1 2 3
Environmental condition the relative humidity in the surrounding air only exceeding 65% for a few weeks per year* the relative humidity in the surrounding air only exceeding 85% for a few weeks per year* The climatic condition leading to higher moisture contents than Service Class 2
Modulus ULS
Emean, fin = Gmean, fin = Emean (*) (1 + 2 k def ) Gmean (*) (1 + 2 k def )
Ed = Gd =
Emean
Ed = Gd =
Emean
Emean
Gmean
Gmean
Vibration analysis (*) conservative way 2 = 1,0 is used Material type Service class 1 Solid timber Glued laminated timber (Glulam) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) 0,60 0,60 0,60
Emean
Gmean
Gmean
kdef Service class 2 0,80 0,80 0,80 Service class 3 2,0 2,0 2,0
Strength modification factors kmod factor depending on the duration of load and the moisture content kh factor depending on the cross-section size and the reference depth size kl factor depending on the member length and the reference length kvol factor depending on the apex zone volume and the reference volume
kmod
Medium term 0,80 0,80 0,65 0,80 0,80 0,65 0,80 0,80 0,65 Short term 0,90 0,90 0,70 0,90 0,90 0,70 0,90 0,90 0,70 Instant. 1,10 1,10 0,90 1,10 1,10 0,90 1,10 1,10 0,90
kh
Glued laminated timber (Glulam) (if h < 600 mm) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
kl
S /2 3000 k l = min or 1,1 l
kvol
1,0 where,
k vol
V = 0 V
0,2
V0 is the reference volume (0,01 m3) V is the stressed volume of the apex zone, and V < 0,67Vb (total volume of the beam)
fm,k
ft,0,k
Solid timber
f t ,0,d =
Glued laminated timber (Glulam)
k mod k h f t , 0 , k
f m ,d =
k mod k h f m , k
M
fd =
k mod f k
M
f t ,0,d = k mod k l f t , 0 , k
t,0,d m,y,d
ft,0,d + fm,y,d
+km
m,z,d
fm,z,d
c,0,d m,y,d m,z,d + f f +km f 1 m,z,d c,0,d m,y,d c,0,d +km m,y,d + m,z,d 1 f fm,y,d fm,z,d c,0,d
2
t,0,d
ft,0,d
+km
m,y,d m,z,d
fm,y,d + fm,z,d
c,0,d
kc, y fc,0,d
m, y,d
fm, y,d
+ km +
m, z,d
fm, z,d
c,0,d
kc, z fc,0,d
where,
+ km
m, y,d m, z,d
fm, y,d fm, z,d
km = 0,7 for rectangular sections km = 1,0 for other cross-sections kc,y = buckling reduction factor kc,z = buckling reduction factor
mc,d
kcrit fm,d
mc,d =
Md Nd + <0 Wy A
rel,m 0,75
0,75 < rel,m 1,4
rel,m 0,75
tor , d
k shape f v , d
v, y,d + f v,d
where, kshape is the cross-section shape factor: kshape = 1,2 for circular cross-section
tor ,d
k shape f v ,d
v , z ,d + f v ,d
where, kshape is the cross-section shape factor: kshape = 1,2 for circular cross-section
t ,90,d
k dis kvol f t ,90,d
where, kdis is the stress distribution factor in apex zone factor (kdis =1,4) kvol is the volume modifiction factor in the apex zone
M
Solid timber: M = 1,30 Glulam: LVL:
- The dissapitive zones have to be concentrated into the joints - The timber elements works in elastic assuption