Electric lab

: Objective
In this experiment we explore the many
: ramification of power in AC circuit
. we examine instantaneous power -
.we examine average power -
we examine complex power -
. we examine power factor correction -
: Theory
: Instantaneous power
(V(t)=Vp cos(wt+θv
(I(t)=Ip cos (wt+θi
P=V(t)*I(t) P=(Vp*Ip)/2* {cos (θv-
{(θi)+cos(2wt+θv+ θi

Pavg=(1/T

(Pavg=1/2*Vp*Ip*cos(θv-θi
Pure resistance circuit
Pavg=(1/2)
*Vp*Ip=(1/2)*(Vp2/R)=(1/2)*Ip2*R
At reactive P=0
(Pavg=Vrms*Irms *cos(θv-θi

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(Power factor (pf)=cos(θv-θi

P=R+jX

=P

(Θ=tan-1(X/R
S=Vrms*Irms
Power factor =Pavg/S

:Calculation
We connect the circuit shown below and then
take some readings and fill the following
table :

Source voltage Source voltage

(amplitude(v angle

2 0.0
Table #1

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The source voltage is ↔ V = 2cos (6280t)

W=2π*1000=6280 rad.s

Load voltage
Load Load
voltage voltage
amplitude( angle
(v
1Vp θ =22.3
Table #2

The load voltage is ↔ V = 1cos )6280t(22.3+

w=2π*1000=6280 rad.s
The Figure # 2 is the sinusoidal wave form before
use the capacitor (use power factor correction )

Figure # 2

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Load current
Load Load current
current angle
amplitude(
(A
1Vp a=0.5 ,
b=1.1

θ =27
Table #3

→ θ = sin-1(a/b)
→Pf = cos(θv-θi) = cos(27) = 0.89
→Pave = Vrms Irms cos(θv-θi) =0.7*0.7cos 27 = 0.43 w
→Apparent power = Vrms Irms = 0.7*0.7 = 0.49 W

:Power factor correction

We connect a parallel capacitor with the
circuit and measure the power factor then
we fill the following table:

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The Figure # 3 is the sinusoidal wave form after use

( the capacitor (use power factor correction

Figure # 3

load load
current current
Amplitude Angle
1Vp θ =17

Table #4

P f = c os (θv -θ i) = co s( 17) = 0 .95

Conclusions:

 the parallel capacitor increasing the power

factor and the inductor decrease it,so that
we can decrease the loss of power by adding
a capacitor parallel to the load in order to
consume most of the power dissipated

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 the power factor in the capacitive and

inductive load is zero because cosθZL = cos-
90= cos90 =0